新目标大学英语系列教材：综合教程第四册主编刘正光胡志雯

1、v1.0可编辑可修改第一单元Key to ExercisesText AReading Comprehension1. A.The problemThe background Good-looking people have advantages in many ways.What can the rest of us doFormer practiceTo judge our looks101) by ourselves, friends or familya. We' re not even clos e to objective .The author 'or point

2、B.b. Our opinion is alsocapricious .2) by strangers , ., the“Hot or Not " Web siteIt is not exactly the best way toimage.bolster your self-s maAn internal makeover does the job: Understanding your ownpowerful self-perceptions can help you stop obsessing over yourappearance - and look better.Com

3、mon mythsArguments for the author ' s major point1) As a result of tha. Women are particularly susceptible to this effeect. But as a matter of fact they take a double sacontrast Effect” , ou tandard: an idealizedrstandard of beauty in terms of physical attractiveself-concepts are builonthousands

4、 of compariso ns.2) A picture of oursel vesbuilt in childhood ishard to get out of our minds inadulthood.ness; a more mundane standard in terms of intel ligence.b. One who scores high on “public self -conscious ness” judges his or her own appearance more cri tically when self-aware. They tend to com

5、pare t hemselves exclusively with very good-looking peop le - and feel especially down after doing so.a. Our “internal mirrors " are often shaped by our parents.b. There ' s no direct line between childhood exp eriences and adult self-image .C.Once you let go of that self-consciousness, you

6、 can interact without it getting in the way.2. A.2) our opinion of our own looks3) self-appraisal4) self-image5) self-judgment6) self-concept7) self-aware8) self-consciousness9) a picture of ourselvesB.10) a system inside one' s brain that helps gather data for the self- judgment of one ' s

7、appearance.11) It refers to what psychologists call the built-inhot-or-not meter.12) In psychology, it refers to the measures of a personality trait in public.13) the psychological system that tends to overstate orunderstate a particular personality trait.Reading and Discussing3.1) Because the socia

8、l status of women is often contingent upon their faces and bodies, they are particularly susceptible to the acontrast effect ” .2) Yes. With correct understanding of yourself, you know exactly what you really want to do, what you can do, and what level you can reach. With a clear goal,strongdetermin

9、ation and diligence, you will succeed one day.Language in Use4. A.No.NounVerbAdjectiveAdverb1anonymity/anonymousanonymously2liability/liable/3susceptibility/susceptibl esusceptibly4exclusiveness/exclusionexcludeexclusiveexclusively5evolutionevolveevolutionaevolutionariryly/adolescent/ 1/exceptionale

10、xceptionallycontendcontendingcontendinglygleamgleamygleaminglyvalidatevalid/6 adolescence7 exception8 contention9 gleam10 validationB.1) a. exceptionally2) a. anonymous3) a. validate4) a. susceptible5) a. adolescents6) a. gleamed7) a. liable8) a. exclusive5.1) compare withb. exceptionalb. anonymousl

11、yb. validationb. susceptibilityb. Adolescenceb. gleamb. Liabilityb. exclusively2) zero in on3) are fixated on4) get in the way5) in a favorable light6) fix myself up7) A.1) self-discipline2) self-propelled3) self-evident4) self-motivated5) self-assured6) self-employed7) self-critical8) self-destruct

12、9) self-made10) self-centered11) self-abandoned12) self-organizeB.1) self-motivated2) self-perceptions3) self-evident4) self-organize5) self-employed6) self-critical7) self-made8) self-centered9) self-destruct10) self-assured; self-conscious7.1) a. estimateb. appraisec. evaluated.assessed2) a. decla

13、redb. announcedc. broadcast3) a. cancelledb. withdrewc. abolished4） a. stimulate b. motivatedc. activates5） a. synthesize b. combine c. incorporate8.1）即使在同一个晚上，在一个聚会上我们可能感觉自己是 众人瞩目的焦点，但在下一个聚会上也许感觉自己十分卑微。2）这叫内心重塑力：明白自我感受的强大力量，有助于你不因 外表而烦恼一一看上去也就更漂亮。3）这种社会比较不仅仅只是出现在你特意仔细观察路人时，而 是一直在自发地进行着。4）相比而言，男女在评估

