大学英语教案

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Less is moreMain ContentPassage A Achieving sustainable environmentalismPassage B What nature is telling you? TeachingObjectivesKnowledgeObjectivesTo enlarge your vocabulary by learning the key words, esp. active words;To master key phrases and expressions;To talk about environmental is

2、suesAbility ObjectivesTo master the argumentative essay writing skill.EmotionObjectivesThe unit can help students to become aware of the importance of environmental protection, develop their environmental awareness and make contribution to the sustainable development.Key PointsHelping students to se

3、e how an argumentation is organized in the text. Difficult PointsTopic understanding and content understanding of the texts;To master the reading technique: reading between the lines. Teaching MethodsTask-based teaching in while-teaching procedure;Group discussion in while-teaching procedure;Time Al

4、lotment 1st-2nd periodsWarming-up, global reading & vocabulary3rd -4th periodsText analysis (key language points & structure)& exercises 5th -6th periodsExercises in Passage A, oral practice & Passage B Teaching ProcedureStep 1: Pre-reading activitiesStep 2: While-reading activitiesS

5、tep 3: Post-reading activitiesStep 4: AssignmentUnit 4 Section A Achieving sustainable environmentalismStep 1 Pre-reading activities 1. Warming-up activities (1) Ask students to work in pairs, and discuss the following questions, and then share their answers with the whole class.What do the followin

6、g pictures remind you of in terms of the environmental issues?What do you think of the relationship between man and nature? (2) Since it is a consensus around the world that it is high time to take immediate actions to protect the environment now, in your opinion, what policy should human beings sho

7、uld take to revert the worsening environmental situation as soon as possible? Share your opinions. 2. Background information (1) EnvironmentalismEnvironmentalism refers to the concern about the environment, or the consciousness about the intricate human-nature relation, which mainly advocates the pr

8、eservation, restoration and / or improvement of the natural environment by social and political movements. (2) Protagoras Protagoras is a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and one of the several fifth century B.C. Greek thinkers collectively known as the Older Sophists (诡辩家).Protagoras is known primari

9、ly for three claims: 1) Man is the measure of all things; 2) He could make the worse (or weaker) argument appear the better (or stronger); 3) One could not tell if the gods existed or not. (3) Arctic National Wildlife RefugeIt is a national wildlife refuge in northeastern Alaska, United States, and

10、the largest protected wilderness region in the country. The refuge supports a wide variety of plant and animal life including caribou, polar bears, grizzly bears, wolves, migratory birds, fish, dense shrubs, and rare groves of poplar trees .Step 2 While-reading activities 1. Structure analysis Part

11、I: Introduction (Paras.1-3): Two questions are raised to show that people have conflicting ideas about environmental protection. The introduction paves the way for the author's central argument. (Para. 1) Part II: Body. The author establishes and validates his criterion for making environmental

12、choices by providing explanations and presenting a rebuttal to a counter-argument. (Paras. 5-9)Section 1: The author tries to establish a rule for people to follow when they make environmental choices. The author defines environmental luxuries and environmental necessities (Para. 2)The author gives

13、examples "combating ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect to explain what he sees as an environmental necessity. (Paras, 3-4)A rule for making environmental choices is presented. The author calls it a sane environmentalism, which advocates the priority of human interests over those of natur

14、e. This is also the authors central argument in the article. (Para.5) Section 2: The author rebuts a different rule, one which he calls a sentimental environmentalism, which he says is characterized by excessive earth worship. The author reviews a different rule, one which he calls a sentimental env

15、ironmentalism. (Para. 6).The author cites the debate about whether to drill for oil in ANWR to rebut the sentimental environmentalism and justify his own argument. (Paras. 7-9). The author cites the debate about preserving the spotted owl in Oregon vs. protecting the livelihood of the logging famili

16、es to rebut the sentimental environmentalism and justify his own argument. (Paras. 10)Dr. Arielys suggestions (Paras.10-12)Part III: Conclusion: The writer restates his central argument: Human interests should be given priority over those of nature.Nature should accommodate human beings. (Para. 11).

