牛津译林版8b语法详解之被动语态

1、【语法详解】被动语态英语中的语态主动语态和被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They built a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge was built over the river by them. (被动) Many people speak English. (主动) English is spoken by many people. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用“助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成”，即“

2、bep.p.”，其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be过去分词构成，时态通过动词be表现出来。什么时候使用被动语态不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some windows were broken last night. This book was published (出版) in 2005. 注意：第句This book came out in 2005. come out 是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。只强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者

3、。Educational CD-ROMs are sold in many countries. Rice was first grown in China.English is learned all over the world.注意：不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，如：appear, happen, take place等。被动语态的基本结构动作的承受者be过去分词其他by动作的执行者。 简写为“承受者be过去分词其他by动作的执行者”。主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：确定主动语态的时态，它决定着被动语态中的助动词be。 找出主动语态的主、谓、宾。 按照上述句式改写：承受者 +be+过

4、去分词+其他by执行者常用的被动语态结构时态结构时态结构一般现在时am/is/arep.p. 含情态动词can/may/must/ bep.p.一般过去时was/werep.p.现在完成时have/has been + p.p.一般将来时will/shall bep.p.am/is/are going to bep.p.现在进行时am/is/are being + p.p.主动改为被动语态的例子：主动语态基本结构为主、谓、宾。His brother washes dishes every day. Dishes are washed every day by his brother.主(执行者

5、) 谓 宾(承受者) 其他Peter will clean the room tomorrow. The room will be cleaned tomorrow by Peter.He must look after the little boy. The little boy must be looked after by him.The students are watching a charity show. A charity show is being watched by the students.特殊情况的被动语态简单句五种基本形式中的其中两种变为被动语态时十分重要：主谓双宾

6、：这类短语含有介词to或for。如：give, send, show, buy, makegive sb sthgive sth to sb，buy sb sthbuy sth for sb主动语态：Amy gave me some nice stickers.Amy gave some nice stickers to me.被动语态：I was given some nice stickers by Amy.或Some nice stickers were given to me by Amy.主动：A fairy gave the princess a magic wand.A fair

7、y gave a magic wand to Princess Laura. 被动：The princess was given a magic wand by a fairy.或A magic wand was given to the princess.总结含有双宾语的动词短语变为被动语态的规则：可以把任何一个宾语作为被动语态的主语；如果把直接宾语(即物体)作为主语，动词和直接宾语之间要添加相应的介词to或for。主动语态中无论使用give sb sth 还是give sth to sb，一律按照上述句子改写，即：give sb sth 或give sth to sb sb be give

8、n sth或sth be given to sb，这类含有介词to或for的短语见下表主动语态被动语态send sb sth或send sth to sbsb be sent sth或sth be sent to sbshow sb sth或show sth to sbsb be shown sth或sth be shown to sbbuy sb sth或buy sth for sbsb be bought sth或sth be bought for sbmake sb sth或make sth for sbsb be made sth或sth be made for sb主谓宾省略to的不

9、定式(即宾补)：使役动词变为被动语态时，原来省略的to一定要加上。常见短语make sb do sthsb be made to do sth (主动语态不含to，被动语态必须带to。下同)hear sb do sthsb be heard to do sth see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sth注意特殊例子：let sb do sth sb be let do sth (主动语态和被动语态都不含to。)e.g. He made the workers work 12 hours a day. Th

10、e workers were made to work 12 hours a day.主动形式表示被动意义：有些不及物动词(其主语大都指物)的主动语态可以表示被动意义。某些连系动词。这些动词有feel, taste, smell, sound, prove等。The coffee smells delicious. The story proved quite false. 某些可与well, easily, quickly等副词连用的不及物动词。This kind of bikes sells well. This kind of rice cooks more quickly than t

