牛津上海版七年级上册 主题阅读与写作拓展训练学案

1、学员姓名： 学科教师：年 级：七年级 辅导科目：英语授课日期时 间主 题主题阅读与写作拓展训练学习目标1、掌握阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧。2、掌握如何写人的记叙文，包括审题，列提纲和检查技巧。教学内容处理上次课课后巩固作业及预习思考内容。1.上次课后巩固练习2.预习思考 让学生分享某次旅游经历人称？ 时态？He/she/? Is/was/?ThreeTwoIs this a wonderful trip?Why?Two reasonsWho? You and friends?OneI阅读理解之主旨大意题把握文章主题：段落大意，人物特征，环境特点。把握文章总体：理解主题和中心。主旨题型特点：

2、 主旨题的题干表现形式有以下几类：【知识梳理1】Main Idea 类型： 选项形式为陈述句。要求考生选择表达作者思想、观点的句子。【例题精讲】1What is the main idea/point of this passage？2. The main idea of this article is _.3. This passage is mainly about _.4. The text mainly talks about _.【知识梳理2】 Main Topic类型： 选项形式为名词或名词词组。要求考生指出文章的Topic（论题）或 Subject（主题），或 Title（标题）

3、等。典型问题形式：【例题精讲】1. What is the main topic of this passage？2. What is the main subject of the passage?3. The best title /headline for this passage might be _.4. The best title/headline for this passage should be _. 5. The passage can be entitled _.【知识梳理3】 Purpose类型： 选项形式多为动宾结构。要求考生找到主要的写作目的。典型问题形式：【例题

4、精讲】 1.What is the author's main purpose in the passage? 2.The author's purpose of writing this passage is to _.抓文章的主题思想。两种方法：1.找主题句：(1)段首 （2）段尾 （3）段中 2.找主题词：无明显的主题句时，用词或词组归纳段落中心思想。解主旨题型的方法： 【知识梳理1】主题句在段首。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。 在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显的引出细节的信号词。常见的信号词有for

5、example，an example of，the most important example of；first，second，next，last，finally；to begin with，also，besides that；one ； the other，some，others，等等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。【例题精讲】例1.People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other re

6、d meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti（意大利面条）, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fastfoods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.( )

7、Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A. Some people like steak and others red meat.B. Vegetables are very healthy for you.C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.D. Different people have different tastes in food. 【巩固练习】请快速

8、阅读下段文章，用划线划出文章的中心句和信号词：Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Final

9、ly, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? 【知识梳理2】主题句在段尾。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚，或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。 有些文章以列举事实依据开头，通过论证，最后讲出作者自己所阐述的核心论点。在做阅读理解试题时，要充分利用引出结论的信号词，如clearly，p

10、lainly；so，therefore，thus，consequently；In conclusion，in short等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号同时，可添加一个引出结论的信号词以确定主题句是否是段落的最后一句话。【例题精讲】例1.Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casually. Still,

11、 the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others. It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect.This passage mainly tells us_.A. how Americans show respect to othersB. how Japan

12、ese show respect to their American acquaintancesC. Americans and Japanese have different ways of showing respectD. Japanese are not satisfied with American casual behavior 【巩固练习】请快速阅读下段文章，用划线划出文章的中心句和引出结论的信号词 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent（清白的）. On the other hand, nobody may look m

13、ore innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. 【知识梳理3】主题句在段中。有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现，但不是就在正中间。【

14、例题精讲】例1.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A ca

15、mper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. 【巩固练习】1.What does the doctor need to know about his patient? In the initial（最初的）interview the doctor needs to know as much as possible about him, as it relates to his ailments（疾病）. This is the medical history, and although informal an

16、d brief, it is the first step at arriving at a diagnosis（诊断） The sooner a correct diagnosis, the quicker he can get effective therapy（治疗）2.Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something o

17、ver. I always have to hang up to find out what's wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses. to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.【知识梳理4】找主题

18、词 有时段落中没有明显的主题句。作者用一种间接的方式表达了段落的中心思想。这时我们不能轻而易举地判断出主旨或主题这样，主题句是含蓄的，它隐含在短文或段落之中，需要考生从段落中寻找主题词或词组。然后用这些主题词或词组概括和归纳出段落的中心思想。【例题精讲】例1.Bats are the only animals that truly fly. These animals use their leathery wings differently from birds. Birds flap their wings up and down, while bats use both their win

19、gs and legs, which make them seem as if they are swimming through the air. Even though bats take much longer, stronger strokes than birds, they still can beat their wings as often as twenty times per second! 【巩固练习】Joshua Bingham studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave befo

20、re his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. 主旨大意题的干扰项（错误选项）有3种：1. 概括范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意。2. 概

21、括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。3. 无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。【知识梳理5】主旨大意题的干扰项：【例题精讲】 例1.Coffee is a universal beverage（饮料）that is served in different ways around the world. In London, for example, some Englishmen dip mustard（芥子粉） into their coffee, while in Denver, a Person might add a dash of ketchup（番茄酱）.

