非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

1、主动被动1 doing用在要求动词后；进行；伴随；性质；特点； 概括；抽象；般3. having done有先后动作表兀成（般用在句首）2. being done正在进行的被动4. having been done用于句首；要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作）5. to do用在要求动词后；目的；将来；具体7. to have done在要求动词后表兀成的动作（般用在句中）6. to be done将来的被动8. to have been done用在要求动词后（有过去时间或 过去动作）9. done被动；完成（一般或普遍时间）一、表格的用法1. doing的用法(1) 在要求动词后(作宾语)：

2、avoid避免appreciate感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit承认advocate提倡/主张 COn Sider 考虑 can't help 不禁 can't Sta nd 受不了 COn template 纟田想 COmPIete 完成 COnfeSS 坦白 dislike 不喜欢，讨厌 deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒 endure忍受excuse借口 escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor造成/偏爱figure描绘

3、/计算hate讨厌imagi ne设想in VOlVe 卷入/包含keep保持 miss令错过 men ti on说至卩/讲至卩mi nd介意Pard On原谅/饶 恕Permit允许POStPOne推迟 PraCtiCe实行/实践PreVent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨 Stand坚持/忍受SUggeSt建议SaVe营救/储蓄tolerate忍受WOrth值得YOU ShOUld try to avoid making mistakes.The book is WOrth readi ng.The b

4、ook deserves readi ng.(2) 表进行Walk ing Orl the grassla nd, I SaW a Sn ake.=Whe n I WaS Walk ing Orl the grassla nd, I SaW a Srl ake.The man SPeak ing En glish is Tom. = The man WhO is SPeak ing En glish is Tom.(3) 表主动The man SPeak ing En glish is TOm = The man WhO SPeakS En glish is Tom.=The man WhO

5、SPOke En glish is Tom.NObOdy dinks boil ing Water but boiled water.= NObOdy dinks Water that is boil ing but the Water that has boiled.(4) 表伴随I Sta nd OUtSide Wait ing for Mr. Chen.I Iie in bed readi ng a no vel.(5) 表性质；特点The film is Very movi ng.She is Un dersta riding, SO you had better CliSCUSS y

6、our bus in ess With her.(6) 概括性，一般性Climb ing mountain is Very in terest ing.DriVing a Car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性，一般性)OUr WOrk is SerVing the PeOPle .(7) 动名词的逻辑主语为；人称代词的所有格+动名词名词'S+ 动名词。例如：TOm insisted On my going With them .他坚持要我和他们一起去。He dislikes his wife's Workinq

7、 Iate 他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晩Q2. being done表示正在进行的被动The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy WhO is being CritiCiZed by Mr. Chen is Tom.Being CritiCiZeCl by Mr. Chen, the boy felt SacI. = When the boy WaS being CritiCiZed by Mr. Chen, he felt SaCI.The buildi ng being built WiIl be the tallest One

8、 in this city.=The buildi ng that is being built WiIl be the tallest One in this city.3. having done有先后动作表完成（一般用在句首）HaVingfinished the class, I Went home. = After I had finished the class, I Went home.HaVing done the work, I had a ShOrt rest. = After I had done the work, I had a ShOrt rest.HaVinq do

9、ne the work, I Went back home.HaVinq been done, the WOrk WaS checked by the leaders.4. having been done用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成，（有过去时间或过去动作）I appreciate having been given the OPPOrtUnity to StUdy abroad two years ago.（要求动词后 ）=I appreciate that I WaS give n the OPPOrt Unity to StUdy abroad two years ago

10、.HaVing bee n give n the OPPOrt Unity to StUdy abroad two years ago, I StiII appreciate your help the n.=BeCaUSe I WaS give n the OPPOrt Unity to StUdy abroad two years ago, I StiIl appreciate your help the nI appreciate havinq been given the OPPOrtUnity to StUdy abroad two years aqo.I enjoy giving

