2017人教版八年级英语上册期末复习知识点总结

1、Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?A.短语与固定搭配go on vacation去度假 be on vacation 度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营 bye for now再见quite a few相当多 study for为而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间 long time no see好久不见 along the way沿途 another

2、two hours=two more hours另外两小时taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 keep a diary 记日记 go shopping去购物 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走 because of因为one bowl of 一碗 the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on继续take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出来复合不定代词somebody = so

3、meone某人 something 某物，某事 anybody = anyone任何人 anything什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物nobody = no one没有人，不重要的人 nothing没有东西，什么也没有;不重要的人或事everybody = everyone每人,人人,所有人 everything每一个事物，一切词组：for nothing(徒劳，没有好结果，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，Its nothing. (不用谢，不必在意) anybody else(别人)复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语和表语Everything is made o

4、f elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。X|k |B| 1 . c|O |m·I have nothing to say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。·Thats nothing.没什么。（1）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（2）something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（肯定句）Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。 （肯定句）Has an

5、ything happened ？出什么事了吗？ （疑问句）We cant decide anything now.我们现在不能作什么决定。 （否定句）If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。（条件状语从句）（3）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，形容词或不定式等其他定语则须放在它们的后面。 There is nothing wrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。（形容词）This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。（形容词)（4）除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，即everyone、eve

6、rybody、someone，somebody都有所有格形式；当其后有else时，s要加在else后面。如： That must be somebody elses coat; it isnt mine. 那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。 （5）everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody, 只指人，不能与of短语连用；every one, any one可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。·如：Is anybody here? 有人吗？You can take any one of these. 你可以随便拿一个。（6）与some-，any-构成的复合不定

7、代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，notany-构成完全否定，与some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中【巧记复合代词分合】：分合皆能单独用，后加of合不成。【巧学不定代词】：不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。take带来 bring带走feel like给的感觉；感受到feel like doing sth buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来look+adj. 看起来smell 闻起来 sound 听起来 feel 感觉起来fee

8、d喂养 feed sb/sth with sth 用某物喂某人 feed sth to sb/sth或sb/sth on sth用某物喂某人/物nothingbut 意为除了之外什么都没有nothing to do.but do sth/nothing but do sth arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 意为到达某地try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事/dislike doing

9、sth. 不喜欢做某事want to do sth.想去做某事/start doing sth.开始做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事/stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事/keep on doing sth. 反复做某事Why not do. sth.?为什么不做呢？so+adj.+that从句 意为如此以至于 it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做怎么样tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事/ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（

10、不要）做某事want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人（不要）做某事1. seem + 形容词 看起来.·seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 ·seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. ·seem like .好像，似乎. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事·decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，（=begin）但以下几种情况不能用begin·创办，开办： He started a new

11、shop last month.·机器开动： I cant start my car.·出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more than·在之上，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.·超过： I hear the news over the radio. ·遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数&

12、#183;too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 ·much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 7. because of和because ·because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。·because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。8. most的用法·形容词意为大多数的·代词意为大多数 most+n=most of the+n：大多数Unit2 How often do you exercise?A.短语与固定搭配help with housework帮助做家务 on

13、 weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 how come? 怎么会 be good for对有

14、好处 sb. spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光be bad for对有坏处 sb. spend time / money on sth.在某方面花费时间/金钱be good with与友好相处 sb. spend time /money in doing sth.在做某事上花费时间/金钱be good at sth./ doing sth 擅长某事/做某事be friendly with sb. 与某人友好相处be friendly to sb. 对某人友好be kind to sb. 对某人友好go camping去野营notat all一点儿也不 in ones f

15、ree time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的such as比如；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医morn than多于；超过 less than少于help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about? .怎么样？/ 好不好？want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ 有多少?主语+find+that从句. 发现 Its+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的的。 ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 as

16、k sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事by doing sth. 通过做某事 Whats your favorite?你最喜爱的是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 Whichdo you like best? 你最喜欢B词语辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。新 课 标 第 一 网How long d

17、oes it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how for 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.1. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. ·be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time. ·还可作“免费的、自由的”be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。2. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独

18、使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。3. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed和go to sleep·go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。·go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she wen

19、t to sleep soon.5. find·find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ·find + 宾语 + 形容词 发现·find + 宾语 + 现在分词 发现 6. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.7. more than 超过，多于， 相当于 over.在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组