22、 Strips of orange and lemon Peel, cloves and cinnamon（桂皮） sticks are not unusual additions to the brew in Europe. An Asian delight consists of coffee brewed（调） in boiling sugar. perhaps the richest cup of coffee can be enjoyed in Ireland where whiskey and whipped cream are important ingredients（配料）.

23、 In Australia a waitress will ask, "Do you want black or white?" Black is plain black coffee, but white is half coffee and half warm milk. If an Australian orders iced coffee, he will be served a cup of steaming coffee with a scoop of ice cream. It sounds like the Australian version of a &

24、quot;snowball in hell."1. Which statement best expresses the main idea?A. The richest cup of coffee can be enjoyed in Ireland.B. Asians enjoy a sweet cup of coffee.C. Coffee is enjoyed in a variety of ways.D. Australians have an unusual sense of humor.2. The paragraph could be entitledA. Some L

25、ike It Hot. B. Coffee Around the World.C. Oriental Delights. D. A Snowball in Hell. 【巩固练习】 When the weather is clear, pilots use their eyes to keep the airplane flying straight and level. In low visibility situations, however, the eye and other orientation（方向，定位）senses, such as our sense of balance,

26、 are not only useless, they may be totally misleading. The only safe way to fly an airplane in low visibility conditions is to use instruments, which indicate the attitude of the airplane. Which statement best expresses the main idea? A. In bad weather, the senses can be misleadingB. Flying an airpl

27、ane can be very difficultC. When visibility is low the only safe way to fly an airplane is by using flight instruments.D. When the weather is clear, pilots use their eyes to keep the airplane flying straight and level. IIWriting-记叙文写作之写人篇【知识梳理1】写作的基本步骤：一 审题目二 列提纲三 写全文四 查疏漏 1. 查主题，文章是否符合题目要求，内容是否完整。(

28、check the theme) 2. 查语法，是否有时态错误，是否有主谓不一致，是否有语态问题，是否有词形错误，是否有不合乎搭配的词组。(check the grammar) 3查标点，是否有标点错误 (check the punctuation) 4. 查拼写，是否有拼写错误和大小写问题 （check the spelling) 5查表达，是否有不合乎英语惯用的表达，是否有中国式英语表达。(check the ways of expression) 【例题精讲】例1.Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “A successfu

29、l person in my eyes ”. ( 以“我眼中的成功人士 ”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)（ 注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）短文需包含下列要点：Who is the successful person in your eyes? Why do you think he/she is successful? ( Give two reasons.)What can you learn from him/her?审题目解读题目写什么？（a successful person）重点内容？（Why is he/she succes

30、sful?/Two reasons.）人称？ 时态？（He? She?） (is/was?)列提纲StructureKey WordsIntroductionWho?My mother罗列积累的优美词句(successful,independent,confident)Main bodyWhy?1.her kids are outstanding两个原因之间可以用过渡词语(furthermore)罗列积累的句型（it is +adj+to do.） (if 条件状语从句)（定语从句）2.her business is successfulConclusionWhat can you learn

31、?Strong-mined,Independent,self-confident.过渡词句的运用（According.）罗列积累的优美词句“Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success”“Where there is a will,there is a way.”写全文A successful person in my eyes开门见山- My mother is a successful woman in my eyes. 枝繁叶茂- She is successful because she has two

32、children and both of them are outstanding whenever in the university or secondary school. Secondly, she is also successful because she is able to run a company by herself. And I learned a lot from her, especially independence and confidence when I was upset and wanted to give up, she always encourag

33、ed me 'Where there is a will, there is a way.画龙点睛- So she is a successful person in my eyes.注意1.限定写作对象：不准写那些所谓的“大人物”1）平凡的人 一位普通的清洁工.2）身边的人 我的父、母亲.范文欣赏Theres no doubt that Mrs. Yin, the most successful person in my eye, is my favorite teacher. Because of her big expressive eyes and a good figure,

34、 I really admire her. However, the character of hers attracts me more. As a teacher of English and my class teacher, Mrs. Yin has helped me a lot with not only my study, but also my work as a monitor. She is strict in class but easygoing in daily life. She smiles to me a lot but criticized me as wel

