上海交通大学2017年博士研究生入学考试试题(20210205215059)

1、上海交通大学2017年博士研究生入学考试试题Directions: In each question, decide which of the choices given will most suitably complete the sentences if inserted at the place marked. Write your choices on the Answer Sheet.31. The secretary was harshlyby her boss for misplacing some important files.A) rebuked B) teased C)

2、 washed D) accused32. The jet airliner hasfrom the Wright brothers ' small airplane.A) Involved B) evolved C) devolved D) revolved33. Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their, quality.A) Indistinctive B) indisputable C) indispensable D) indistinguishable34. This can so

3、mething that the students may not have comprehended in English.A) Signify B) specify C) clarify D) testify35. I must you on your handling of a very difficult situation.A) meditate B) complement C) elaborate D) compliment36. I've had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able t

4、o the problem.A) deduce B) notify C) highlight D) pinpoint37. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from _A) abolition B) demolition C) disruption D) dismantling38. Having decided to rent a flat, we contacting all the accommodation dt, age

5、ncies in the city.A) set out B) set to C) set about D) set off39. The police decided to the department store after they had received a bomb warning.A) evict B) expel C) abandon D) evacuate40. If the work-force respected you, you wouldn't need to your authority so often,A) affirm B) restrain C) a

6、ssert D) maintain41. Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition carefully to all errors from it.A) eliminate B) terminate C) illuminate D) alleviate42. Several months previously, the workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and of stricter safety regulations.A) impleme

7、nt B) endowment C) enforcement D) engagement43. The rebel army _ the democratic government of the, country lawlessly.A) overthrew B) overtook C) overturned D) overruled44. Judges are increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offencesA). B) demanding C) imparting D) imposing45. The of all kinds of n

8、ecessary goods was caused by natural calamity.A) variety B) scarcity C) solidarity D) commodity46. It is essential to be on the for any signs of movement in the undergrowth since there are poisonous snakes in the area.A) guard B) care C) alert D) alarm47. She took up so many hobbies when she retired

9、 that she had hardly any timeA) in hand B) at hand C) on her hands D) at her hand48. Working with the mentally handicapped requires considerable -'_ of patience; and understanding.A) means B) stocks C) provisions D) resources49. He still suffers from a rare t2-opical disease which he, while work

10、ing to Africa.A) infected B) incurred C ) contractedD) infested50. Giving up smoking is just one of the ways to heart diseases.A) ward off C) push off B) put off D) throw off51. There is no for hard work and perseverance of you want to succeed.A) alteration B) equivalent C) alternative D)substitute5

11、2. What the film company needs is an actor who can take on any kinds of roles.A) diverse B) versatile C) variable D) changeable53. With their modern, lightweight boat, they soon the older vessels in the race.A) overranB) exceeded C) outstrippedD) caught up54. Research suggests that, heavy penalties

12、do not act as a to potential criminals.A) deterrent B) prevention C) safeguard D) distraction55. There has been so much media of the coming election that people have got bored with it.A) circulation B) concern C) broadcasting D) coverage56. You've done more of the work than I have recently so I&

13、#39;ll give up my day off inA) offset B)redress C)herald D) compensatewith the usual formalities since we all know each other57. I think we can with the usual formalities since we all know each other already.A) dispose B) dispatch C) dispense D) discharge58. He joined a computer dating scheme but so

14、 far it hasn't a suitable patter.A) come by B) some across C) come up with D) come round to59. Have you thought what the _ might be if you didn't win your case in court?A) applications B) connotations C) implications D) complications64. I thought 1 saw water in the distance but it must have

15、been an opticalA) perception B) delusion C) illusion D) deception61. He was intensely by the way the shop assistant spoke to him.A) intervened C) injected B) irritated D) insulated62. The people who were _ hurt in the accident were taken to the only hospital in the immediateA) vicinity B) mobility C

16、) velocity D) integrity63. With all his experience abroad he was a major to the company.A) attendant B) asset C) attachment D) attribute64. Don't thank me for helping in the garden. It was pleasure to be working out of doors.A) mere B) sheer C) plain D) simple65. The peace of the public library

17、was by the sound of a transistor radio.A) shuttered B) shattered C) smashed D) fractured66. It is doubtless that those who wish to succeed should beA) aggressive B) possessive C) cooperative D) conventional67. The damp and cold weather had painfully the patient's rheumatism.A) activated B)aggreg

18、atedC) aggravated D) accelerated1.1 1 utterly your argument. In my opinion, you have distorted the facts.A) dispute B) refute C) confound D) decline1.2 1 think you will find that the inconvenience of the diet is by the benefits.A) out looked B) outranked C) outfought D) outweighed70. A good friend i

19、s one who will you when you arc in trouble.A) stand for B) stand by C) stand up to D) stand overPart III. Reading Comprehension (30 paints)Directions There are 6 passages in this pail. Each Passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Each question or unfinished statement is given

20、 four suggested answers marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one best answer and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSome of the earliest diamonds known came from India. In the eighteenth century they were found in Brazil, and in 1866, huge deposits were found ne

