财务术语中英对照

1、一、 会计与会计理论会计 accounting决策人 Decision Maker投资人 Investor股东 Shareholder债权人 Creditor财务会计 Financial Accounting管理会计 Management Accounting成本会计 Cost Accounting私业会计 Private Accounting公众会计 Public Accounting注册会计师 CPA Certified Public Accountant国际会计准则委员会 IASC美国注册会计师协会 AICPA财务会计准则委员会 FASB管理会计协会 IMA美国会计学会 AAA税务稽核署

2、 IRS独资企业 Proprietorship合伙人企业 Partnership公司 Corporation会计目标 Accounting Objectives会计假设 Accounting Assumptions会计要素 Accounting Elements会计原则 Accounting Principles会计实务过程 Accounting Procedures财务报表 Financial Statements财务分析Financial Analysis会计主体假设 Separate-entity Assumption货币计量假设 Unit-of-measure Assumption持续

3、经营假设 Continuity(Going-concern) Assumption会计分期假设 Time-period Assumption资产 Asset负债 Liability业主权益 Owners Equity收入 Revenue费用 Expense收益 Income亏损 Loss历史成本原则 Cost Principle收入实现原则 Revenue Principle配比原则 Matching Principle全面披露原则 Full-disclosure (Reporting) Principle客观性原则 Objective Principle一致性原则 Consistent Pr

4、inciple可比性原则 Comparability Principle重大性原则 Materiality Principle稳健性原则 Conservatism Principle权责发生制 Accrual Basis现金收付制 Cash Basis财务报告 Financial Report流动资产 Current assets流动负债 Current Liabilities长期负债 Long-term Liabilities投入资本 Contributed Capital留存收益 Retained Earning 二、会计循环会计循环 Accounting Procedure/Cycle会

5、计信息系统 Accounting information System帐户 Ledger会计科目 Account会计分录 Journal entry原始凭证 Source Document日记帐 Journal总分类帐 General Ledger明细分类帐 Subsidiary Ledger试算平衡 Trial Balance现金收款日记帐 Cash receipt journal现金付款日记帐 Cash disbursements journal销售日记帐 Sales Journal购货日记帐 Purchase Journal普通日记帐 General Journal工作底稿 Worksh

6、eet调整分录 Adjusting entries结帐 Closing entries三、现金与应收帐款现金 Cash银行存款 Cash in bank库存现金 Cash in hand流动资产 Current assets偿债基金 Sinking fund定额备用金 Imprest petty cash支票 Check(cheque)银行对帐单 Bank statement银行存款调节表 Bank reconciliation statement在途存款 Outstanding deposit在途支票 Outstanding check应付凭单 Vouchers payable应收帐款 Ac

7、count receivable应收票据 Note receivable起运点交货价 F.O.B shipping point目的地交货价 F.O.B destination point商业折扣 Trade discount现金折扣 Cash discount销售退回及折让 Sales return and allowance坏帐费用 Bad debt expense备抵法 Allowance method备抵坏帐 Bad debt allowance损益表法 Income statement approach资产负债表法 Balance sheet approach帐龄分析法 Aging a

8、nalysis method直接冲销法 Direct write-off method带息票据 Interest bearing note不带息票据 Non-interest bearing note出票人 Maker受款人 Payee本金 Principal利息率 Interest rate到期日 Maturity date本票 Promissory note贴现 Discount背书 Endorse拒付费 Protest fee com四、存货存货 Inventory商品存货 Merchandise inventory产成品存货 Finished goods inventory在产品存货

9、Work in process inventory原材料存货 Raw materials inventory起运地离岸价格 F.O.B shipping point目的地抵岸价格 F.O.B destination寄销 Consignment寄销人 Consignor承销人 Consignee定期盘存 Periodic inventory永续盘存 Perpetual inventory购货 Purchase购货折让和折扣 Purchase allowance and discounts存货盈余或短缺 Inventory overages and shortages分批认定法 Specific