11、the OPPOrt Unity to StUdy abroad to Mr. Wang.I appreciate being given the OPPOrt Unity to StUdy abroad now.HaVing been finished5 the report WaS turned in.= After the report had been finished5 it WaS turned in.5. to do的用法：（1）用在要求动词后：接to do的动词（作宾语）attempt企图afford负担得起arrange安排即Pear似乎，显得ask问agree同意belie

12、ve认为、相信begin开 始beg请 求bother扰舌L/烦恼Care尖心，喜欢ChOOSe选择Claim要求COnSent同意，赞同COntriVe设法，图谋dema nd要求dest ine 注定 determ ine 决定 Clread 害怕 desire 愿望 decide 决定 en able 能够 expect 期望 en deavor 努力 fail 不能 hate 憎 恨/厌恶happen碰巧hesitate犹豫hope希望intend想要incline有倾向IOng渴望IOVe爱Iearn学习mean意欲，打算 Inanage设法Deglect忽视need需要Ornit忽

13、略，漏Offer提供PretenCI假装PIarl计戈U Prefer喜欢/宁愿PrePare准备 PrOfeSS表明PrOmiSe承诺/允许PrOPOSe提议refuse拒绝SWear宣誓Start开 始Seek找/寻觅try试图Undertake承接 VOIUnteer志愿VoW起 WiSh希望 Want想要（2）表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作（做表语）。OUr WOrk is to SerVe the PeOPle .The PerS On to do the job is TOrrL = The PerS On WhO WiIl do the job is Tom.TO do tw

14、o things at a time is to do neither . 一次做两件事等于未做。What I WOUId SUggeSt is to Start WOrk at onee.我的建议是立刻开始下。如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。TO See is to believe.百闻不女一见。TO WOrk means to earn a IiVing 工作就是为了生活。女口果主语是以aim , duty, hope, idea, happ iness, job, Pla n, PrOblem , purpose, thing , WiSh 等为中心的名词，或以

15、What引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。HiS WiSh is to buy a IUXUriOUS Car in the near future 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。The function Of LOUiS SUlIiVan,s architecture WaS to PrOVide Iarge Uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample Iight into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate With them about the

16、 future Of the Plant 省to的动词不定式1 )情态动词(除OUght外，OUght to):2) 使役动词IetS have, make ;在被动语态中则to不能省掉。The boss made them WOrk the WhOle night. = They Were made to WOrk the WhOle night.3) 感官动词 see, WatCh) IOOk at, notice , ObSerVe) hear, IiSten to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略 to。在被动语态中则 to不能省掉。I SaW him dance

17、. = he WaS Seen to dance.注：感官动词还可以接现在分词，表示一个(短暂)动作正在进行;不定式 则表示动作的整个过程。I SaW him dance.(整个跳舞的过程)I SaW him dancing.(我看见他时，他正在跳舞。强调动作正在发生)A COOk WiIl be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.A. SmOkeB. SmOkingC. to SmOkeD. SmOkeClfind sb. doing Sth意为“发现某人正在做某事”。4) 表示个人意愿或倾向的WOUlCl rather 

18、7; had better » might (just) as Well : rather than 置于句首时。Rather than ride On a CrOWded bus, he always PreferS to ride a bike.If you are PIarming to SPend your money having fun this week, better it you, Ve got SOme big billsCOmi ng.A. forgetB. forgotC. forgettingD. to forget5) Why Why not 6) hel

19、p 可带 to,也可不带 to, help Sb (to) do Sth :7) but和except : but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式;是其他动词时，则要带to。He WantS to do nothing but go out.He WantS to believe anything but to take the medicine.8) 不定式做表语时，一般要带to,但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。WefVe missed the IaSt bus. All We COUlel do now is Walk home.9) 通常在 Cli

20、SCOver, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后,可以省去 to be： He is SUPPOSeCl (to be) nice.他应该 是个好人。10) 当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and,but或Or连接时,后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照尖系时,则不能省略。He WantS to move to FranCe and marry the girl.The PUrPOSe Of new tech no IOgieS is to make Iife easier, not to make it more Clifficult