14、智商时，都不会拿自己跟爱因斯坦比 较，而倾向采用一个更普通的标准。5）当有这种比较意识时，如在同事面前做一个展示时，人们都会更加苛刻地评判自己的外貌。9.Research has shown that in both sexes and across numerous cultures, especially from adolescence, good-looking people are often evaluated to be ones with exceptionalpersonality traits. Whyshould this be so Somepeople have pe

15、rceived that since it is pleasurable to meet someonewith attractive physical appearance and someonewith good moral character, we automatically mix them up. But this statement does not seem to be objective. The studies by Dr. Sampo Paunonen of the University of Western Ontario reveal that people who

16、were described as being more honest were rated as more likable, and the more likable, the more physically attractive.Text BReading Comprehension 1.Mainidea ofText BTopic of each partFacts or opinionsMental imaging would help you be a winner.Mental imaging helps Garfield succeed.a. Garfield learned a

17、 new way to boost performance in Milan. (F)b. Garfield succeeded with that new way. (F)c. What Garfield did was imaging. (O/F)Paras. 4-8 Successf ul people in many f ields use imaging.a. Ira Sharlip runs a“motion picture " of the procedure in his mind the night before a difficult operation. (F)

18、b. Professional athletes have been visualizing for decades and swearby it. (F)c. Both Bill Bates and golfer Jack Nicklaus practicementally. (F)d. Garfield has conducted research on business leaders' mentalimaging. (F)Paras. 9-15 The way s in which we can p ut this powerful tool to work.a. A deta

19、iled mental image of success is more than ju st wishfulthinking. (F/O)b. Though it helps, imaging isn't a substitute for ac tion but asupplement to it. (F/O)c. There are several ways to put mental imaging to wo rk: to relax, toget in the right mood, to apply it in everyday business concerns, not

20、to expect instant results, and not to fret if your im ages aren't clear.(F/O)The reasonwhy mental rehearsa works is still unclear.Nobody knows precisely why mental rehearsal works, bu t those who put it to use are convinced it does. (F)Language in Use2.1) a. rehearsing2) a. visualization3) a. ig

21、nition4) a. endeavor5) a. initiateb. rehearsalsb. visualizeb. ignitedb. endeavorb. initialv1.0可编辑可修改3.A. 1) abide by2) stand by3) stuck by4) swears byB. 1) put to death2) put to the test3) put to work4) put to use4.1）他说：“每次挥杆前，我都会在头脑中清晰地构想这个过程。2）问题的关键是真正去做一件事。3）加菲尔德说，心像排练最适合应用于电话销售、做演讲、参 与会面等日常业务问题中

22、。4）创意想象一书的作者沙克蒂 ？高文说：“最重要的是让 创意想象成为你生活的一个固定部分。”5）还有，如果意象不清晰，你不要着急。WritingExercise 11) For the past two years, no order has been given to us.2) We are afraid that we cannot comply with your request.iiv1.0可编辑可修改3) Would you please compare our goods with those of other firms4) We hope you will effect a

23、 full statement of our claim.5) We request your immediate payment.6) Wepresume that there must be somereason for your having trouble with this delivery.7) We will be glad to refund when returned items are clean and resalable.8) We would like to make it clear that we only accept L/Cfor further transa

24、ctions.第二单元Listening and Speaking1.About 10,000 years ago, man assumed the 1) habit of living in more or less permanent settlements, and his relationships to the animal world began to undergo 2) profound changes . At the same time, great climatic changes, and perhaps 3) human activities as well, had

25、 reduced manylarger mammalian species, especially those used as food, to very small populations. Major 4) extinction events began to occur. In response to dwindling and unreliable resources, 5)human agriculturaltechnology developed. Humans began to move from hunter/gather mode to a mode of actively

26、6) domesticating plants and animals for food resources. The second great surge in human progress with its ensuing increase in population occurred when man learned how to 7)cultivateplants and tame and domesticate animals at levels that allowed for the development of larger settlements. Human plant g

27、athering activities had led to 8) intimate knowledge of plant productivity cycles, and human hunters undoubtedly had often taken young canine animals into their camps as pets and companions. They would have become 9) familiar with the animal growth and breeding cycles, diseases and behaviors of thes