17、Human beings should adapt to nature only when their survival is endangered by certain environmental changes. Human beings protect the environment for their own sake rather than for that of nature. (Paras. 12-13)2. Detailed study of the text（1）Achieving sustainable environmentalism (Title)environment

18、alism: n. U an interest in or the study of the environment, in order to protect it from damage by human activities 环境保护主义Green represents life, vitality, nature, and of course, environmentalism. 绿色代表着生命、活力、自然，当然还有环境保护主义（2）Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as

19、is, say, belief in democracy or disapproval of plastic surgery.(Para. 1)Meaning: Sharp concern for environmental protection, similar to the belief in democracy or the opposition to plastic surgery, is a necessary attitude to people in the upper class world.Note： "Polite society" is a euphe

20、mism (委婉语) for the upper class. democracy: n. U a system of government in which people vote in elections to choose the people who will govern them 民主，民主体制、tthis was a historic moment, after which the country has been moving toward democracy. 这是一个历史性时刻，此后该国一直朝着民主前进。a system of running a business or o

21、rganization in which everyone can vote andshare in making decisions 民主管理Without the ability to think critically and to defend their ideas, young people will not beable to fully participate in democracy.有能力进行批判思维，没有能力捍卫自己的思想，年轻人就不能充分参与民主管理。（3） First, differentiate between environmental luxuries and e

22、nvironmental necessities. Luxuries are those things that would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. (Para. 2) Meaning: First, we must distinguish between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries refer to those things that we find ni

23、ce to have, especially if they would not cost us anything. Necessities refer to those things that we must have no matter what cost we have to pay.differentiate: v. recognize or express the difference between things or people else 区分，区别She has learned to differentiate the two kinds of roses. 她已经学会了区分

24、两种玫瑰。 vt. be the quality or fact that makes one thing orperson clearly ifferent from another 构成.间的，差别;使.不同于The ability to speak differentiate humans from other animals言语能力使人类有别于其他动物。differentiate between: identify differences between two or more things or people区分.把一进行区分No longer is he able to diffe

25、rentiate between fantasy and reality, and be should seek medical help.他不能区分虚幻和现实了，应该去寻求医疗帮助。costless: a. not costing anything无花费的;无代价的The Internet provides u1s a costless wary of sharing information.互联网给我们提供了免费共享信息的方法。（4）For example, preserving the atmosphere-stopping ozone depletion and the greenho

26、use effect- is an environmental necessity. (Para. 3) Meaning: For instance, keeping the atmosphere in good condition, or to be exact, stopping ozone reduction and controlling the greenhouse effect, is an environmental.ozone: n. U a kind of oxygen that exists high in the earth's atmosphere臭氧An in

27、tact ozone layer prevents about 99 percent of the sun's UV rays from reaching the earth. 一个完好的臭氧层可以阻止99%的太阳紫外线到达地球表面。deplete: vt. reduce the amount of sth. or the number of things减少;削减If we continue to deplete the earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment.如果我

28、们继续减少地球上的自然资源的话，我们将对环境造成严重破坏。depletion: n. U the act of reducing sth.greatly减少;削减Some scientists are convinced that the depletion of the earth's ozone layer will contribute to an increase in skin cancers.些科学家确信， 地球臭氧层的减少会引起皮肤癌的增加。（5） With the planetary climate changes, are we prepared to see Iow

29、a take on New Mexico's desert climate, or Siberia take on lowa's moderate climate?(Para. 4) Meaning: As climate keeps changing on theearth, are we ready to see lowa develop desertclimate like that in New Mexico, or to see Siberia develop mild climate like that in Iowa?planetary: a. the earth

30、 as a planet地球(上)1) of or relating to全球的;世界范围的The planetary crisis we are experiencing toady equines consistent action in all fields of governmental policies. 我们今天正在经历的地球危机需要各个领域的政府政策采取目标致的行动方案。 2) of or relating to a planet or planets行星的We now know a lot more than ever before about the early stages

31、 of planetary formation.我们现在对行星形成的早期阶段的了解要比以前任何时候都多得多。 take on: develop a particular character or appearance呈现(某种特征、面貌等)The relations between the two countries may take on a new look.两国之间的关系或许会呈现出新面貌。(6) Of course, this human focus runs against the grain of a contemporary environmentalism that indul