11、hat kind.某些可用于“主谓主补”结构中的不及物动词。e.g. The bag broke open.动名词在be worth doing句型中的主动形式表示被动含义。 His novels are so well worth reading that I want one. These stamps are worth collecting. 动名词在need, want, require等动词后，主动形式表示被动含义。need doingneed to be doneThe problem requires dealing with immediately. Her bike nee

12、ded repairing.动词不定式的主动形式在tooto句型中表示被动含义。The box is too heavy to carry.有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动含义。这些形容词有easy, difficult, heavy, nice, good, pleasant, important, useful, dangerous等。Bad habits are easy to contract. English is difficult to learn. 被动语态试题1. The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday.A is tak

13、en B was taken C takes D took2. Waste paper shouldnt everywhere. Its our duty to keep our city clean.A be thrown B throw C is thrown D are thrown3. Do you have any problems if you this job?-Well, Im thinking about the working dayA offer B will offered C are offered D will be offered5. It is reported

14、 that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next termA will be built B was built C has built D will build6. The new library building last week.A was completed B is completed C completed D has completed7. David, turn off the TV no one is watching it.-But it off already! The music is from t

15、he radio.A so that; has been turned B when; has turned C if; has been turned D because; has turned8. Nick a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didnt take it.A is offered B offered C was offered D has offered9. Do you often plant trees in spring? -Yes, many trees in our school every year.A plant

16、B are planting C are planted10. Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge over the river.A was built B is being built C has been built D should be built11. I to get there before seven tomorrow, so Ill have to get up early.A told B have told C will tell D

17、was told12. A large number of engineers to Africa by our government to help the people there every year.A have sent B will send C are sent13. Its common knowledge that black tea in China more than 600 years ago.A is invented B was invented C invents D invented14.Who is the little baby in the photo,

18、Susan?-Its me. This photo ten years ago.A takes B is taken C took D was taken15. It is reported that the Underground Line No.3 in our city in 2010.A will build B has built C will be built D has been built16. Do you plant trees in spring?Yes. Many trees in our city every year.A are planting Bare plan

19、ted C were planted17. When you leave the room, make sure the door .A was locked B is locked C will be locked D should be locked18. What should we do first if we want to develop our village?A lot of new roads , I think.A must be built B have to build C must build D have built19. Do you believe there

20、are aliens? I m afraid not. I dont think aliens in space.A can find B can be found C can be founded D cant be found20. I want to be a Chinese teacher when I grow up.Thats great. Chinese teachers in China and some foreign countries.A need B are needing C are needed D will need21. Dont worry. You plen

21、ty of time to decide.A will give B have given C will be given D are giving 22. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese in more and more schools out of our country.A teaches B is taught C has taught D was taught23. Our environment is getting worse than before. Youre right. But thanks to Earth D

22、ay, people have done more and more useful things to protect the earth since Earth Day .A is started B was started C has started24. The young man was often seen by the lake.A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew25. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, as “Peoples Writer”.A is regarded B has re

23、garded C is regarding D regards26. After the heros story on CCTV, many people are learning from him.A reports B reported C was reporting D was reported27. Where did you go last night?I to go to Li Leis birthday party.A asked B am asked C have been asked D was asked28. I want to be a doctor. Doctors

24、in every part of the world, I think.A need B are needed C are needing D will need29. The village is building a school. I hope it before August this year.A finishes B will finish C is finished D will be finished30. I was that our class meeting about “Eight Dos and Donts would be held soon.A talked B

25、spoken C told D said31. This year has World Year of Physics Albert Einstein, the father of modern physics.A made; remember B made ; to remember C been made; remember D been made; to remember32. You should tell Tom that he to work for the 21st UNIVERSIDE.-I think so, I will tell him on his birthday.A

26、 chooses B has chosen C chose D is chosen二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词：1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children. 4. You needn't do it now. It _ _ _ by you now.5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New Year Card _ _ _ me by her last week.6. Peole use metal for making machines.Metal _ _ for making machines.7. He made me do that for him.I _ _ _ _ that for him.8.I have given this book to the library. This book _ _ _ to the library.9.Did they