28、e young animals. The animals would have benefited from the availability of food and shelter. It seems safe to speculate that they would have bonded and grew to be hunting assistants to their 10)human companions as theywould have i n the progenitor ' s pack.2. TipsEndangered animals are animals t

29、hat are in danger of becoming extinct. Animals are identified as being endangered either because there are already too few of them living in the wild, or even in captivity; or because their continued existence is threatened by a changing environment which results in them losing access to adequate fo

30、od or living conditions. The way to understand what is meant by “too few " is that their reproductive rates are lower than their mortality rates.The industrialization of human societies and the globalization of the humanculture have resulted in dramatic environmental changes in the past two cen

31、turies. These changes have been too fast for too many of the earth ' s creatures to survive. Although manyanimals have been endangered through the ages, the threat to animals is greater now than ever before.Text AReading Comprehension1.A.The interviewee ' s pe rsonal informationJane Goodall,

32、 76 years old, is a world- famous primatologist.Her researchShe studies animal behavior and animal emotions among the wild chimpanz ees.Her major achievemen :She revolutionized our understanding of animal behavior and proved that the difference between humans and apes is one of degree, not of kind.T

33、he subject of the i nterviewHer research on wild chimpanzees.B.ParagraphsFocuses of the interviewKey points of Jane Goodwill ' s responsesParas. 6-13The purpose:to preserve the endangered speciesThe methods:1) captive breeding2) actions of the animal rights group of PETA1) She doesn't like c

34、aptive breeding, but it doeshelp the endangered animalssurvive and breed in the wild.2) She doesn ' t support theextreme actionsof PParagraphsFocuses of the interviewKey points of Jane Goodwill ' s responses3) vegetarianismETA.3) Heavy meat eating is damaging tothe environment and human heal

35、th .Paras. 4-5, 14-15Her new discoveries aboutthe wild chimpanzeesDifferences between human beings and chimpanzees:1) Very small difference (biologically): only about a 1 percent difference in DNA;2) Big difference (intellectually): human'sspoken language , which triggers the development of in t

36、ellect, a unique ability todiscuss and share our feelings, the ability that enables us to d evelop a moral code .Similarities between human beings and chimpanzees:1) From the anatomical perspective:Almost the same , though the human brain is bigge r.2) From the psychological perspective:Chimpanzees

37、share the humana. qualities likelove, compassion , and altruism;b. feelings and emotionslike happiness and sadness, fear and despair, anger, and others;3) From the intellectual perspective:Chimpanzees have intellectual abilities once thought to be unique to human beings:understand abstract symbols,

38、generalize, and learn sigh language.Paras. 16-19The current situation1) The situation of the planet is worse off in most ways because of thesoaring populationand damage to the ecosystem .2) A number of men express their love and respectto her for her work with the chimpanzees.Paras. 20-21The prospec

39、ts of the futuThere is hope if wekeep trying .ParagraphsFocuses of the interviewKey points of Jane Goodwill ' s responsesre2.1) animal behavior2) an interview3) characteristics4) qualities5) emotions6) spoken language7) degree8) captive breeding9) survive and breed10) ecosystem11) pioneering12)

40、worse offReading and Discussing3.For reference1) Because they are not capable of evil, such as deliberate torture. They do not have the intellect to think this way.2) Open-ended.Language in Use4.1) triggers2) isolation3) compassion4) diminish5) extinct6) formulated7) Captive8) inflicting9) intellect

41、10) alternates5.1) in favour of2) The bottom line3) better off4) as is the case with5) on the road6) as a last resort7) worse off8) think twice6.1) a resentment against her parents2) get more laughter3) torture on him4) the evolution of dozens of species5) The charge of rape6) got the first place7.1

42、) a. deadb. vanishedc. extinct2) a. intenseb. concentratedc. Intensive3) a. brilliantb. intelligentc. smart4) a. exactb. precisec. accurate8.Reference translation1)如果我们相信人类和黑猩猩源自共同的祖先，那么，人性的阴暗和高贵这两 种特质可能都是经过漫长历史演化而来的。2)在我看来，他们的这种极端态度已不能奏效，同时还败坏了包括我在内的动 物保护者的名声。3)当生态系统里的某个物种消失了，如臭虫，而结果它又是另一种生物的主要 食物来