20、为：less than.9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。 ·be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。·Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： Im afraid I have to go now.·be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：·sometimes 频度副词，用how often提问

21、3;sometime 副词，某个时候 。用when.提问·some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，提问时用how many times.·some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，提问时用 How long.Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.A.重点句型Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.Thats Tara, isnt it?Are you as friendly as

22、your sister?Im shy so its not easy for me to make friends.B.短语与固定搭配more outgoing更外向 asas与一样 the singing competition唱歌比赛be similar to与相像的/类似的 be the same as和相同；与一致 be different from与不同care about关心；介意 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾be like a mirror像一面镜子 the most important最重要的as long as只要；既然 bring out使显现

23、；使表现出 get better grades取得更好的成绩reach for伸手取 in fact事实上；实际上 make friends交朋友 the other其他的touch ones heart感动某人 be talented in music有音乐天赋be good at擅长 be good with善于与相处have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 be good at doing sth擅长做某事 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事want to do sth.想要做某事 as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与一样 Its+ adj.+for sb.

24、to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事的。词语辨析：laugh v. & n. 笑（与at连用）嘲笑 Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = although. 注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后不能使用but·though adv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。C.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：·原级（不作比较），修饰词very,so,to

25、o,pretty,really；·比较级，表示“较”或“更”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词than,A or B/of the two, 修饰词much,a lot,a little；·最高级，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化： 构 成 方 法 原 级 比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-esthighshorthighershorter highestshortest以字母e词尾的词，加-r或-stlatefine

26、laterfinest latestfinest重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotbigthinfathotterbiggerthinnerfatterhottestbiggestthinnestfattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加-er或-est funnyeasyearlyfunniereasierearlierfunniesteasiestearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mostbeautifulathleticoutgoingmore beautifulmore athleticm

27、ore outgoingmost beautifulmost athleticmost outgoing形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化： 原 级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther（更远） further（更深远） farthest(最远) furthest（最深远）As+(原级)+as与一样 not as/soas不如Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter th

28、an Lucy.Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?A.重点句型1. It has the biggest screens.2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3. How do you like it so far? 4. Thanks forget telling me.5. Can I ask you some questions?B.短语与固定搭配movie theater电影院 close to离近 clothes store服装店 in town在镇上so far到目前为止 10 minutes b

29、y bus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程 talent show才艺表演in common共同；共有 around the world世界各地；全世界 more and more越来越and so on等等 all kinds of各种各样的 be up to是的职责；由决定not everybody并不是每个人 make up编造（故事、谎言等） play a role in在方面发挥作用/有影响for example例如 takeseriously认真对待 give sb. sth.给某人某物come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到Can I ask you some?我能问你一些吗？How

30、do you like?你认为怎么样？Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。What do you think of?你认为怎么样?much+ adj./adv.的比较级 得多watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色one of+可数名词的复数 之一C.形容词和副词的最高级一般变化规律比较级变化，一般词尾加-er， 最高级变化，词尾加上-est，词尾若是哑音e, 直接加r就可以， 词尾若是哑音e, 直接加上-st，辅音字母加y, 记得把y变i加-er, 辅音字母加y, y变

31、i再加-est,一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-er， 一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-est，形副音节123，比较等级more在前。 形副单词多音节，最高级前the most。1.表示由动词加-ing或-ed构成的形容词。2.表示由形容词加后缀-ly构成的副词。3.表示部分双音节及多音节词。tall- taller short- shorter long- longer fat- fatter heavy- heavier thin - thinner cute - cuter clever- clevereststrict - stricter kind - kind

32、er nice - nicer calm - calmer wild - wilder smart - smarter quiet - quieter loud-louder shy - shier lovely - lovelier pretty- prettier ugly-uglier w W w . x K b 1 .c o Mfunny - funnier friendly -friendlier / less friendlyhappy-happier lazy - lazierpopular - more popular outgoing

33、more outgoing talented - more talented serious more/less serious active - more active athletic -more athletichandsome -more handsome beautiful - more beautiful hardworking more/ less hardworking ( jump) high - higher ( run ) fast - faster ( work ) hard - harder ( get up ) early -

34、 earlier ( sing ) well - sing better late - later( dance ) well - dance better( play basketball ) well - (play basketball ) betterbe good at - be better at ( feel )good - ( feel )better(sing) clearly - (sing) more clearly (speak) loudly - (speak) more loudlycalmly - more calmly wildly - more wildly

