英语：Unit1Alandofdiversity知识讲解话题语言应用__多元文化的美国（人教版选修8）

1、话题语言应用多元文化的美国语言积累交际用语1鼓励别人说话Cool太好了！ Good好！ Really/ Indeed? 真的吗？/哦？真的？Yes，thats right对。Lucky you! 你真幸运！Mmm，sounds interesting嗯，有意思。That surprises me真让我吃惊。That me没让我吃惊。 Such as? 例如？Give an example举个例子。Is that so? 是那样吗？ Oh I see噢，我明白了。Sounds great! 听起来不错呀！Ah ha! 啊哈！ Gosh，George! 哎呀，乔治！And what about.?

2、 .怎么样呢？注意：1. sound 在此处是系动词，表示“听起来”，后接形容词作表语。2. 动词surprise意思是“使（某人）吃惊”，surprising表示“令人惊讶的”，表示事物的性质和特点；surprised表示“感到惊讶的”，表示人的感觉。3. what about也可用how about，接动词时要用动词-ing形式。2方向和位置on the east / west coast 在东/西海岸 to the north / south of USA 在美国以北/南along the northwest coast of 沿西北海岸 from the west to the eas

3、t coast 从西海岸到东海岸in southern China 在中国南部 in San Francisco Bay 在圣弗朗西斯科湾in southeastern part of California 在加利福尼亚东南部 around the state of California 环加利福尼亚州near the beach / coast 海滨附近 in the central part 在中心区go further southeast 深入东南部 in South America 在南美洲on the Mississippi River 在密西西比河上 not far from th

4、e Gulf of Mexico 离墨西哥湾不远话题语句（1）1美国地理概况Ocean on the east/ west coast：Atlantic Ocean/ Pacific Ocean 东/西海岸：大西洋/太平洋Country to the north/ south of USA： Canada/ Mexico 美国以北/南：加拿大/墨西哥Mountains range in the west：Rocky Mountains 西部山脉：落基山脉Great Lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario五大湖：苏必利尔湖、密歇根湖、

5、休伦湖、伊利湖和安大略湖Longest river in the USA: Mississippi River 美国最长的河流：密西西比河2. Important cities 重要城市New York (Big Apple) 纽约 Los Angeles 洛杉矶 San Francisco 旧金山 Chicago 芝加哥 New Orleans 新奥尔良 Boston 波士顿 Washington D.C.（capital of the USA）华盛顿特区（美国首都）3. Nicknames for some of 50 states of the USA美国部分州郡的别名加利福尼亚(Cal

6、ifornia): 黄金州(Golden State)阿拉斯加(Alaska): 午夜出太阳之乡(Land of Midnight Sun)；最后的边疆(the Last Frontier)；半岛州(Peninsula State)宾夕法尼亚(Pennsylvania): 基石州(Keystone State)得克萨斯(Texas): 孤星州(Lone Star State)佛罗里达(Florida): 阳光州(Sunshine State)弗吉尼亚(Virginia): 总统的母亲(Mother of Presidents)；骑兵州(Cavalier State)；华盛顿(Washingto

7、n): 奇努克州(Chinook State)；常青州(Evergreen State)肯塔基(Kentucky): 六月禾州(Bluegrass State)密苏里(Missouri): 别哄我州(Show-Me State)密执安(Michigan): 貂熊州(Wolverine State)纽约(New York): 帝国州(Empire State)夏威夷(Hawaii): 太平洋上的天堂(Paradise of Pacific)；阿洛哈州(Aloha State)新泽西(New Jersey): 花园州(Garden State)话题语句（2）1. About California加

8、州简介Lying on the Pacific Ocean, California is on the west coast of the United States, which is diverse in topography(地形), climate and ecological environment. It has an area of 411 square kilometers, and it is one of the US states of the largest population, with the most developed economy. Meanwhile,

9、its pleasant weather, long beaches, and graceful natural landscape make the tourism prosperous (繁荣的). Its capital Los Angeles is Californias largest and the nations second largest city.要点提示：lie (lying) 位于 diverse 多种多样的 ecological 生态的 graceful 优美的landscape 风景2. Immigrants移民Native Americans 美洲土著人 Indi