43、源。4)它们或多或少知道正在给他人带来痛苦。但我认为只有人类具有作恶的能力, 例如使用酷刑。黑猩猩没有这样的思维能力。5)是的，我对未来充满希望，但是一一而且是一个很大的“但是”一一只有当 我们每个人都付出努力。只有当人类意识到我们每个人每天都在对地球产生影 响。9.Reference translationJane Goodall began studying the chimpanzee community in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, in 1960. Without professional training to direct he

44、r research, Goodall observed things that strict scientific doctrines may have overlooked. Instead of numbering the chimpanzees she observed, she gave them names such as Fifi and David Greybeard, and found they had unique and individual personalities. Goodall ' s research at GombeStream is best k

45、nown to the scientific community for challenging two long-standing beliefs of the day: that only humanscould makeand use tools, and that chimpanzees were vegetarians.Text BReading Comprehension1.1) spreading the word about “the crisis facing these social, sensitive, passionately intense, playful, co

46、mplex, exceedingly intelligent and endangered creatures ”2) their sizes and species3) they are quite consciously together, each pacing herself to theother ' s gait and waiting for the other to catch up4) stood vigil outside the building, knowing that her friend was inside5) saw past the things t

47、hey didn ' t have in commonand found in each other common ground enoughLanguage in Use2.1) paradise; venue2) circuses; overwhelming3) shepherd; stray4) companionship; companion5) chronically; chronic6) refugees; refuge7) resumed; resumption8) immobile; mobility3.1) has been held in high regard2)

48、 pay tribute to3) come into possession4) have in common5) made its appearance4.Reference translation霍恩沃尔德位于纳什维尔(田纳西州首府)以南，这片区域广阔无垠，有森林和湖泊。大象保护区就坐落在这片乡村乐园中，1995年建立，面积为2700英亩， 为大象提供了天然栖息的庇护所。 在这片保护区中，“年老、体弱以及需要帮助 的大象能够再一次有尊严、安详地生活着”。保护区的第二要务就是要让人知道“这些友好、敏感、情感炽烈、调皮、复杂而又极聪明的濒危生物正面临着一场 劫难”。WritingExercis

49、e 11. The report analyzed the new product.2. At your request, we sent you three catalogues by express yesterday.3. Thank you for your new order last week.4. He returned in early August.5. Mr. Smith prefers French wines.6. We drove down Lombard Street, the crookedest street in the world.7. A giant pi

50、ne tree on the top of the mountain towered over the trees around it.8. Please reply by email immediately if you will allow us to delay theshipment for 20 days.331.Topic: organic architectureOrigin of organic architectureo inspired by the non-linearity and creative forcesof nature and biological orga

51、nisms;o started out of Wright ' s belief about the relatio nship between a product and its place, its time, its environment and its function: a cohesive organism.Philosophy of orga nic architectureMain features of o rganic architecturpromotes harmony between human habitation and the natural worl

52、d through design approaches.o suggesting natural forms characterized by wavy lines and curved shapes第三单元Text AReading Comprehensioneo embodying harmony of place, person and materialso reflecting the feminine way of thinking prevalentin very old traditions o incorporating natural elements such as lig

53、ht, pla nts, and water into his designs o embracing new materials, machinery, and technolog iesSummary:Although always controversial and difficult to pin down, organi c architecture is diverse, perverse, contradictory and mercuria l, rooted in a passion for life, nature, and natural forms, ful l of

54、the vitality of the natural world, with its biological for ms and processes sympathetic to the human body, mind, and spiri t.2.1) the early twentieth century; swooping arches without visible beams or pillars; to new heights2) reflected; Earth Mother goddess cults3) reflection; gives preference4) all

55、ies; in opposition to; integrity5) recognizable; representative6) modern; traditional; rediscoveringofspeec hNounVerbAdjectiveAdverb1literalness/literalliterally2incorporationincorporateincorporated/3correlationcorrelatecorrelated/4cohesioncoherecohesivecohesively5complementcomplementcomplementary complementarily6dominancedominatedominantdominantly7prevalenceprevailprevalentprevalently8manifestmanifestmanifestmanifestly9masculinemasculinizemasculine/10ideologyideologizeideologicalideologicallyB.o 1) manifestedo 2) complementedo 3) prevalento 4) cohesiveo 5) correlate