10、identification加权平均法 Weighted average先进先出法 First-in, first-out or FIFO后进先出法 Lost-in, first-out or LIFO移动平均法 Moving average成本或市价孰低法 Lower of cost or market or LCM市价 Market value重置成本 Replacement cost可变现净值 Net realizable value上限 Upper limit下限 Lower limit毛利法 Gross margin method零售价格法 Retail method成本率 Cost

11、 ratio五、长期投资长期投资 Long-term investment长期股票投资 Investment on stocks长期债券投资 Investment on bonds成本法 Cost method权益法 Equity method合并法 Consolidation method股利宣布日 Declaration date股权登记日 Date of record除息日 Ex-dividend date付息日 Payment date债券面值 Face value, Par value债券折价 Discount on bonds债券溢价 Premium on bonds票面利率 Co

12、ntract interest rate, stated rate市场利率 Market interest ratio, Effective rate普通股 Common Stock优先股 Preferred Stock现金股利 Cash dividends股票股利 Stock dividends清算股利 Liquidating dividends到期日 Maturity date到期值 Maturity value直线摊销法 Straight-Line method of amortization实际利息摊销法 Effective-interest method of amortizatio

13、n六、固定资产固定资产 Plant assets or Fixed assets原值 Original value预计使用年限 Expected useful life预计残值 Estimated residual value折旧费用 Depreciation expense累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation帐面价值 Carrying value应提折旧成本 Depreciation cost净值 Net value在建工程 Construction-in-process磨损 Wear and tear过时 Obsolescence直线法 Straight-line m

14、ethod (SL)工作量法 Units-of-production method (UOP)加速折旧法 Accelerated depreciation method双倍余额递减法 Double-declining balance method (DDB)年数总和法 Sum-of-the-years-digits method (SYD)以旧换新 Trade in经营租赁 Operating lease融资租赁 Capital lease廉价购买权 Bargain purchase option (BPO)资产负债表外筹资 Off-balance-sheet financing最低租赁付款额

15、 Minimum lease payments七、无形资产无形资产 Intangible assets专利权 Patents商标权 Trademarks, Trade names著作权 Copyrights特许权或专营权 Franchises商誉 Goodwill开办费 Organization cost租赁权 Leasehold摊销 Amortization-八、流动负债负债 Liability流动负债 Current liability应付帐款 Account payable应付票据 Notes payable贴现票据 Discount notes长期负债一年内到期部分 Current m

16、aturities of long-term liabilities应付股利 Dividends payable预收收益 Prepayments by customers存入保证金 Refundable deposits应付费用 Accrual expense增值税 value added tax营业税 Business tax应付所得税 Income tax payable应付奖金 Bonuses payable产品质量担保负债 Estimated liabilities under product warranties赠品和兑换券 Premiums, coupons and trading

17、 stamps或有事项 Contingency或有负债 Contingent或有损失 Loss contingencies或有利得 Gain contingencies永久性差异 Permanent difference时间性差异 Timing difference应付税款法 Taxes payable method纳税影响会计法 Tax effect accounting method递延所得税负债法 Deferred income tax liability method九、长期负债长期负债 Long-term Liabilities应付公司债券 Bonds payable有担保品的公司债

18、券 Secured Bonds抵押公司债券 Mortgage Bonds保证公司债券 Guaranteed Bonds信用公司债券 Debenture Bonds一次还本公司债券 Term Bonds分期还本公司债券 Serial Bonds可转换公司债券 Convertible Bonds可赎回公司债券 Callable Bonds可要求公司债券 Redeemable Bonds记名公司债券 Registered Bonds无记名公司债券 Coupon Bonds普通公司债券 Ordinary Bonds收益公司债券 Income Bonds名义利率，票面利率 Nominal rate实际利

19、率 Actual rate有效利率 Effective rate溢价 Premium折价 Discount面值 Par value直线法 Straight-line method实际利率法 Effective interest method到期直接偿付 Repayment at maturity提前偿付 Repayment at advance偿债基金 Sinking fund长期应付票据 Long-term notes payable抵押借款 Mortgage loan十、业主权益权益 Equity业主权益 Owners equity股东权益 Stockholders equity投入资本