21、ar Kimberley in South Africa. Though evidence of extensive diamond deposits has recently, been found in South Africa, the continent of Africa still produces nearly all the world's supply of these stones.The most valuable diamonds are large, individual crystals of pure crystal lint carbon. Less p

22、erfect forms, known as 'boars' and 'carbonado' arc clusters of tiny crystals. Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle lice those you sec on a ring-they just look like small, blue-grey stones.In a rather crude form the cutting and polishing of precious stones was an a

23、rt known to the Ancient Egyptians, and in the Middle Ages it became 1Lidcspread iii north-west Europe. However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when Ludwig Van Berquen of Bruges in Belgium invented the use of a swiftly revolving wheelwith its edge face

24、d with fine diamond powder. The name 'boast' is given to this fine powder as well as the natural crystalline material already mentioned. It is also gimp to badly flawed or broken diamond crystals, useless as jewels, that are broken into powder for grinding purposes, the so-called 'indust

25、rial' diamonds.Diamond itself is the only material hard enough to cut and polish diamonds-though recently, high-intensity light beams called lasers have been developed which can bore holes in them. It may be necessary to split or cleave the large stones before they arc cut and polished. Every di

26、amond has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be split by a sharp blow with a cutting edge.A fully cut 'brilliant' diamond has 58 facets, or faces, regularly arranged. For cutting or faceting, the stones arc fixed into copper holders and held against a wheel, edged with a mixture

27、of Oil and fine diamond dust, which is revolved at about 2,500 revolutions a minute. Amsterdam and Antwerp, in Holland and Belgium respectively, have been the centre of the diamond cutting and polishing industry for over seven centuries.The jewel value of brilliant diamonds depends greatly on their

28、colour, or 'water' as it is called. The usual colours of diamonds are white, yellow, brown, green or blue- Surrounding rocks and take on their color. thus black ,red and even bright pink diamonds have occasionally been found.The trade in diamonds Is not only in the valuable gem stones but al

29、so in the industrial diamonds mentioned above. Zaire produces 70% of such stones. They are fixed into the rock drills used in mining and civil engineering, also for edging band saws for cutting stone. Diamond-faced tools are used for cutting and drilling glass and fine porcelain and for dentists'

30、; drills.They are used as bearings in watches and other finely balanced instruments. Perhaps you own some diamonds without knowing it-in your wristwatch!71. 'Carbonado' is the name given toA) only the very best diamonds B) lumps of pure carbonC) Spanish diamondsD) diamonds made up of many sm

31、all crystals72. The art of cutting and polishing precious stones remained crude untilA) the fourteenth centuryB) the fifteenth centuryC) the sixteenth centuryD) the seventeenth century73. During faceting, diamonds are held in copper holdersA) to facilitate accurate cuttingB) to make them shine more

32、brilliantlyC) so that they can revolve more easily 74. The value order of 'water' in diamond, _ A) is more important than their colour C) ranges from blue-white downwards 75. Industrial diamonds are used A) for a wide range of purposes C) for decoration in rings and watches Passage TwoD) as

33、a steel holder might damage the diamondB) ranges from blue-white upwardsD) has never been reliably establishedB) mainly for dentists' drillsD) principally in mass-produced jewelleryJust about everyone knows the meaning of 'value" though you'd never know it from the excesses of the E

34、ighties. Clever campaigns often allowed marketers to charge more for their product and reap ever-higher profits. It worked like a dream until suddenly, facing difficult economic times, consumers work up. Now, to the extent that they're buying, many consumers are choosing the car that delivers th

35、e most for the money-not necessarily the one they coveted as a status symbol a few years ago, they are shifting to the toothpaste that works from the ones with it slickest promotions. Companies that understand this new consumer have come up wit something new: "value marketing".A word of ca

36、ution is necessary. In marketing, watchwords quickly metamorphos into buzzwords-and value is no exception. We're not taping about ads that merely boast of a product's value or even such legitimate sates tools as price cuts and discount: Used correctly, value marketing amounts to much more th

37、an just stashing prices distributing coupons. It means giving the customer an improved product, with adds, features and enhancing the role of marketing itself:In value marketing, marketing becomes part of the system for delivering value t( the consumer. Instead of merely shaping image, such a progra

38、m might offer enhance guarantees or longer warranties, ads that educate rather than hype, membership club: that build loyalty, frequent-buyer plans, improved communications with customer. through 800 numbers, or package design that makes the product easier to use or more environmentally friendly.The

39、se and other value-marketing techniques can be expensive. They can tncar added production and marketing costs added to lower unit prices, Even so, the principle involved in value marketing value for money, an improved product, enhanced =Nice, and added features-are just %fiat U_S_ business needs to

40、enhance its competitiveness in the global marketplace. That's why it will be all to the good if the commonsensical virtues of value marketing become part of the permanent strategy of U.S. business.76. Consumers have waken up because ofA) the poor products they bought B) the high price they paid