35、quietly - more quietly seriously -more seriouslyactively - more actively Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?A.短语与固定搭配think of认为 learn from从获得；向学习 find out查明；弄清楚 talk show谈话节目game show游戏节目 soap opera肥皂剧 go on发生 watch a movie看电影 a pair of一双；一对try ones best尽某人最大努力 as famous as与一样有名 have a

36、 discussion about就讨论one day有一天 such as例如 dress up打扮；梳理 take sb.s place代替；替换do a good job干得好 something enjoyable令人愉快的东西 interesting information有趣的资料one of之一 look like看起来像 around the world全世界 a symbol of的象征let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect

37、to do sth.盼望做某事 How about doing?做怎么样？be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try ones best to do sth.尽力做某事B.词语用法：1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析·the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.There are

38、forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.·the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me. Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids (any other k

39、id) in my class.·other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.·others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.·another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one. 2.fin

40、d out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 3.go on和happen·happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。·Sth + happens to sb. 某事发生在某人身上·Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事·happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧”.·Sb + happens to do sth.·go on 发生，与 take place 同义新|课 |标|第 |一| 网* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然

41、性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：Great changes have taken place in China.翻译：一小时前发生了什么？ ？1.expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：·expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计可能发生。Im expecting Li Lins letter.·expect to do sth. 预计做某事Lily expects to come back next week.·expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事I expect my mother t

42、o come back early.·expect + 从句 预计I expected that Ill come back next Monday.7. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。 He is a serious man.·be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真 _Hes serious about selling his house.·

43、take sth. seriously 认真对待某事 动词不定式做宾语Unit6 Im going to study computer science.A.短语与固定搭配grow up成长；长大 every day每天 be sure about对有把握 make sure确信；务必sendto把送到 be able to能 the meaning of的意思 different kinds of不同种类的write down写下；记下 have to do with关于；与有关系 take up开始做；学着做hardly ever几乎不；很少 tooto太而不能/太以至于不能be going

44、 to+动词原形 打算做某事 practice doing练习做某事 keep on doing sth.不断地做某事learn to do sth.学会做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事 promise to do sth.许诺去做某事help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 remember to do sth.记住做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事love to do sth.喜爱做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 B.词语用法： 1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：·promise to do sth.

45、 _My mother promised to buy a piano for me.·promise sb. sth. _ My aunt promised me a bike.·promise + that 从句_ Tom promises that he can return on mise n. 允诺， 诺言 make a promiseLily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.2.when 与 while 的区别：·when 表示“当时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，whe

46、n 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.·while 表示“当时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生， while 还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.Tom is strong while his younger brother is week. 3. practice vt. 练习， 后接名词，代词或

47、v-ing 作宾语。Your elder sister is practicing playing the guitar in the room.4. everyday 与 every day 区别everyday adj. 每天的 在句中作定语，位于名词前。 This is our everyday homework.every day 副词短语， 在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day. 5.be going to 的用法·be going to + 动词原形表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year

48、等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。肯定句： 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他 He is going to take the bus there.否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 Im not going to see my friends this weekend.·一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be. 否定回答： No,

49、 主语 + be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他+？· 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点We are going to Beijing for a holiday.· 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。The bus is coming. My aunt is leaving for Beijin

50、g next week.4. be going to 与 will 的区别：· 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者缩略式wont, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they wont.·will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。 I believe Lucy will

51、 be a great doctor.· 陈述将来的某个事实用will. I will ten years old next year.·表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will.Im tired I will go to bed. · 表示意愿用will.Ill tell you the truth.· 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.Im going to buy a computer this month.-Lets discuss the plan, shall we? -Not now. I _ to an

52、 interview.A. go B. went C. am going D. was going -Jack is busy packing luggage. -Yes. He _for America on vacation.A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has been awayUnit 7 Will people have robots?A.短语与固定搭配新|课 |标|第 |一| 网on computers on paper live to be 200 years old free timebe in danger on the earth p

53、lay a part in sth/doing sth live on a space station look for computer programmer in the future huandreds of the sameas over and over again get bored wake up look like = be like 像 fall downB.词语用法：will + 动词原形 将要做某事 have to do sth 不得不做某事 fewer/more + 可数名词复数 更少/更多 less/more + 不可数名词 更少/更多 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 try to do sth. 尽力做某事disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见 try doing sth. 尝试做某事such + 名词（词组） 如此 play a part in doing sth 参