20、Contributed capital缴入资本 Paid-in capital股本 Capital stock资本公积 Capital surplus留存收益 Retained earnings核定股本 Authorized capital stock实收资本 Issued capital stock发行在外股本 Outstanding capital stock库藏股 Treasury stock普通股 Common stock优先股 Preferred stock累积优先股 Cumulative preferred stock非累积优先股 Noncumulative preferred s

21、tock完全参加优先股 Fully participating preferred stock部分参加优先股 Partially participating preferred stock非部分参加优先股 Nonpartially participating preferred stock现金发行 Issuance for cash非现金发行 Issuance for noncash consideration股票的合并发行 Lump-sum sales of stock发行成本 Issuance cost成本法 Cost method面值法 Par value method捐赠资本 Dona

22、ted capital盈余分配 Distribution of earnings股利 Dividend股利政策 Dividend policy宣布日 Date of declaration股权登记日 Date of record除息日 Ex-dividend date股利支付日 Date of payment现金股利 Cash dividend股票股利 Stock dividend拨款 appropriation十一、财务报表财务报表 Financial Statement资产负债表 Balance Sheet收益表 Income Statement帐户式 Account Form报告式 Re

23、port Form编制（报表） Prepare工作底稿 Worksheet多步式 Multi-step单步式 Single-step十二、财务状况变动表财务状况变动表中的现金基础 SCFP.Cash Basis（现金流量表）财务状况变动表中的营运资金基础 SCFP.Working Capital Basis（资金来源与运用表）营运资金 Working Capital全部资源概念 All-resources concept直接交换业务 Direct exchanges正常营业活动 Normal operating activities财务活动 Financing activities投资活动 I

24、nvesting activities十三、财务报表分析财务报表分析 Analysis of financial statements比较财务报表 Comparative financial statements趋势百分比 Trend percentage比率 Ratios普通股每股收益 Earnings per share of common stock股利收益率 Dividend yield ratio价益比 Price-earnings ratio普通股每股帐面价值 Book value per share of common stock资本报酬率 Return on investmen

25、t总资产报酬率 Return on total asset债券收益率 Yield rate on bonds已获利息倍数 Number of times interest earned债券比率 Debt ratio优先股收益率 Yield rate on preferred stock营运资本 Working Capital周转 Turnover存货周转率 Inventory turnover应收帐款周转率 Accounts receivable turnover流动比率 Current ratio速动比率 Quick ratio酸性试验比率 Acid test ratio十四、合并财务报表合

26、并财务报表 Consolidated financial statements吸收合并 Merger创立合并 Consolidation控股公司 Parent company附属公司 Subsidiary company少数股权 Minority interest权益联营合并 Pooling of interest购买合并 Combination by purchase权益法 Equity method成本法 Cost method十五、物价变动中的会计计量物价变动之会计 Price-level changes accounting一般物价水平会计 General price-level ac

27、counting货币购买力会计 Purchasing-power accounting统一币值会计 Constant dollar accounting历史成本 Historical cost现行价值会计 Current value accounting现行成本 Current cost重置成本 Replacement cost物价指数 Price-level index国民生产总值物价指数 Gross national product implicit price deflator (or GNP deflator)消费物价指数 Consumer price index (or CPI)批发

28、物价指数 Wholesale price index货币性资产 Monetary assets货币性负债 Monetary liabilities货币购买力损益 Purchasing-power gains or losses资产持有损益 Holding gains or losses未实现的资产持有损益 Unrealized holding gains or lossesaccountant genaral 会计主任account balancde 结平的帐户account bill 帐单account books 帐account classification 帐户分类account cu

29、rrent 往来帐account form of balance sheet 帐户式资产负债表account form of profit and loss statement 帐户式损益表account payable 应付帐款account receivable 应收帐款account of payments 支出表account of receipts 收入表account title 帐户名称，会计科目accounting year 或financial year 会计年度accounts payable ledger 应付款分类帐Accounting period（会计期间）are