41、for what they boughtC) the difficult economic timesD) a horrible dream77. Many consumers are choosing the commodities A) that are preciousB) that are warrantedC) that can show their statusD) that deliver the most for the money78. In the 1980s, people would like to go after the products A) that were

42、most expensiveB) that were up-to-dateC) that could show their statusD) that were in fashion79. Communications with customers malj be improvedA) through annual customers congress B) through ton free 800 numbers C)through membership clubsD) through frequent education80. A value marketing program may n

43、ot includeA)daily visits to customers B)longer warrantiesC)membership clubs D)environmentally friendly packages Passage ThreeGreat emotional and intellectual resources are demanded in quarrels; stamina helps, as does a capacity for obsession. But no one is born a good quarreller; the craft must be l

44、earned.There are two generally recognised apprenticeships. First, and universally preferred, is a long childhood spent in the company of fractious siblings. After several years of rainy afternoons, brothers and sisters develop a sure feel for the tactics of attrition and the niceties of strategy so

45、necessary in first-rate quarrelling.The only child, or the child of peaceful or repressed households, is likely to grow up failing to understand that quarrels, unlike arguments, arc not about an)1hing, least of all the pursuit of truth. The apparent subject of a quarrel is a mere pretext; the real b

46、usiness is the quarrel itself.Essentially, adversaries in a quarrel are out to establish or rescue their dignity. I fence the elementary principle: anything may be said. The unschooled, probably no less quarrelsome by inclination than anyone else, may spend an hour with knocking heart, sifting the c

47、onsequences of roiling this old acquaintance a lying fraud. Too late! With a cheerful wave the old acquaintance has left the room.Those who miss their first apprenticeship may care to enrol in the second, the bad marriage. This can be perilous for the neophyte; the mutual intimacy of spouses makes t

48、hem at once more vulnerable and more dangerous in attack. Once sex is involved, the stakes are higher all round. And there is an unspoken rule that those who love, or have loved, one another are granted a licence for unlimited beastliness such as is denied to mere sworn enemies. For all that, some o

49、f our most tenacious black belt quarrellers have come to it late in fife and mastered every throw, from the Crushing Silence to the Gloating Apology, in less than ten years of marriage.A quarrel may last years. Among brooding types Kith time on their hands, like writers, half a lifetime is not uncom

50、mon. In its most refined form, a quarrel may consist of the participants not talking to each other. They will need to scheme laboriously to appear in public together to register their silence.Brief, violent quarrels are also known as rows. In all cases the essential ingredient remains the same; the

51、original cause must be forgotten as soon as possible. From here on, dignity, pride, self-esteem, honour ate the crucial issues, which is why quarrelling, like jealousy, is an all -consuming business, virtually a profession. For the quarreller's very self-hood is on the fine. To lose an argument

52、is a brief disappointment, much like losing a game of tennis; but to be crushed in a quarrel . rather bite off your tongue and spread it at your opponent's feet.81. Unschooled quarrellers are said to be at a disadvantage becauseA) their insults fail to offend their opponentB) they reveal their n

53、ervousness to their opponentC) they suffer from remorse for what they've said D) they are apprehensive about speaking their minds 82. According to the writer, quarrels between married couples may be_-_-A) physically violent B) extremely lYitter C) essentially trivial D) sincerely regretted 83.wh

54、en quarrelling both children and married couples may, according to the writer A) be particularly brutalB) use politeness as a weaponC) employ skillful manoeuvresD) exaggerate their feelings84. The difference between a quarrel and an argument is said to be thatA) the former involves individual egosB)

55、 the former concerns strong points of viewC) the latter has well-established milesD) the latter concerns trivial issues85. In the passage as a whole, the writer treats quarrelling as if it were A) a military campaign B) a social skillC) a moral evilD) a natural giltPassage Four'I just couldn'

56、;t do it. I don't know what it is. It's not embarrassment. No that's not it. You see, you're putting your head in a noose; that's what it seems to me.' Derek am armed robber with a long record of bank jobs, was talking about hoisting (shop-lifting). 'No I just couldn'

57、t do it. I mean just going in there.' He paused to try to fund a more exact way of fixing; his antipathy. 'I tell you what. It's too blatant for my liking.'It seemed a fanny way to put it. Pushing a couple of ties in your pocket at a shop was hardly the last word in extroversion, and

58、 even a bit on the discreet side when compared to all that firing of shotguns and vaulting over counters which made up the typical bank raid.But my ideas of shop-lifting were still bound up with teenage memories of nicking packets of chewing gum from the local newsagents. A lot of guilt and not much

59、 loot_ After a few conversations with professional holsters, I realised that 'blatant' was just about right.Nobody took a couple of ties they took the whole rack. The fast member of the gang would walk in nice and purposefully. Their job was to set up the goods: perhaps put an elastic bawd round the ends of a few dozen silk scarves; move the valuable pieces of jewellery nearer the edge of the counter; slide the ties on the rack into a compact bunch. Then, wine somebody else diverts the assistant or provides some fort of ma