32、ges in overt earth worship. (Para. 6) Meaning: Certainly, this kind of human-centered belief is in contradiction to thecurrent popular belief in environmental protection. The latter greatly enjoys expressing their respect for and admiration of nature openly.run / go against the grain: be completely

33、different from what you feel is right, natural, or normal for you与.格格不入;违反本性 His music generally runs against the grain of what is modern.他的音乐总体上与现代音乐格格不入。overt: a. not hidden or secret公开的;公然的Women bosses still face resistance - both subtle and overt.女性上司仍然要遭遇阻力，其中既有隐形的也有公开的。(7) The US has just come

34、 through a war fought in part over oil. (Para. 8) Meaning: The US has just experienced and survived a war which, to a large extent, was fought for the purpose of getting oil.Note "The war" here refers to the First Persian Gulf War fought from August 1990 to February1991 between Iraq and a

35、UN-authorized coalition force led by the United States. The war took place chiefly in Iraq and the tiny oil-rich nation of Kuwait. These two countries lie together at the northern end of the Persian Gulf, Leading members of the coalition force against Iraq included the United States, Great, Egypt, a

36、nd Saudi Arabia Britain, Fe through: be alive, working, after a difficult or dangerous experience安然度过(困难或危险)With such a weak heart she was lucky to come through the operation.她心脏这么虚弱，能够熬过手术真是幸运。(of a message) be sent and received(信号或消息等)传来At this point, I can't say what orders have come

37、 through and where theyre going.目前，我还说不出传来了什么命令以及他们将往哪里去。in part: to some degree, but not completely在某种程度上;部分地The project, funded in part by UNESCO, will span a period of 12 months.由联合国教科文组织部分出资资助的这项目期限是12个月。（8）If it could be preserved at a negligible cost, I would agree that it should be - biodiver

38、sity is after all necessary to the ecosystem. (Para. 10)Meaning: If it did not cost us much to protect the spotted owl, I would agree that it should be protected. After all, it is necessary to maintain the variety of species on the earth. negligible: a. very unimportant or small微不足道的;极小的Female parti

39、cipation in sport has been negligible until recently.直到最近，女性参与体育运动直很少。 at a . cost: at a cost of a particular amount.-的代价;花费.Revenue increased because rice was purchased ata low cost and sold to consumers at a fixed higher price.由于稻米是以低价买进但以固定的高价卖给消费者的，所以收益得到增加。biodiversity: n. U the variety of diff

40、erent types of plant and animal life in a particular region生物多样化It is highly important to protect the biodiversity of the freshwater environment.保护淡水环境的生物多样性是十分重要的。ecosystem: n. C all the plants and animals in a particular area, considered as a system with parts that depend on one another生态系统Urbaniz

41、ation has bad a serious negative effect on the ecosystem of the ancient town.城市化对这个古镇的生态系统已经造成了严重的负面影响。（9）Humanity should accommodate only when its fate and that of nature are inseparably bound up.(Para. 12)Meaning: Humanity should adapt to nature only when its fate and nature's fate are closely

42、 connected.be bound up / together: be connected by qualities that are shared 联系在一起 He felt that his fate and the nation's fate were bound up inseparably. 他感到自己的命运和祖国的命运紧密相连，密不可分。 (10) A sane and intelligible environmentalism does it not for nature's sake but for our own. (Para. 13) Meaning:

43、A rational and understandable environmentalism protects the environment for the interests of human beings rather than for those of elligible: a. clear or simple enough to understand 明白易懂的，可理解的Although it was rather artistic, this film was not fully intelligible to ordinary people.虽然很有艺术性，但

44、是这部电影对普通人来说并不十分易懂。3.Translation获得可持续发展1 在上流社会，对环境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反对整容一样，是一种不可或缺的态度。然而，既然从泰德特纳到乔治W.H.布什，每个人都声称自己热爱地球母亲，那么，在由议员、选民之类的人以环境名义而提出的众多的相互矛盾的提案、规章和法规中，我们又该如何做出选择呢？显而易见，并不是每一项冠以环境保护名义的事情都值得去做。我们怎样才能分离出最佳选择，并且把我们各自不同的兴趣统一在同一个合理的政策当中呢？2 有一种简便的方法。首先要区分什么是环境奢侈品，什么是环境必需品。奢侈品是指那些无需人类付出代价就能拥有的给人美好感受的东西。必