30、related to specific time periods ,typically one year（通常是一年)资产负债表：balance sheet 可以不大写b利润表： income statements (or statements of income)利润分配表：retained earnings现金流量表：cash flows2、人员的称谓助理 Assistant秘书 secretary前台接待小姐 Receptionist文员 clerk ，如会计文员为Accounting Clerk主任supervisor经理Manager总经理 GM，General Manager入场费

31、admission运费freight小费tip学费tuition价格，代价charge制造费用 Manufacturing overhead材料费 Materials管理人员工资 Executive Salaries奖金 Wages退职金 Retirement allowance补贴 Bonus外保劳务费 Outsourcing fee福利费 Employee benefits/welfare会议费 Coferemce加班餐费 Special duties市内交通费 Business traveling通讯费 Correspondence电话费 Correspondence水电取暖费 Wate

32、r and Steam税费 Taxes and dues租赁费 Rent管理费 Maintenance车辆维护费 Vehicles maintenance油料费 Vehicles maintenance培训费 Education and training接待费 Entertainment图书、印刷费 Books and printing运费 Transpotation保险费 Insurance premium支付手续费 Commission杂费 Sundry charges折旧费 Depreciation expense机物料消耗 Article of consumption劳动保护费 Lab

33、or protection fees总监Director总会计师 Finance Controller高级 Senior 如高级经理为Senior Manager营业费用 Operating expenses代销手续费 Consignment commission charge运杂费 Transpotation保险费 Insurance premium展览费 Exhibition fees广告费 Advertising fees管理费用 Adminisstrative expenses职工工资 Staff Salaries修理费 Repair charge低值易耗摊销 Article of c

34、onsumption办公费 Office allowance差旅费 Travelling expense工会经费 Labour union expenditure研究与开发费 Research and development expense福利费 Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费 Personnel education待业保险费 Unemployment insurance劳动保险费 Labour insurance医疗保险费 Medical insurance会议费 Coferemce聘请中介机构费 Intermediary organs咨询费 Consult

35、fees诉讼费 Legal cost业务招待费 Business entertainment技术转让费 Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费 Mineral resources compensation fees排污费 Pollution discharge fees房产税 Housing property tax车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT)土地使用税 Tenure tax印花税 Stamp tax财务费用 Finance charge利息支出 Interest exchange汇兑损

36、失 Foreign exchange loss各项手续费 Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用 Special-borrowing cost帐目名词一、 资产类 Assets流动资产 Current assets货币资金 Cash and cash equivalents现金 Cash银行存款 Cash in bank其他货币资金 Other cash and cash equivalents外埠存款 Other city Cash in bank银行本票 Cashiers cheque银行汇票 Bank draft信用卡 Credit card信用证保证金 L/C Guara

37、ntee deposits存出投资款 Refundable deposits短期投资 Short-term investments股票 Short-term investments - stock债券 Short-term investments - corporate bonds基金 Short-term investments - corporate funds其他 Short-term investments - other短期投资跌价准备 Short-term investments falling price reserves应收款 Account receivable应收票据 No

38、te receivable银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance应收股利 Dividend receivable应收利息 Interest receivable应收账款 Account receivable其他应收款 Other notes receivable坏账准备 Bad debt reserves预付账款 Advance money应收补贴款 Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable库存资产 Inventories物资采购 Supplies purchasing原材料 Raw mat

39、erials包装物 Wrappage低值易耗品 Low-value consumption goods材料成本差异 Materials cost variance自制半成品 Semi-Finished goods库存商品 Finished goods商品进销差价 Differences between purchasing and selling price委托加工物资 Work in process - outsourced委托代销商品 Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis受托代销商品 Commissioned and sell

40、the goods on a commission basis存货跌价准备 Inventory falling price reserves分期收款发出商品 Collect money and send out the goods by stages待摊费用 Deferred and prepaid expenses长期投资 Long-term investment长期股权投资 Long-term investment on stocks股票投资 Investment on stocks其他股权投资 Other investment on stocks长期债权投资 Long-term inve

41、stment on bonds债券投资 Investment on bonds其他债权投资 Other investment on bonds长期投资减值准备 Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备 Stock rights investment depreciation reserves债权投资减值准备 Bcreditors rights investment depreciation reserves委托贷款 Entrust loans本金 Principal利息 Interest减值准备 Depreciation reser

