牛津深圳版英语八年级下册Unit3知识点语法精讲精练-学案

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 3 Traditional skills 常考短语：专心-专注-专业1. paper cutting 剪纸2. set off 动身，出发3. after dark 天黑后，黄昏后4. all the time 一直，始终5. up to 到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有6. up and down 起伏，上下波动7. no more 不再，再也不8. tie.around 拴在周围9. cut out 剪成10. in the shape of 以的形状11. put on 穿上；上演12. close to 靠近13. put up 张贴14. a pie

2、ce of 一片，一条15. after dark 天黑后要点全解：1.used to do sth 过去常常做某事be used to do sth 被用来做某事be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事2.fit 形容词健康的；动词合适。3.set off=set out 出发，动身4.be ready for sth 准备好的； be ready to do sth 准备做某事5.stop . from doing sth 阻止做某事6.reach=get to=arrive at/in 到达7.attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力8.thr

3、ow . into 把扔进throw .away 扔掉throw.at 向扔去9.make a mistake 犯错误，by mistake 错误地，mistake A for B 把A错认为B10.bring up 抚养，教育，培养11.keep (sb./sth.)+adj. 使保持keep (sb./sth.) doing 使不停地做某事12.be in good/bad health 健康状况好（不好）healthy 健康的13.voice 嗓音，常指人的嗓音、说话声及鸟的鸣叫声。 noise 杂声，常指不悦耳的喧闹声。 sound 声音，泛指人耳能听到的自然界中的各种声音，不论高低，

4、是否悦耳。She has a sweet voice. Theres too much noise here. Can you hear strange sounds from the next room?14.be made of 由制成，可以看得出原材料。 be made from 由制成，看不出原材料。 be made up of 由组成/构成，表示某物由若干部分构成。The doll is made up of four parts. 语法被动语态。（1）英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They will b

5、uild a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。（2）主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况。若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：The

6、 teacher made me go out of the classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).（3）主动形式表示被动意义。 如 wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：The food tastes good.(4) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + d

7、one一般过去时：was / were + done一般将来时：shall / will + be done一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时：have / has + been + done过去完成时：had + been + done练习：1. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_.A.have taken, have been opened B.take, are open C

8、.are taken, open D.have been taken, are opened2. The building _ in 1999. A. built B. is built C. was built D. build3. When _the accident _？ A. was, happen B. did. happen C. is, happen D. was, happened4.The children _ by the nurse in the kindergarten now. A. were looked B. are being looked after C. w

9、ere looked after D. are looking after5. Our classroom must _ clean A. keep B. be kept C. to keep D. to be kept6. Chinese _ by the largest number of people in the world. A. speaks B. is speaking C. are speaking D. is spoken8. The bottle on the table _ cool water. A. is covered with B. is made of C. i

10、s full of D. is changed into9. I _ to bring my book to school yesterday. A. told B. was told C. was telling D. had been told10. My clock _. Can you mend it for, ？ A. doesnt use B. isnt worked C. doesnt walk D. doesn't work11. The flowers _ well if they _. A. wont grow, don't take good care o

11、f B. don't grow, are taken good care of C. don't grow, don't take good care of D. wont grow, are not taken good care of12. Were glad that another Shenzhen underground _ very soon. A. will complete B. will be completed C. has completed D. has been completed13. The work _soon. A. will be f

12、inished B. finishes C. has finished D. will finish14. Trees _ green in spring. A.turn B. are turned C. would turn D. is turning15. Some flowers _ by Kate already. A. have been watered B. watered C. have watered D. has been wateredUnit 3 Traditional skills1、 要点概括2、 hang on 用作电话用语（其后可接a minute, a mome

13、nt, a while之类的词），意为：等一下；别放下电话；别挂断。1. reach 除了“到达”外，还有“伸手去够或拿”的意思。如： Some oranges are hard to reach. The girl was short so she couldnt reach the cup on the table.【区别】get, reach和arrive get是不及物动词，常和to连用。但当“到达”的地点是home或副词（here, there）时，to需要省略。如：When did you get there last night? I get home at 7:00 pm ev