10、ans 印第安人 the Spanish 西班牙人 Russians 俄罗斯人 gold miners 金矿工 Italians 意大利人 the Danish丹麦人（Denmark丹麦）Jewish 犹太人Cambodians 柬埔寨人Koreans 韩国/朝鲜人（Korea 韩国，朝鲜） Vietnamese 越南人Pakistanis 巴基斯坦人 Europeans 欧洲人1) Native American Indians one of the first people to live in California.2) Gold miners the discovery of gold

11、 in California created a gold rush which brought people from all over the world to California.3) Chinatown, San Francisco Many Chinese have settled in California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco.3. Why is California such a multicultural community?The state of California is a multi

12、cultural community because European, African and Asian people have been immigrating to the state for the last 200 years. Before their arrival, Native American people had lived there for thousands of years. People from all over the world are still coming to settle in California because of its good cl

13、imate and the lifestyle it offers. It is this mix of peoples with their own customs, culture and food that have given California its multicultural flavor (特色). Problems that might arise include intercultural conflict or competition, discrimination or misunderstanding. It is to the credit of Californ

14、ians that such problems do not arise very often. 要点提示：intercultural conflict 不同文化间的冲突 discrimination 歧视 to the credit 值得赞扬，为某人增光4. About travellinggo straight to hotel and drop luggage, then go exploring 径直去了旅馆，放下行李，然后去观光ride on a cable car 坐缆车visit Fishermans Wharf/ the prison 游览渔人码头/监狱team up with

15、 a couple from hotel and hire a car 同旅馆里的一对夫妻作伴，一起租了一辆小汽车spend all day driving around the city 一整天驱车游览城市take ferry to Angel Island 坐渡船去了天使岛have a good view of Golden Gate Bridge 观赏了金门大桥admire the view of the city from different angles 从不同角度欣赏城市风景have a really good idea of what the citys like 对城市的面貌有

16、了一个好的了解share the cost 分担费用enjoy being in the company of other tourists 喜欢别的游客的陪伴话题语句（3）【高清课堂：Living well 语言应用】A Brief History of U.S. ImmigrationThe United States was created by successive (连续的) waves of immigration from all corners of the globe.  But public and political attitudes towards immi

17、grants have always been contradictory and sometimes hostile（敌对的）. The early immigrants to colonial（殖民地的）Americafrom England, France, Germany, and other countries in northwestern Europecame in search of economic opportunity and political freedom, yet they often relied upon the labor of African s

18、laves working the land taken from Native Americans.  The descendants (后代) of these first European immigrants sometimes viewed as “racially” and religiously suspect the European immigrants who came to the United States in the late 1800s from Italy, Poland, Russia, and elsewhere in southeastern E

19、urope. The descendants of these immigrants, in turn, have often taken a dim view of (对不以为然) the growing numbers of Latin American, Asian, and African immigrants who began to arrive in the second half of the 20th century. 要点提示：contradictory矛盾的（contradict 反驳，与.抵触） in search of 寻找 view. as 认为

20、.是 suspect adj. 令人怀疑的 Poland 波兰 in turn 轮流地，转而句的谓语动词是viewed，宾语是the European immigrants who.Today, Just about every family in the United States has at least one member, now or in the past, who came from another country. Even American Indians may have immigrant ancestors through marriage. The United S

21、tates is one of the few industrial countries with a growing population. The main reason is immigration. Today America has just over three hundred million people. A new report says if current growth rates continue, the nation will have four hundred thirty-eight million in two thousand fifty.Now immig

22、rants are moving beyond big states like California, Texas or New York. They are settling all across the country, in big cities as well as small towns. These new residents are bringing cultural changes to many areas. Some of these changes are welcome, others are not. American immigration history pres

23、ents a pattern of history repeating itself. Hard times or conflict in other countries lead people to seek a better life in America. When groups of Americans begin to feel threatened, the federal government moves to restrict immigration. 要点提示：ancestors祖先 current growth rate 现在的增长率 two thousand fifty

24、2050年resident 定居的；居民 beyond 超出 threaten 威胁 restrict 限制Chinese Exclusion Act 排华法案The first restrictive immigration laws were directed against Asian countries. The first law was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. This law essentially prohibited the immigration of Chinese citizens and it stayed in effe