42、ves固定资产 Fixed assets房屋 Building建筑物 Structure机器设备 Machinery equipment运输设备 Transportation facilities工具器具 Instruments and implement累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation固定资产减值准备 Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备 Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备 Machinery equipment depreciation reserve

43、s工程物资 Project goods and material专用材料 Special-purpose material专用设备 Special-purpose equipment预付大型设备款 Prepayments for equipment为生产准备的工具及器具 Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate在建工程 Construction-in-process安装工程 Erection works在安装设备 Erecting equipment-in-process技术改造工程 Technical innovation pro

44、ject大修理工程 General overhaul project在建工程减值准备 Construction-in-process depreciation reserves固定资产清理 Liquidation of fixed assets无形资产 Intangible assets专利权 Patents非专利技术 Non-Patents商标权 Trademarks, Trade names著作权 Copyrights土地使用权 Tenure商誉 Goodwill无形资产减值准备 Intangible Assets depreciation reserves专利权减值准备 Patent r

45、ights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备 trademark rights depreciation reserves未确认融资费用 Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income待处理流动资产损溢 Wait deal intangible assets loss or income待处理固定资产损溢 Wait deal fixed assets loss or income二、负债类 Liab

46、ility短期负债 Current liability短期借款 Short-term borrowing应付票据 Notes payable银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance应付账款 Account payable预收账款 Deposit received代销商品款 Proxy sale goods revenue应付工资 Accrued wages应付福利费 Accrued welfarism应付股利 Dividends payable应交税金 Tax payable应交增值税 value added tax payable进项税额 W

47、ithholdings on VAT已交税金 Paying tax转出未交增值税 Unpaid VAT changeover减免税款 Tax deduction销项税额 Substituted money on VAT出口退税 Tax reimbursement for export进项税额转出 Changeover withnoldings on VAT出口抵减内销产品应纳税额 Export deduct domestic sales goods tax转出多交增值税 Overpaid VAT changeover未交增值税 Unpaid VAT应交营业税 Business tax paya

48、ble应交消费税 Consumption tax payable应交资源税 Resources tax payable应交所得税 Income tax payable应交土地增值税 Increment tax on land value payable应交城市维护建设税 Tax for maintaining and building citiespayable应交房产税 Housing property tax payable应交土地使用税 Tenure tax payable应交车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license platetax(VVULPT)

49、payable应交个人所得税 Personal income tax payable其他应交款 Other fund in conformity with paying其他应付款 Other payables预提费用 Drawing expense in advance其他负债 Other liabilities待转资产价值 Pending changerover assets value预计负债 Anticipation liabilities长期负债 Long-term Liabilities长期借款 Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款 Long-term loans du

50、e within one year一年后到期的长期借款 Long-term loans due over one year应付债券 Bonds payable债券面值 Face value, Par value债券溢价 Premium on bonds债券折价 Discount on bonds应计利息 Accrued interest长期应付款 Long-term account payable应付融资租赁款 Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付 Long-term account payable due within one year一年后到期的

51、长期应付 Long-term account payable over one year专项应付款 Special payable一年内到期的专项应付 Long-term special payable due within one year一年后到期的专项应付 Long-term special payable over one year递延税款 Deferral taxes三、所有者权益类 OWNERS EQUITY资本 Capita实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本 Paicl-up capital实收股本 Paid-up stock已归还投资

52、 Investment Returned公积资本公积 Capital reserve资本(或股本)溢价 Cpital(or Stock) premium接受捐赠非现金资产准备 Receive non-cash donate reserve股权投资准备 Stock right investment reserves拨款转入 Allocate sums changeover in外币资本折算差额 Foreign currency capital其他资本公积 Other capital reserve盈余公积 Surplus reserves法定盈余公积 Legal surplus任意盈余公积 Free surplus reserves法定公益金 Legal public welfare fund储备基金 Reserve fund企业发展基金 Enterprise expension fund利润归还投资 Profits capitalizad on re