14、ery day. arrive为不及物动词，后须加上介词in/ at才能连接表示地点的名词。 表示到达大城市或国家时要用arrive in，而到达乡村、车站等小地方则用arrive at。如：We arrived in London last week. The doctor arrived at the village at last. reach为及物动词，其后既可以跟名词也可跟副词。如： I reached Beijing the day before yesterday. We reached here on foot. 1、 单词拼写。1. The English teachers

15、r_ the students to listen carefully.2. Lets h_ the picture on the wall.3. When he r_ Guangzhou, it was almost 11 pm.4. The books over there are on science. Waht about the r_.5. Eating much vegetable is good for you to keep f_.2、 完成句子。1. 男孩家离学校很远，所以他不得不每天一大早就出发。 The boy lives far from the school, so

16、he has to _ _ in early morning every day.2. 天黑后，人们离开办公室回家。 _ _, people leave office and go home.3. 只要你不再吸烟，你可以更健康并活得更久。 You can be healthier and live longer, if you just smoke _ _.4. 办公室小弟每天都很忙，我们经常都看到他上上下下来回地跑。 The office boy is very busy every day, we often see hime run _ _ _.三、句子翻译1. 她又高又瘦。她有着一头黑

17、色长发。她戴着眼镜。_2. 他非常年轻，又爱又胖，留着一头棕色的短发。_3. 剪刀和纸被用于剪纸工艺。_【教材典句】1. No nets are required for this type of fishing.2. Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China.3. A music show will be held in the school hall at 4 p.m on Tuesday, 4 May.【语法全解】英语的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态

18、表示主语是动作的承受者。1. 基本构成 被动语态的基本构成形式为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。助动词be有人称、数和时态变化。 Football is played all over the world. Is it made of bamboo? 2. 基本变法（1） 将主动语态句中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中介词by的宾语。（2） 将主动语态句中的谓语动词变成“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”形式，但时态不改变。（3） 助动词be要与新的主语保持单、复数的一致；若主语和宾语时人称代词时，“格”应该作相应的变化。如： The workers make

19、 machines in this factory. Machines are made by the workers in this factory.3. 省去by短语的几个条件（1） 不知道、没必要或不想说出动作执行者时。 Rice is grown well there.（2） 强调说明动作的承受者。 I was sent to teach them English.（3） 汉语中有“据说，大家说”等时。 It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.4. 各时态的被动语态（1） 一般现在时的被动语态 构成：am/ is

20、/ are +过去分词 I am often given gifts by Tom. The things on show are all made in China. Is the room cleaned every day?（2） 一般过去时的被动语态 构成：was/ were+ 过去分词 Jim was asked to go there. The heavy snow stopped the visitors from leaving the top of the mountain. =The visitors were stopped from leaving the top of

21、 the mountain by the heavy snow.（3） 一般将来时的被动语态构成：wii be+ 过去分词或am/ is/ are going to + be+ 过分分词Lots of trees will be planted on the hill next year.The children wont be allowed to go out at night.Is the bridge going to be built by the workers next year? 特殊情况：复合宾语的被动语态 感官动词和使役动词在主动语态句中，其后的动词不定式不带to，但变被动

22、句时必须加上to。 The boss made her work for 10 hours a day. She was made to work for 10 hours a day.【语法练习】1. -Excuse me. Im looking for be the best of yourself. -Sorry. The book you ask for _ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold 2. Each year quite a lot of food _ around the world. I

23、ts really time for us to do something. A. was wasted B. is wasted C. wasted D. will be wasted3. Flowers _ along the road last year. A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted 4. It is said that a new museum _ in our city next year. A. builds B. is building C. was built D. will be built 5. -D

24、oes she like singing English songs? -Yes. She _ to sing English songs in her room. A. often does B. is often heard C. often hears D. often heard 简短说话1. 假设你是表中的“我”，请根据下表的提示讲述你的经历，并根据表格中提供的情景谈论你的感受。时间：April 28事情经过：我感冒发烧，去医院看病，遇到了英语老师， 她叫我在家里休息，还说会来我家、叫同学来我家帮我学习。感受：？选择正确的答案1. -Do you often clean your c

25、lassroom? -Yes. Our classroom _ every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. is cleaning 2. A talk on developments in science and technology _ in the school hall next week. A. given B. will be given C. was given D. is given3. -Did you go to Jacks birthday party? -No, I _. A. are not invited B. was

