人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总

1、精品文格Unit 1 What 'the matter?一、询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：What's the matter (with sb. )?(某人)怎么 了 ？What's wrong (with sb. )?(某人)怎么 了 ？Whafs the trouble (with sb. )?(某人)出什么事了 ？Whathappened (to sb. )?(某人)发生了什么事？Are you OK?尔没事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb. ?某人有什

2、么事吗？(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+病症.The twins have colds .双胞胎感冒 了。某人 +have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night.她昨晚肚子痛。 某人 +have/has+a+sore+ 发病部位.Hehasasore throat.他喉咙痛。 某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词.Hehurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。某部位+hurt(s).Myhead hurts badly .

3、我头痛得厉害。 某人 +have/has+a pain+in on e's+身体部位， I have a pa in in my chest.我胸口痛。(There is)something wrong with one's+身体部位.There is something wrong with my right eye .我的右眼有毛病。其他表达方式She has a heart trouble .她有心脏病。Hegot hit on the head他头部受至ij 了撞击。She cut her finger.她割破手指了。二情态动词should的用法1. Should为情态

4、动词，意为“应该；应当"，否定式为shouldn',其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意 见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。You should drink hot water w让h honey .你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。Heshould put his head back他应该把头后仰。Weshould try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。Youshouldn 't watch TV.你不应该看电视。2. Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。Should I put somemedicine on计？

5、我应当给它敷上药 吗？Should wetell her about让？我们应该告诉她这件事吗？【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有： Would you like (to do) sth . ?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗？Would you like to play basketball with me?尔想要和我一起打篮球吗？Shall l/we do sth ?我/我们做“好吗？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园,好吗? Whynot do sth ?为什么不”呢？Why not join us?为什么不加

6、入到我们当中来呢？ How/Whatabout doing sth ?做某事怎么样？Howabout going swimming?去游泳怎么样？Let' do sth让我们做，,吧。Let' g。home.咱们回家吧。You'd better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。You'd better not go there alone .你最好不要一个人去那儿。Unit 2 r II help clean up the city parks动词不定式A.作主语一一为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用 it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。常用句型

7、:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./lt takes sb. sometime to do sth.8. 作宾语动词 want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare 常接动词不定 式作宾语。C.作(后置)定语常用于 have/has + sth. + to do" 或“enough + 名 + to do" It' time to do sth. ” 等结构中。D.作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite,

8、teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去 t。：一感(feel),二听(listento, hear),三让(let, make, have,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help) ”。E.动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to)或 so as (to)为了，目的是&quo

9、t;。常用结构有 too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。F.固定句式中动词不定式的用法常见的形式有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。Unit 3 Could you please clean your roomCould you please.?句型(1) 请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说：Canyou.please?情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求，在意思 上无区别，但是用could在于其上

10、显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/l？若在句末加上please,则显得更礼貌。Could you help mefind mybook,please?你能帮我找到我的书吗？(2) 对could you/l.? 的问句作出肯定回答，常用sure/certainly/of course ”等；如果作否定回答，常用sorry或oh,please don' t "。一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。(3)表示请求的句式：Would you like to do.? Would you mi nd doi ng.?Let' do. Sha

11、ll l/we do.?Please do.(祈使句前加please)提示：could you please与could I Please两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是 有礼貌地向别人请 求允许的交际用语。试比较：Could you please help me?青你帮我一下好吗？Could I please invite myfriends to mybirthday party,Mom?妈妈，我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？Un it 4 Why don't you talk to your pare nts?1 .提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见

12、的其他表达方式：How/what about doing sth.? (about是个介词，可跟名词或动名词) “怎么样？ ”You'd better (not) do something. “你最好(不)做某事”Would you like sth ?: “你想要某物 Let ?s do sth ?What should I do？( should表示请求、征询对方意见)2 .学会谈论问题和学会用why don't you提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的表达方式： Whydon?t you do something? =Whynot do somethin

13、g?你为什么不做某事呢？来表示请求、征询对方意见3 . until, so that.although 引导的状语从句：1) until :在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”，”在以前不”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Don?t get off until the bus stops.2欢迎F载精品文档2) so that 引导目的状语从句(为了，以便)例如：Hestudies hard so that he could work better in the future3) alth

14、ough的用法意思相当于though (尽管，虽然)，引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but, and, so等连用，但可以和yet, still等词连用。例如：Although he was tired,he we nt o nworki ng.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm cameL过去进行时1 .基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的 动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语来表示。2 .结构 was/ were ( not ) + 动词-ing3

15、.句式 tH. W 目正式： l/He/She/lt was working. We/You/They/ were working. 否定式： l/He/She/lt was not working.We/You/They/ were not working. 疑问式和简略回答：Wasl working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Washe/she/it wor king? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. We

