第二册-期末试卷.docx

1、Final ExaminationI. Vocabulary (20%)Directions: Fill in the blanks with words from the word bank. Change the form when necessary. None of the words can be used more than once. Write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.amplifyexploitglancegorgeousillusionincredulousinhabitlandmarkrepetitivesettings

2、trivesuspecttransitionvalidwaneI. 1 think it is important not to just be irritated at someone reacting this way, but to consider whetherthey have any point.2. The program aims to unearth new ground-breaking ideas that developments in3D printing, mobile phone based scanning technology and web based d

3、esign applications to improve the incomes and livelihoods of people in developing countries.3. This library houses over 350,000 books, and also a collection of paintings andsculptures, many of which date back to the 16th and 18th centuries.4. The six TelePresence rooms have the same paint, furniture

4、, lighting and fixtures, giving thestudents and staff miles apart the they are in the same classroom.5. When I initially started down the path of starting a new business, I was that Icould fit any new connections into my life.6. As the journey continues, my role in social communications will natural

5、ly as myability to bring meaningful collaboration and insight through social tools will define my ability to move my company forward.7. Without feeling fear of making failures, I want just forward to my dream.8. In his book. The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin provided an answer thecentral questio

6、n of humanity throughout the ages: How in the world did wc get here?9. Our job in Uganda is to (he message that children all over (he globe have rights,they arc all the world's fiiturc.10. Each year, many migrant workers go from inland cities to coastal cities, but they can only dounskilled, , m

7、onotonous tasks, ten to twelve hours a day.II. Reading Comprehension (40%)Section A (20%)Directions: In the section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the informati

8、on is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.A Brief History of Online ShoppingA) When A opened for business 15 years ago, it was nothing more than a few people packing a

9、nd shipping boxes of books from a two-car garage in Bellevue, Wash. Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and CEO, had left New York City for the Pacific Northwest, using some of his time on the road to write the company's business plan. Books were packed on a table made32. 近儿十年来，斯蒂夫.乔布斯、马克扎克伯格等一批栖身车库或宿舍的年

10、轻人迅速成 为行业领袖的成功之路表明，任何一名19岁年轻人似乎都有可能出人头地。33. 在我漫游上海，接触从未到过的地方时，我甚至开始与上海本地人交往，这让我对上海 的人际关系有了深刻的认识。34. 实际上，制作节日大餐耗费的工夫和其盛况能确保人们获得更佳的美食体验。35. 有时，我走入某些咖啡店时发现，它们看起来像办公室，不像是供人们舒缓身心、读书 看报、相互交谈或边喝饮料边放松心情的地方。Section B (10%)36. Goethe, the famous German poet, wrote in a poem that summarized the process of a hu

11、man life going to maturity and perfection: Youth, I love your beauty; Prime of life I admire your discourse; Old age, I adore your virtue. Liu Da-bai, a Chinese poet, wrote a poem in praise of human trilogy: Youth is full of artistic imagination, when art works can be created one after another; Prim

12、e of life is given to engineering, when buildings are erected here and there; Old age is like a great volume of history, when one can browse it page by page. Wang Ding-jun, a learned man, has his own observation about human life: When we were children, God gave us to our parents; When we came of age

13、, God left us to the society; When wc grew old, God returned us to ourselves.IV. Writing (20%)37. 16-20 PointsPresents a clear position throughout the response; logically organizes information and ideas; there is clear progression throughout; uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexi

14、bility and precision, uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation; uses a variety of complex structures, produces frequent error-free sentences.12-15 PointsPresents a relevant position although the conclusions may become unclear or repetitive; uses cohesive devices ef

15、fectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical; uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task, attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy; uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms, makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but t

16、hey rarely reduce communication.0-11 PointsExpresses a position but the development is not always clear and there may be no conclusions drawn; makes inadequate, inaccurate or over use of cohesive device, may be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution; uses a limited range of vocab

17、ulary, but this is minimally adequate fbr the task, may make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation that may cause some difficulty fbr the reader; uses only a limited range of structures, attempts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate than simple sentences.out of an extra

18、 door they found lying in the new homea practice the company continuestoday in spirit by making many of the office's desks out of doors.B) Now, on its 15th anniversary, Amazon can raise a toast to being one of the largest online retailersin the world, selling everything from trumpets and golf ca