21、.6. to be done将来的被动The WOrk to be finished tomorrow is important.= The WOrk that WiIl be finished tomorrow is important. =The WOrk that is to be done is CliffiCUlt to finish.7 to have done在要求动词后表完成的动作(一般用在句中)Mr. Chen is Said to have done the job. = Mr. Chen is Said that he did the job.ChineSe men

22、9;basketball team is reported to have accepted a good training before the OlymPiC Games.=ChineSe men' basketball team is reported that they accepted a good training before the OlymPiC Games.8. to have been done用在要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作）The job is Saiel to have been done by Mr. Chen. = The job is Said t

23、hat it WaS done by Mr. Chen.9. done被动；完成（一般或普遍时间）Seen from the moon, the earth IOOkS Iike a blue ball.= When it is Seen from the moon, the earth IOOkS Iike a blue ball.The WOrk done is important.= The WOrk that has been done is important=The WOrk that WaS done is importantPeOPle CannOt but feel PUZZ

24、lecl，for they SimPly CannOtUnderstand how he COUlCl have made SUCh a StUPiCl mistake.二、出题形式1空格在句首：（1 ） 句子分前后两部分，后面分句的主语能发出前面的动作，前面空格用主动，否则用被动；（2）be interested in; be faced with; be devoted to; be delighted with; be addicted to; be SeateCl on; be ClreSSed in;（be） USeCl/accustomed to; be armed with; b

25、e inVOlVeCl in; be COnCerneCl about/with; be attached to;等在句首只能用 -ed 形式FaCecl With SO many CliffiCUltieS） I WOrk hard every day.DeVOted to my work; I Care nothing else.2空格在句中：（1 ） 空格前面的名词能发出后面的动作，空格用主动，否则用被动（2）要求动词（后接doing的动词；后接to do的动词）（3）有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别forget to do忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘

26、记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）StOP to do停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事StoP doing停止正在或经常做的事remember to do记住去做某事（未做）remember doing记得做过某事（已做）regret to do对要做的事遗憾regret ClOing对做过的事遗憾、后悔try to do努 力、企图做某事try doing试验、试一试某种办法mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味着go On to do继而（去做另外一件事情）go On doing继续（原先没有做完的事情）PrOPOSe to do打算（要做某事）PrOPOSing

27、 doing 建议（做某事）Iike lovehate Prefer +to do表示具体行为；+doing Sth表示抽象、倾向概念It is + no use, no good （fun, a great PleaSUreJ a WaSte Of time, a bore.） 等名词 +doing sth.It is no USe Crying.哭没有用。lt is no good ObjeCting.反y寸也没有用。It is a great fun PIaying football 打篮球很有趣。It is a WaSte Of time trying to explain 设法解释是

28、浪费时间。It is + USeleSS （nice, good，interesting, expensive 等形容词）+ doing Sth It is USeIeSS SPeaking.光说没用。It is nice Seeing you again .真高兴又遇至 U 了你。It is good Playing CheSS after SUPPer .晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this Car .开这种小车是浪费。3 .空格在句尾：（1 ） 物 + n eed, WantJ deserve, dema nd, require + doing （ =

29、 to be done ）The blackboard needs CleaDing. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned.(2)参考使役动词make; let; get; have的用法Sb(1) makes Sb也前面的人让/叫/使后面的人做某事Mr. Chen makes US do En glish exercise.Sb(1) makes Sbdoing I前面的人让/叫/使后面的人一直做某事(有前提条件，表示抱怨或发牢骚)Mr. Che n is too StriCt On OUr En glish StUdy and he always ma

30、kes US CIOing En glish exercise.Sb(2) is made to do某人被让/叫/使去做某事We are made to do En glish exercise.Sb makes On eself / One ,dope某人让/叫/使自己或自己的话/观点让别人听懂Mr. Che n SPeakS En glish SIOWly in Order to make himself Un derstood in the class.Sb makes Sth done I某人把/让/叫/使某事给别人做I have my hair cut.Sb has done Sth某人已经做完了某事I have CUt my hair.(3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾尖系，不能省去。I need a Pen to Write With .我需要一支笔写字。There is nothing to WOrry about .没有什么值得发愁的。I