25、ct until it was removed during World War II. In 1907, Japanese immigration was substantially (大体上) reduced through a Gentlemens Agreement between Japan and the United States. It is noteworthy (值得注意的) that the Chinese Exclusion Act also prohibited the immigration of “convicts (罪犯), lunatics (疯子), idi

26、ots” and those individuals who might need to be supported by government assistance. 要点提示：prohibit 禁止 citizen 公民，国民 in effect 在实施中，有效 话题语句（4）有用的句子- 试试你会了吗？1. 如果你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。 This _ is not surprising when you know the history of California.2. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美

27、洲。 Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America _ _ a land bridge which _.3. 两个世纪后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。 Two _ later, the Spanish had _ most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of _ we call the United States.4. 在19世纪

28、初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。 _, Russian hunters, who had _ gone to Alaska, began settling in California.5.许多人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生。 Some died or returned home, but most _ in California to _ for themselves _.6. 世界各地的人，由于受气候条件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。 People from different parts of the w

29、orld, _ the climate and the _, still _ to California.7. 人们认为，用不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。It _ before long the _ will be so great that there will be no _ _ or cultural groups, but simply a _ and cultures.8. 有一条专为游客选定的有趣的驾车游路线。 Theres a _ for tourists.9. 这是一次往返79千米的旅行，它涵盖了所

30、有著名的旅游景点。 Its a 79 km _ that _ all the famous _.10. 从1882年至1940年，天使岛成为一个著名的移民站，许多中国人在那儿申请美国居住权。 From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous _ station _ many Chinese people _ live in the USA.11. 悲惨的境遇对他们来说似乎是一种惩罚而谈不上公正和自由。 Their _ stay seemed to be punishment _ and freedom to them.12. 1940年民政部门改革了制度，

31、使得更多的中国人能够得到机会定居美国。 In 1940 the _ so that many more Chinese people were able to _ _ settling in the USA.参考答案：1. diversity of culture2. by means of; existed in prehistoric times3. centuries; settled in; what4. In the early 1800s; originally5. remained; make a life; despite great hardship6. attracted

32、by; lifestyle; immigrate7. is believed that; mix of nationalities; distinct major racial; mixture of many races8. fascinating drive marked out 9. round-trip; takes in; tourist spots10. immigration; where; applied for right to11. miserable; rather than justice12. civil authorities reformed the system

33、; grasp the opportunity of 写作运用景点旅游描述描述一个地方，就是要把这个地方的地理位置、历史、人口、风俗及（历史）地位等方面展示给读者，使读者对所描述的地方有一个全面的了解。1. 明确短文的类型：游记通常为记叙文，常用一般现在时和过去时。2. 明确主题：简单介绍目的地名称、地点、天气、最有特色之处及旅行中的特色活动、人文知识等。3. 景点的具体旅游项目。典型词句：位置：be located in; be situated in There stands / lieslies on the (eastern) coast oflie in / to / on / of

34、f the east of注意：1）in 在某个范围之内 2）to 在某个范围之外 3）on表示“接壤、毗邻”4）off表示“离一些距离或离不远的海上”人口：have/with a population of.the population of is percent of the population are面积：cover/have/with an area of.take upthe area/size of is组成：be made up of / consist of环境：with green hills and beautiful rivers be surrounded by gr

35、een trees and beautiful flowers气候：neither too cold nor too hot the climate varies from place to place enjoy a warm and wet climate特色：be famous/well-known/ distinguished for. have the distinction of the special character of the place is is home to名胜景观：a place with many tourist attractionsplaces of in

36、terest/scenic spotshave/get a good/fantastic view of 写作范文Example 1假如你是李华。你前几天和父母一起去北京旅游了。请你给你的美国朋友马克写一封电子邮件介绍一下这次旅游。要点如下：1. 参观了许多景点，如故宫、长城、鸟巢、水立方等；2. 简要介绍其中的两处景点。参考范文：Dear Mark,I went on a trip to Beijing with my parents recently. It was great! We visited many places of interest, such as the Palace Museum, the Great Wall, the Birds Nest, the Water Cube, and so on. They made me proud to be a Chinese.In particular, I want to tell you about the Palace Museum and the Great Wall. They were built in ancient times. The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City. There are many antiques in the