26、nt invited C. havent invited D. didnt invite4. -Mum, can I go to the zoo with Jack? -When your homework _, you can. A. is done B. was done C. will be done D. has done5. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happeded6. She _ from China to America

27、 by plane last week. A. set up B. set off C. set for D. set of7. Its a hard work. I enjoy it _. A. though B. although C. however D. so 8. If a law or rule requires you _ something, you have to do it. A. do B. to do C. to step D. stepping9. Are you ready _ into Harry Potters world again? A. step B. f

28、or step C. to step D. stepping10. The Chinese medical workers helped the Arab woman _ every day. A. practise walking B. to practise to walk C. practise to walk D. practising walking重要单词，词组讲解1. mean的用法What do you mean to do with it? I didnt mean to hurt you.1）mean to do意欲做This means staying here long

29、er. Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 2）mean doing意味着做He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school.Be meant for 适合做他说他不适合读书因为懒。He says he _ a student for his laziness.这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。Failing this exam _ another one.我并不是故意迟到的。I didnt _ be late for school.2. ce

30、lebrate vt.(1)  庆祝；祝贺celebrate Christmas / ones birthday / a victory (成功)(2)   赞扬；称颂The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.词语辨析：celebrate, congratulatecelebrate后常接日期,事情或场合congratulate后常接人表示为某事而祝贺某人congratulate sb. on/upon sth. ex：congratulate you on your marria

31、ge. 有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。ex：I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished. 3. 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。词语辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about, break out的比较1） The wedding will take place tomorrow.2）In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China. take place发生,举行; 侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非

32、偶然”的意思 3) What has happened to her？碰巧，恰好 happen “发生”，普通用词，含义很广。常指具体客观事物或情况的发生，含有“偶然”的意味。 当以具体事物、事件作主语时，happen 和 occur可以换用；但当happen用作“碰巧”之意时，不能用occur代替，但可以与come about 互换。4) It happened to rain that day. 5) The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday. occur “发生，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occur to

33、有“想起”的意思。6) The Second World War broke out in 1939. break out (火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发 7) How does it come about that you were caught by the police? come about “发生”, 往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与how 连用。与happen 用法较接近 用take place , happen 和 come about 的正确形式填空1. The May 4th Movement _ in 1919.2. If anything _ to the mac

34、hine, let me know at once.3. The opening day of the play _ tomorrow night.4. Can you tell me how it _?4. starve: vt.使饿死vi.饿得要死starve to death be starved of/ starve for: 渴望她很寂寞，渴望友谊：She is lonely, starving for friendship.The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection. 渴望母爱他们在沙漠中

35、迷路而饿死。他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。They got lost in the desert and _.They are _ a sum of money to finish their work.n. starvation 饿死：die of _5. a year/ day of plenty 富裕/丰收的年月 days/ years of plenty Have we got enough apples? Yes, there are plenty in the basket. plenty of +复数n/ 不可数n plenty of eggs/ food/milk 足够的6.

36、honour (英) /honor (美)1) 光荣，荣誉(n) They fight for the honour of the country. One must show honour to ones parents.2) in honour of 为了纪念 A festival is set in honour of the hero.3) an hounour 光荣的人或事情 Liu Xiang is an honour to our country.4) 尊敬,给以荣誉（v） Children should honour their parents. 7. satisfy vt.

37、vi. 使满意，使满足Nothing can satisfy him except the best.Some people are really hard to satisfy.sb. be satisfied with 对满意e.g. Shes not satisfied with her new house.令人满意的： satisfying, satisfactory满意：satisfaction8. please vt. 使愉快，取悅It is difficult to please everybody.Our aim is to please the customers.pleas

38、ed (人) 高兴的愉快的Pleasing (物) 令人愉快的pleasant (物) 好听的，令人舒服的pleasure 高兴的事情听到她悦耳的声音我们很高兴.We are _ to hear her _voice. It is such a _ to us.I was very _ to hear the news.The news was very _ to us.9. harm n 损害，伤害e.g. He meant no harm to you. ( He didnt intend to hurt you.) do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sbThe

39、 events has harmed the relations between the two countries. 10. They offer food, flowers and gift. 词语辨析：offer, provide, supply offer 主动提供。offer sth to sb; offer sb sthprovide 供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。 provide sth (for sb); provide sb with sth.supply: 供应（所需要或所要求之物）。supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth When I