45、需品则是指那些无论付出什么代价，都一定要去拥有的东西。这一区分原则可以被称为理性环保主义的至高原则。它规定，对那些直接威胁人类健康与安全的生态变化采取应对措施是环境保护的必需品，而其他则都属于奢侈品。3.例如，保护大气层阻止臭氧损耗及控制温室效应是环境保护的必需品。近来，科学家报告说臭氧层遭受破坏的程度远比我们先前认为的要严重得多。臭氧损耗不仅与皮肤癌及眼疾有关，而且它还会破坏海洋生态。而海洋生态是食物链的起点，人类则位于该食物链的顶端。4.温室效应所可能引发的热效应是非常具有毁灭性的：冰川融化、海岸线被淹没、气候遭受破坏、平原干涸，最终食物消失殆尽。美国中西部地区的粮食供养着全世界。随着全球

46、气候的变化，我们难道准备看到衣阿华州变成新墨西哥州的沙漠气候，而西伯利亚变成衣阿华州的温和气候吗？5.臭氧损耗和温室效应是人类的灾难，而且是需要紧急处理的灾难，因为它们直接威胁到人类，且后果很难扭转。理性环保主义唯一能够引起公众共鸣的环保主张首先公开声明，自然是服务于人类的。理性环保主义是一种完全以人类为中心的思想。它号召人类保护自然，但是是在人类自我生存得到保证的前提之下。6.当然，这种以人类为中心的主张与当下盛行的环保主义是格格不入的，后者已经沉溺于对地球的公然崇拜。有的人甚至声称地球是一个活的生物体。这种环保主义喜欢把自己看作是神圣的，其实它只是感情用事而已。比如，在自然是否友善的问题上

47、，当下的环保主义采取了高度选择性的片面的观点，而这种观点与自然造成的灾难这一现实是不相协调的。当龙卷风肆虐堪萨斯州，当瓢泼大雨袭击孟加拉国，毁灭了整座整座的村庄，使几百万人失去家园的时候，我对自然的崇拜便停止了。7.非感情用事的环保主义是建立在普罗泰哥拉的格言“人是万物的尺度”的基础上的。在建立人类权威的过程中，这条原则会帮助我们梳理各种错综复杂的关于环境保护的争议。就以当前关于是否在北极国家野生动物保护区的某一角落开采石油的激烈争论为例吧。环保主义者联盟动员人们反对目前正在试图通过美国国会审议、使这一开采行为变得合法化的一项立法行动。他们散布说美国应该保护并且节约能源而不是开采能源。这其实是

48、一个错误的非此即彼的主张。美国确实需要征收高额的能源税以减少能源消耗，但同时也需要生产更多的能源。政府的估测表明，在北极国家野生动物保护区的地下蕴藏着美国五大油田之一的可能性几乎到达 50%。我们没有寻找安全的方法开采北极国家野生动物保护区地下的石油，这看上去是不符合情理的。8美国刚刚经历了一场战争，其部分原因就是为了获取石油。对能源的依赖使美国不但付出了金钱的代价，而且也付出了生命的代价。就因为可能破坏北美驯鹿的繁衍地而放弃能够以和平手段获得的石油，这是一种十分怪异的感情用事。9 我像别人一样喜欢驯鹿。如果他们的交配模式受到干扰，我会感到非常遗憾。但是，鱼和熊掌不能兼得。是要保护驯鹿，还是要为了避免人们在战争中丧生而减少对石油的依赖，面对这一僵局，我每次都会选择人类而不是驯鹿。10我对俄勒冈州的斑点猫头鹰的态度也是一样。我绝不是仇视猫头鹰。如果花很少的代价就可以保护猫头鹰，我会赞同它应受保护毕竟，生物多样性对生态系统是非常必要的。但是，我们必须记住，保持生物多样性并不意味着要留住每一种物种。有时候，为了更加根本的利益，我们不得不牺牲一部分生活中美的东西。如果为了保护斑点猫头鹰而让三万伐木工家庭失去生计，我会选择伐木工家庭（包括他们的锯子和砍伐的木材），而不是猫头鹰。11 重要的是，我们要区分哪些东西对环境保护是根本性的，哪些是非根本性