16、rewe/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/w e/they were not.注： 1) was not 常缩略为 was n*t; were not 常缩略为 were n '。2)一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态，而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。例如：David wrote a letter to his friend last night.大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了圭寸信。(信写完了。)David was writing a letter

17、 to his friend last night.大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)4.过去进行时中的when和while when, while 区别：1) 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。Whenthe teacher camein, we we re talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we we re talking, the teacher camein.2) 如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如

18、：They were singing while wewere dancing.Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains1. unless引导条件状语从句uni ess = if not除非，若不 They will go tomorrow unless it rains. =They will go tomorrow if it doesn ' rains.2. as soon as引导时间状语从句。 就3欢迎3F我精品文枯Hewill comeand see you as soon as he can.3. so .that 引导结

19、果状语从句句型1 ：主语+谓语+SO+形容词/副词+that从句The wind was so strong that wecould hardly moveforward. 句型2: so +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+ that从句6欢迎下载精品文楼It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型3. so + many/ few +复数名词+ that从句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4： so +much/ little+不可数名词+ that从句I had

20、so little moneythat I couldn ' buy a pen.Unit 7 What sthe highest mountain in the world?形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级（一）原级句型：1. Ais as+原级 + as+ B 表示 A 与 B 一样eg: He is as tall as me.2. A is not as/so + 原级 + as B 表示 A 不如 Beg:He is not as tall as me.3. 只能修饰原级的词，very , quite , so, too , so, eno ugh, pretty 等例如，H

21、e is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。（二）比较级句型可以修饰比较级的词,much, a lot, far,的多ahttle, a bit, 点儿even甚至,stillEg. Less on On eis mucheasier tha n Less on Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tomlooks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。1.当句中有than时则用比较级。eg: He is fatter than me.2当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：”特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，Aor B?”eg:

22、 Which is bigger, the earth or the moon?哪一个大，地球还是月球？3. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越。eg.The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越eg: En glish is more a nd more importa nt.4. “ the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越.，越.”。Eg. The more careful you are , the fewer mistakes you 'll

23、make.5. “A+be+the+形容词比较级+of thetwo+.”表示“ A是两者中较的“。Eg.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.6. A+be+形容词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词 什介词短语）”表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人 义是“ A最” Eg. The Ya ngtze River is Ion ger tha n any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.（三）最高级常用句型

24、结构1. “主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示”是.中最.的”。eg: Tomis the tallest in his class./of all the students.This apple is the biggest of the five.2. “主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示"是.中最.之一”Eg： Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.3. “特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A, B, or C? ”用于三者以上eg Which is th

25、e biggest? The moon,the sun orths earth?4. “the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示是第几大（）8欢迎下载精品文枯eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the,但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加eg: He is the best student in my class.He is mybest friend.（四）形容词副词的规则与不规则变化规则变化1 . 一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est,例如，tall-tal

26、ler-tallest, long-longer-longest2 .以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,例如，nice-nicer-nicest3 .以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i,再加er或est,例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4 .重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加 er或est,eg. big-bigger-biggest5 .部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly ； beautiful- more beautiful-mo

27、st beautiful 不规则变化原级比较级最局级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/ilIworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderOldest （无血缘关系的）eldereldest （有血缘关系）Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Isla nd yet?/物都”，含Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）（1） 表示过去发生或

28、已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。It' s so dark.太黑 了。一Someonehas turned off the light.有人把灯关上 了。（2） 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+ 一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）Eg. I have lived here si nee 2003.自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住

29、这儿）（3）基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词（done）（当主语是第三人称单数has,其余have。）人称用 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished myhomework.（肯定句） 否定句：主语 +have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished myhomework.（否定句）the一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他一Have you finished your homework?-Yes, I have. / No, I haven' t,(一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)(4

30、) has gone (to) ,has been (to) , has been (in) 的区另 UHave/Has gone (to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Eg. Where is your father ?-He has goneto Shanghai.Have/Has been (to):去过(已不在去过的地方)Eg. Myfather has beento Shanghai.Have/has been in :呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)10欢迎下载nt品文档Eg. Myfather has bee n in Shan ghai for two mon ths. =Myfathe

31、r has bee n in Shan ghai since two mon ths ago. (5)现在完成时的标志： 常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.for +时间段；since +过去的时间点；since +段时间ago； since + 一般过去时的句子。They have known each other for five years. Since he

32、was a child, he has lived in England.(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则变化：1 .一般在动词词尾直接加edo如：pick T picked ' picked; wish wished 4T wished; stay stayed stayed2 .以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加do如：like T liked T liked; hope T hoped T hoped; phone T phoned T phoned3 .以一辅音字母+y |结尾的动词，变y为i,再加ed。如：study T studied T studied; hurry T hurried T hurried; reply T replied T replied4 .词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加 -edo如：stop T stopped T stopped; clap