19、rts to dishwashers and clothes. Despite the economic recession, online retail in the U.S. grew 11% last year, according to a report released this March from Forrester Research. More than 150 million peopleabouttwo-thirds of all Internet users in the U.S.bought something online last year. It's as

20、taggering leap for an industry used by 27% of the nation's online population a decade ago.C) One of the first known Web purchases took place in 1994. It was an Italian pizza with mushroomsand extra cheese from Pizza Hut, a somewhat appropriate purchase for the early days of the Internet. When Am

21、azon came on the scene not long after, selling books online was a curious idea. After all, why would people buy a textbook online when they could go to a bookstore? But eventually, a revolutionary change in culture and groupthink took place. Buying things online was all about price and selection, sa

22、ys Ellen Davis, a vice president with the National Retail Federation. If you lived in a small town with just one bookstore and they didn't stock the novel you wanted, the Internet was a solution.D) The big sellers were "hard goods/* those things you didn't have to touch, feci or smell i

23、n orderto buy, such as books, computers and other electronics. Now, nothing is off limits. <4As the Internet has evolved, it's become a channel where you can buy anything/* Davis says. uYou can buy fragrances (香水something you would have normally thought you would needto go to a store and actu

24、ally experience before you decided to buy."E) Part of the shift has to do with the normalizing of giving out personal information online. All ittakes is one click of the purchase button before consumers start to feel more comfortable using their crcdit-card information online, Davis says. Now s

25、ome consumers have so much trust that they allow retailers to save their cred it-card and shipping information, which has given rise to a painless checkout process.F) And part of it had to do with making the online experience more like an in-score shopping trip.Many sites geared themselves toward co

26、nsumers who like to try before they buy. While Web shoppers technically have to buy (he item first, sites such as Zappos, which specializes in shoes, and Piperlime, which sells clothes and accessories, offer free shipping on returns. If you buy it, try it and don't like it, having to return the

27、item is less of a concern. Other stores try to make it easier for customers to get the look and feel of a product without actually handling the goods. S and G allow customers to zoom (拉近)way in on products to examine their material and color up close. Others such as Bed, Bath & Beyond and B feat

28、ure product videos that allow shoppers to see. for example, a grill (烤架)cleaner in action. And then there are sites like O that capitalize onhe goods physical stores can't sell. Beyond its discounts, O wins customer loyalty by making online deals with flat-rate shipping of $2.95 on everything fr

29、om earrings to refrigerators.G) Even famously resistant designers and luxury retailers are putting goods online. According toBain & Co.'s luxury-goods study last year, while the luxury-goods industry overall lost 8% worldwide last year, luxury sales online grew 20%. This September MarcJ will

30、 have more than just videos of models walking on the runway on his website. Jacobs will join others such as Jimmy Choo, Hugo Boss and Donna Karan, all of whom sell, or will soon start selling, products through their websites. The upside? Consumers will soon be able to buy many high-end goods without

31、 enduring the had service of a department store salesclerk.H) All of this online shopping has given rise to a new version of one of America's favorite holidays.Cyber Monday was coined in 2005 to represent the boom in online sales that conics the Monday after Black Friday(he day after Thanksgivin

32、g and the largest shopping day of the year.Though Cyber Monday has never overshadowed Black Friday's sales, customers are more comfortable doing shopping online than ever. 83% of consumers say they are more confident in making a purchase when they have conducted research online as opposed to spe

33、aking to a salesperson in a store.I) While retailers were initially terrified of what bad reviews could do to their bottom line, they'vesince witnessed the power of a compliment and embraced the practice. Despite initial fears, says Craig Berman, Amazon's vice president of global communicati

34、ons, product reviews have only served to increase their customer loyalty. °It helped us build customer trust, he says. Tt pul us in a special place with customers in (hat they could come to the site and get honest and comprehensiveand over time, veiy substantialfirsthand knowledge from othercus

35、tomers.'* Berman says the company has some reviewers who take online shopping to heart. "There are some customers who are extraordinarily proud of being one of our top reviewers they take their job really seriously.M Sonic of Amazoivs customers arc greedy readers who consider it their duty

36、to review one or two books every single week. While the company may have come a long way from its roots, the company's original specialty has not been forgotten.11. In the early time of online shopping, the goods that you didn't have to touch, feel or smell in order to buy sold best.12. When

