中学定语从句课件一

1、 一一. 定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。被修饰的词叫先行词。The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词 二二. 关系词的分类关系词的分类1. 关系代词关系代词 2. 关系副词关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语

2、和定语，常用的关系代词有：和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：词有：when, where, why三三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法关系代词关系代词 指代的先指代的先行词行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人或物人或物定语定语 who指人指人,在定语从句

3、中作主语或宾语。作宾在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语时，可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人, ,在定语从句中作宾语，可省在定语从句中作宾语，可省略略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted

4、last year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan. He is the man (that) I told you about.that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语。作宾语时，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.whose指人或物指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little

5、girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.2. 关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点(1) that和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5种情况种情况只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which。当先行词中有人又有物时。如：当先行词中有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything,

6、 nothing, nobody, none等时。如：等时。如：This is all that I want from the school.当先行词被当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等等修饰时。如：修饰时。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：当先行词被序数词

7、修饰时。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.(2) that和和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用多用who。先行词为先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：等时。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行词为先行词为those, he和和people时。如：时。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great

8、 Wall is not a true man.(3) whose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。词短语。 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。了这个消息。whose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语代替，但语序不同，即序不同，

9、即whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+of which，或，或= of which + the + 名词。如：名词。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，代替，但语序不同，即但语序不同，即whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+of whom，

10、或，或= of whom + the + 名词。如：名词。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the

11、teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new. that (1) The scientist is very famous in the world.

12、We met her yesterday.巩固练习：巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen. 1.The girl _is standing who/that

13、巩固练习：巩固练习：2. 用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空定语从句改错练习定语从句改错练习1.The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written. 2.Did you see the young man whom was chosen the League secretary? 3.Can you think of anyone whos house is on a pile of rocks? 4.This is the girl who practice playing the piano everyday. 5.T

14、he watch which her mother gave it to her works very well. 6.This is the one hundredth letter which she has received from that boy. 7.This is the woman to who my mother talked just now.去掉去掉itwhom改成改成whowhos改成改成whosepractice后加后加s去掉去掉itWhich改成改成thatWho改成改成whom四四. 介词介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1. 介词的选用原

15、则：介词的选用原则：(1)根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.(2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用当介词放在关系代词前面时

16、，关系代词只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指物指物)，且关系代词不能，且关系代词不能省略。省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which I was writing .3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物指物), who/whom/that(指人指人)作从句作从句中介词的宾语中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。省略。(whom/who/that)(which/t

17、hat)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：词之前。如：This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for.The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very he

18、althy.5. 先行词是先行词是the way，意为，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时，引时，引导定语从句的关系词用导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。或省略。 I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）The way _ he told me to do the work was not the way _ he did it.五五. 关系副词关系副词when, where和和why的用法

19、的用法关系副词关系副词指代的先行词指代的先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表时间的名词表时间的名词/名词词组名词词组时间状语时间状语where表地点的名词表地点的名词/名词词组名词词组地点状语地点状语why表原因的名词表原因的名词原因状语原因状语 关系副词关系副词有有三种三种： where: 在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点. when: 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。why: 在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。 关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法： 1.where 的用法：的用法：(先行词应是先行词应是地点名词地点

20、名词） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel. We stayedwhere.先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句=The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.用关系副词用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，时，先行词指时间，when在定在定语从句中作时间状语，语从句中作时间状语，when可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born

21、in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when用关系副词用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，时，先行词指地点，where在定在定语从句中作地点状语，语从句中作地点状语，where可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where

22、用关系副词用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，时，先行词指原因，why在定语在定语从句中作原因状语，从句中作原因状语，why可换成可换成“介词介词+关系代关系代词词”。如：。如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why4. 关系副词的用法注意点关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为当先行词为time，表示，表示“次数次数”时

23、，应用时，应用关系词关系词that 或省略。如：或省略。如：This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.(2)当当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：在句中作状语。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习：用适当

24、的关系词填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I came. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherefrom whichwhyfor which 4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign o

25、il”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere对比练习：用适当的关系词填空对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)2. I will never forget the day_

26、 I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which) The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.1Friends are those make you smile, always open their hearts to you and en

27、courage you to succeed.A. which B. what C. whom D. who2Its quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers for people get off the bus.A. who B. what C. which D. where3-Barbara, where do you work? -I work for a company sells cars.A. which B. where C. what D. who4-Do you know Hong Zhanhui? -

28、Yes. Hes the college student has moved Chinese people.A. who B. which C. what D. whom5Jamie is a young cook wants to improve school dinners.A. who B. whose C. whom D. which6- Do you know the girl in red is? -Im not sure. Maybe a teacher. A. when B. how C. where D. what7Pauls uncle is the man taught

29、us math last year.A. where B. which C. who D. when8The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease has caused many deaths.A. who B. which C. whom D. what9.Is that the man helped us a lot after the earthquake. A. whose B. which C. when D. who10.-The duty of Project Hope is to help poor childr

30、en, isnt it? -Yes, it has built many schools those children can study happily. A. where B. when C. which D. what11.The panda is a kind of animal can be found only in China. A. who B. whose C. which D. where12._have finished the work can leave.A. Those who B.Any one C. The one who D. which13I like th

31、e music I can dance to. A. that B. whose C. when D. how14-Is the girl is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? -Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose15 I like to visit a place history is long.A. which B. that C. whose D. who16The number of people lost t

32、heir lives in Indonesian earthquake reached as many as 6200. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose17a robot is a machine can do some difficult work instead of man.A. who B. / C. that D. what18-Excuse me, can I have a talk with your manager? -Yes? I am just the man you are looking for. A. whose B. what C.

33、 who D. which19Rosa likes music is quiet and gentle. A. when B. that C. where D. who20The book he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. when D. what21 Im a football fan. Im interested in everything is about the 2006 World Cup. A. who B. that C. where D. when22My parents usually buy me

34、 some simple clothes can last a long time. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose23-Do you like the red car is made in Tianjin? -Sure, it looks terrific. A. where B. who C. which D. when六六. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1. 非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整

35、或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。隔开。My watch, which is very old, stopped again.2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：试比较：This is the best book that I have read.Thi

36、s is a good book, which is easy to understand.(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词般用关系代词as或或which引导。引导。(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。限制性定语从句则不能。(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。作介词的宾语。He has