35、l in order to push me to step forward. With hard work, kindness and wisdom, Mrs. Yin has become the most successful person in my eye. I want to show my respect and thanks to Mrs. Yin, learn from her and try to keep up with her. I firmly believe that I will be the one like her in the future, the most

36、 successful person. I.Read and choose the best answer.(A)You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the fist evacuation (撤离) of an island nationthe citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their hom

37、eland.During the 20th century, sea level rose 8-12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the countrys drinking water.Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually hig

38、h number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement ca

39、lling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (导致温室效应的气体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thous

40、ands of years,” Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global war

41、ming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”. The text is mainly about _.A. rapid changes in earths temperatureB. bad effects of global warmingC. moving of a country to a new placeD. reasons for lowland flooding(B)Lions are opportunistsThey prefer to eat without having to do too much

42、workWhen resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going onIf another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselvesA

43、 grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding. Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down.The lionesses, being thinner and faster, are better hunters than the malesBut the males dont mindAfter the kill they move in and take the rest shareMost kills are made at nigh

44、t or just before daybreakWe have seen many, many daytime attempts but only ten killsRoughly, its about twenty daytime attempts for one kill.When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any secondThe kill is the exciting moment in the day-to-day life of t

45、he lion, since these great animals spend most of their time, about 20 hours a day, sleeping and resting.Lions are social cats, and when they are having a rest, they love to touch each otherAfter drinking at a water hole, a lion rests her head on anothers backWhen walking, young lions often touch fac

46、es with older ones, an act of close ties among members of the group.What would be the best title for the text? APowerful Lions BLions at Work and Play CLions-Social Cats DLions-Skilled Hunters (C)The weather is getting hotter. You are thirsty playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold dri

47、nk may be just the thing. But be careful what you are drinking. Something that looks cool may not be good for your health. There are plenty of "energy drinks" on the market. Most of them have beautiful colors and cool names. The lists on them tell you they are helpful to your health. Sound

48、s great! But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine (咖啡因) in them. These drinks are especially aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful

49、 not to drink too much.Caffeine makes your heart beat fast. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limited( 限制) its use. Caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as strong as that in a cup of coffee or tea. Possible health dangers have something to do with energy drinks. Just one

50、 box of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart problems. Scientists say that teenagers should be discouraged from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them. Which of the following can be the best title(标题) of the passage?A. What's the Use of Energ

51、y Drinks? B. Who Can Drink Energy DrinksC. What's That in Energy Drinks? D. Why Can't We Buy Energy Drinks?练习二：Writing：Write at least 60 words about the topic “The hero in my eyes”. Use the following points as a reference.Who is the hero in your eyes?Why do you think he/she is the hero in yo

52、ur eyes? (Give one or two reasons.)What have you learned from him/her? I. Choose the best answer. 1. _ sign here stands for _ mistake.A. A; aB. A; theC. The; aD. The; the2. A: Is this your MP4?B: No. _ is in the schoolbag.A. IB. MeC. MyD. Mine3.There is _ in today's newspaper.A. something intere

53、stingB. interesting somethingC. something interestedD. interesting nothing4.Tom will sell _ stamps to help the poor children in the west of China.A. thousand ofB. two thousand ofC. two thousandD. two thousands5.The Sun family had a _ visit to Canada last month.A. ten daysB. ten dayC. ten-daysD. ten-

54、day6.Bill's father finished _ the book last week.A. writeB. wroteC. to writeD. writing7.As we all know, Shanghai is one of the _ in the world.A. larger citiesB. largest citiesC. larger cityD. largest city8.I don't think it's _ to have a birthday party.A. enough specialB. special enoughC.

55、 specially enoughD. special much9.Lily did _ in the exam,but Lucy did even _.A. badly; worseB. worse; badlyC. bad; worseD. worse; bad10. He likes to _ money on books.A. costB. takeC. payD. spend11.He is getting fat, _ he has decided to go to work on foot.A. soB. thoughC. becauseD. and12.People often

56、 _ "hello" to each other when they make a phone call.A. sayB. tellC. talkD. speak13.It happened _ the morning _ September 10, 2019.A. in; onB. on; ofC. in; ofD. on; in14.Yao Ming _ in NBA since 2019.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. will be15.A: Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday?B: I&

57、#39;m afraid _ day is possible.A. eitherB. eachC. bothD. neither16.Mr. Brown flew to Washington_ the night before last.A. /B. onC. atD. in17.You'd better _ the city map before you go sightseeing.A. look atB. have a lookC. watchD. read18.In England you must drive on the _ side of the road to the rest of Europe.A. oppositeB. wrongC. sameD. against19.