37、 Amazon first began its business, the idea of selling books online was curious.13. Having seen the power of compliment, Amazon's vice president believed that product reviews help Amazon build customer trust.14. About two-thirds of American Internet users have shopped online last year.15. O wins

38、customer loyalty by charging fixed fees for delivery.16. Many virtual stores use various approaches to make online shopping experience more like an in-store shopping trip.17. It is Amazon's tradition to make office's desks out of doors.18. Despite its overall downward trend worldwide, the on

39、line sales of luxury goods grew twenty percent last year.19. The advantage of online shopping lies in price and selection.20. Most consumers would rather conduct research online than speak to a salesperson in a store when making a purchase.Section B (20%)Directions: There are two passages in this se

40、ction. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A). B). C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage oneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Wh

41、en fisheries have sunk or collapsed, one approach to fix the situation is to set up a marine reserve where fishing is banned. The idea is to provide relief to stressed fish stocks by providing safe living environment where fish can reproduce, and then spread out.Jennifer Cascllc, a biologist from Un

42、iversity of California, provided a local example of success. In 2003, the state of California set up a network of 12 marine reserves near Los Angeles and banned fishing in more than 488 square kilometers. By monitoring the area before and after, Caselie and her colleagues found that over 5 years the

43、re were 50% more blue rock fish and other species targeted by fishing inside reserves than outside. There was no change in species that people don't eat, suggesting that fishing restrictions were responsible for the recovery.Another success story comes from Australia, which created the first lar

44、ge marine reserve in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in 1975. After a major dic-off of coral (珊瑚),the government decided in 2003 to rezone the park and increased the proportion of no-take areas from less than 5% to 32%. Many fish species quickly doubled in size and numbers. The new reserves also

45、seemed to improve ecosystem health in general, as outbreaks of coral-eating starfish were nearly 4 times more frequent on the reefs where fishing was still permitted.What makes a marine reserve successful? Taking a broad look at 56 marine reserves around the world, Joshua Cinner of James Cook Univer

46、sity examined the social and economic factors. The number of people living near the reserves played a big role in some cases. In the Caribbean, reserves near large populations tended to have less fish relative to unprotected areas than did reserves that were more remote. But the opposite was true in

47、 the Western Indian Ocean. It's not clear why, but one reason could be that people tend to move to places with healthy marine reserves so that (hey can fish nearby.Another factor related to successful marine reserves was, as expected, compliance (遵从)with fishing restrictions. And that tended to

48、be associated not just with enforcement, but more complicated social dynamics such as how well people work together and participate in research and management. "In areas where people work together to invest in their resources, we saw less people illegally catching fish inside marine reserves,&q

49、uot; Cinner said in a statement. <4To get high levels of compliance with reserve rules, managers need to foster (he conditions (hat enable participation in reserve activities, rather than just focusing on patrols.M21. Fisheries sink or collapse when.A) the ban on fishing is in effectB) marine res

50、erves are establishedC) the environment is protectedD) stocks of fish are decreased22. What is Jennifer Caselie most likely to agree with?A) Commercial fishes almost died out in the reserves.B) Non-commercial fishes remained unaffected in the resen es.C) Commercial fishes almost disappeared outside

51、the reserves.D) Marine reserves should be built on a wider scale.23. What the Australian government decided to do in 2(X)3 was ultimately aimed at.A) increasing the number of fish speciesB) decreasing the number of starfishC) preserving the coralsD) setting up a marine park24. By saying “the opposit

52、e was true in the Western Indian Ocean", Cinner means that reserves thatwere remote tended to.A) have less fish than unprotected areasB) have more fish than unprotected areasC) have less fish than reserves near large populationsD) have more fish than reserves near large populations25. Cinncr wo

53、uld like to emphasize that people are more ready to comply with fishing restrictionsB) if they are cooperative D) when they are supervisedA) if they are legally conscious C) when they enjoy rich resourcesPassage twoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Habits arc a funny thing. Wc re

54、ach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit” carries a nega

55、tive implication.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new

56、, innovative tracks.Rather (han dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we trythe morewe step outside our comfort zonethe more inherently creative we become, both in theworkplace

57、and in our personal lives.But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed

58、 for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. *'But we arc taught instead to 'decide', just as our president calls himself 'the Decider.She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovati

59、onal thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.,All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capaci