职称英语考试真题及答案理工类A

1、2011职称英语考试真题及答案理工类（A级）第1部分：词汇选项（第11 5题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. The sea turtles natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A. suddenlyB. generallyC. slightlyD. greatly2. Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD.

2、knowing3. I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A. instructingB. pushing.C. notifyingD. inviting4. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A. maintainedB. recommendedC. consideredD. acknowledged5. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A. caus

3、edB. ignoredC. organizedD. received6. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A. reportedB. praisedC. provedD. caught7. At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A. giveB. attachC. loseD. understand8. Forester stared at his car，trembling

4、 with rage.A. turningB. jumpingC. shakingD. shouting9. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A. handleB. raiseC. poseD. experience10. Jane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours.A. spendB. standC. takeD. last11. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of colleg

5、e students taking science courses.A. relativeB. continuousC. generalD. sharp12. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A. afraidB. anxiousC. sureD. sad13. She always finds fault with everything.A. simplifiesB. evaluatesC. criticizesD. examines14. At 80，Peck was still vigorous a

6、nd living in Paris.A. happyB. aloneC. busyD. energetic15. For some obscure reason，the simple game is becoming very popular.A. obviousB. majorC. unclearD. minor第二部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Earth Rocks OnMost of the ti

7、me, the ground feels solid beneath our feet.That's comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billi

8、ons of years.Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust, eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question.Now, an international grou

9、p of researchers has an answer. They've found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.Not long before 3.8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids were pummeling Earth, keeping it

10、s crust in a hot, molten state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planet's hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface as lava.In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called th

11、e Isua supracrustal(上地壳) belt. The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air.The researchers recently look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in wit

12、h a type of volcanic rock.To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma(岩浆), flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the area cooled, forming what we see today.That e

13、xplanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under tne ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.16. The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.A.right B. wrong C. not mention17.The shape of lands and oceans are slowly change

14、d with the movements of plates.A.right B. wrong C. not mention18. Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.A.right B. wrong C. not mention19.Scientists once estimated that Earths crust started shifting three billion years ago.A.right B. wrong C. not mention20.It took a long time for the melted

15、crust to become hard.A. right B. wrong C. not mention21.The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.A.right B. wrong C. not mention22. The lsua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort.A.right B. wrong C. not mention第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第2330

16、题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。The iPad1. The iPad is a tablet computer（平板电脑）designed, developed and marketed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals(期刊), movies, music, a

17、nd games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the iPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days.2 The iPad runs the same operating system as the iPod Tou

18、ch and iPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for iPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.3. Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch displaya break from most previous tablet c

19、omputers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus（触控笔）. The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse（浏览） the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The device is managed and synchronized（

20、同步） by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable.4. An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networkin

21、g sites and other online options. one of the most common uses is for e-mails services. iPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.5. While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been

22、taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers a

23、pproving employee requests. A survey by Frost Sullivan shows that iPad usage in office workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.23. Paragraph 2 _24. Paragraph 3 _25. Paragraph 4 _26. Paragraph 5 _A. Business Usage.B. Display and D

24、ata Connection.C. Feature and Application.D. Difference from iPhone.E. Operating System.F. Online Stores.27. In April 2010 the iPad developed by Apple was_28. The iPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not _29. iPad applications enable the owner's email accounts to be _30. iPad uses in

25、 offices enable employee productivity to be _A. browsedB. personalizedC. distributedD. increasedE. releasedF. modified第四部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Calculating CrimeWhen you think about math, you probably don't think about breaking the law, solving mysteries

26、 or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals.People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal （揭示） the identity of the criminal. It's long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the

27、 law closer to where they live, simply because it's easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is t

28、hat the same criminal did it.But Mike O'Leary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of a criminal's home base by combining these patterns with a city's layout （布局） and

29、 historical crime records.The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets - that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and in

30、tersections are. O'Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal's patterns change with age. It's been shown, f

31、or example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime.Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O'Leary's uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.The progr

32、am is just one way to use math to fight crime. O'Leary says that criminology - the study of crime and criminals - contains a lot of good math problems. "I feel like I'm in a gold mine and I'm the only one who knows what gold looks like," he says. "It's a lot of fun.&qu

33、ot;31. Which of the following statements about math is true?A. It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminals.B. Few people associate it with finding criminals.C. Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes.D. it has long been employed in solving crimes.32. People tend to th

34、ink there is a relationship betweenA. the time of a crime and the age of the criminal.B. the type of a crime and the identity of the criminal.C. the pattern of a crime and the equipment of the criminal.D. the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.33. OLeary includes all the following

35、 information in writing his program EXCEPTA. the records of past crimes.B. the locations of police bureaus.C. the people living in the city.D. the change of a criminals patterns with age.34. OLearys program is different from other similar software in thatA. it is inexpensive.B. it is more user-frien

36、dly.C. it uses more math.D. it is available all over the world.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that OLearyA. will develop programs for other governmental departments.B. is going to use math in looking for gold.C. thinks its interesting to learn math.D. will further use math in studyin

37、g crimes and criminals.第二篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in

38、the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor

39、of food science, who was lead investigator? on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are Working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This stu

40、dy increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks5. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to

41、40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind."Most of us like the taste

42、 of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food," said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more tensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack

43、foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. "However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a w

44、onderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox a

45、nd a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color."Some people, called supertasters, de

46、scribe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter," he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting7

47、 is not limited to bitterness.36. John Hayes pointed out that _.A. food with less salt tastes better.B. many people make efforts to accept low-salt food.C. many people never eat low-salt food.D. it is good to health to eat food without salt.37. The fourth paragraph briefly describes_?A. how the subj

48、ects were selected and what they were asked to do.B. why the number of subjects was limited to 87.C. why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.D. how salty foods were made and distributed to the subjects in the research.38. It is true that _.A. nontasters like to share salty cheese with su

49、pertasters.B. nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes.C. supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.D. supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness.39. Supertasters prefer high-salt cheese because _.A. it is good to h

50、ealth.B. it is rich in nutrition.C. it has intense bitter tastes.D. it tastes less bitter.40. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that taste acuity is _.A. identified with certain chemicals.B. developed over time after birth.C. related to ones eye and hair color.D. genetically determined.第三篇C

51、ell phone: Hang up or Keep TalkingMillions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone

52、 shows that they are cool and connectedThe explosion around the world in mobile phone use has some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this i

53、ssue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad .for healthOn the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissu

54、es of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment. In one case a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone

55、for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small am

56、ounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to t

57、alk for a long time. Use your mobile phone when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says that they are bad for health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.41. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT thatA. theyre popular.B. theyre useful.C. they