40、meet difficulty, my roommates will_me help. 他们悬赏找回丢失的珠宝。 They_a reward for the return of the lost jewels. 政府得提供这些老人们吃穿。 The government need to_these old people with food and clothes. 每个月都得供应足够的电。 Electricity should be _enough every month. 11. in memory of = to the memory of sb The museum was built i

41、n memory of the famous scientist.in honor of in charge of in search of sb. / sth. 12. dress up 盛装打扮，化装打扮 You dont have to dress up. Come as you are.Children love dressing up in Halloween.dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣dress sb 给某人穿衣服你认识穿着白色裙子的那个女孩吗？Do you know the girl who is dressed in a white skirt?Do you k

42、now the girl who is wearing a white skirt?Do you know the girl who has on a white skirt?选词填空：wear dress have on put on1. My daughter is now able to herself.2. Mr. Wu always a blue coat in Winter.3.Xiao Wang a white shirt today.4.I like to my hat when I go out in Winter.13. award n. 奖品，奖项，奖金, 助学金 She

43、 showed us the awards she had won.Mary got an award and was able to finish her study.vt. 授予裁定award sb sth= award sth to sb The judges awarded both teams equal points.reward 回报,报酬他因为努力学习而受奖。他用100块钱酬谢这个工人。He _ for studying hard.He _ the worker with 100 yuan.14. admire sb/sth (for ) 钦佩，羡慕 They admired

44、our garden. I admire him for his success in business.我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。We all _his courage and bravery.admiration 名词 admirable 形容词15. look forward to(介词) + n/ v-ing 盼望，期待Im looking forward to his coming.以下短语中的to也为介词，后面加doing，而不是dopay attention to 注意 devoteto 致力于prefer to 更加喜欢 get down to 开始做be used to 习惯

45、于 -ward 向着方向 backward 向后 forward 向前16. as though= as if 好像，仿佛1. 虚拟语气(从句所用的时态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态.)He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened.He talks as if/though he knew everything.He looks as if he were ill.2. 陈述语气（表示很可能的事实就用陈述语气,)It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.1.）他向我招手好像有事情告诉我。 He wav

46、ed to me as if to tell me something.2.） 这女孩环顾四周好像在找什么东西。 The girl looked around as if in search of something.3.) 他说起来好像他是一个专家似的。 He talks as if he _ an expert.4.) 他英语讲得很流利，就像在英国学的一样。 He spoke English so fluently as if he _ it in England.5.) 看起来我们对要赢了。 It looks as if our team _.17. turn up1) appear 出

47、现,露面 他到目前还没有出现。He _so far.你总是迟到!(做事慢慢吞吞的)Youre always _ late for everything!2)调大声音，把.开大点儿请把火调大一点。Please _ the fire.相关短语:turn down 关小，拒绝turn off 关掉turn on 打开 turn out 结果是turn to sb. for help 向某人求助18. keep ones word 守信用, 遵守诺言 break ones word 违背诺言in a word 简言之 in other words 换句话说 have a word with sb. 与

48、某人交谈 have words with sb. (about sth.) 关于某事与某人争吵 我想和你谈一下。Id like to _ with you.A gentleman should always _ his _.A. keeps; word B. keep; word C. keeps; words D. keep; words19. hold ones breath 屏息当那个女孩看到那条蛇的时候，她屏住呼吸。The girl _ at the sight of the snake. take breath 呼吸 lose ones breath= be out of breat

49、h 喘不过气来breathe v. breath n.When we got to the top of the mountain, we were nearly _. A. under our breath B. lost our breath C. caught our breath D. out of breath20. apologize 道歉 apologize to sb for (doing) sth = say sorry to sb for doing sth你必须为你的粗鲁行为向老师道歉。You must apologize _ the teacher _ being so

50、 rude. apology n.make an apology to sb for (doing) sth.21. drown (drowned, drowned )浸、泡, 淹没,淹死洪水淹没了街道和房子。The floods _ the streets and houses.借 消愁 drown ones sorrow/sadness indrown ones sorrow/sadness in coffeeFrank tried to save the _ girl in the river, but unfortunately he was _.A. drowned; drowning B. drowning; drownedC. drowned; drowned D. drowning; drowning22. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. obvious