牛津上海版六年级下重点语法复习及练习教案

1、牛津上海版六年级下重点语法复习及练习教案六年级下重点语法复习及练习教案【例题精讲】1. 语法复习冠词a和an的区别1 .不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音音素（不是辅音字母）开头的词前，an用于元音 音素（不是元音字母）不定冠词：1、不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量，意思和 one差不多：2、泛指某一类人、事或物，这是不定冠词的基本用法。3、泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。例如， A man is looking for you.4、表示 每一”, 相当于 every例如，I go to school five days a week我一周上五天课。5、用在序数词前，表示 又一“，再

2、一”。6、用在某些固定词组中：a 10t（of）许多,大量after a while过一会儿； have a rest （休息）； have a look（瞧瞧）；have a good time （过得开心）； take a shower （淋浴）； take a break （休息）； take a bath （洗澡）； get a cold （患感冒）； get a fever （发烧）； make a living （谋 生）；in a moment （过一会儿）；定冠词的用法1、特指某（些）人或某（些）物，这是定冠词的基本用法。2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。3、指上文已经提到的人或

3、事物。4、指世界上独一无二的事物。5、用在序数词，形容词最高级前。6、用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。7、用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。8、用在姓氏复数形式前，表示 全家人”或 夫妻俩”。例如：the Green郝林一家或格林夫 妻俩9、用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间10、用在乐器名称前。例如：She plays the piano every day也每天弹钢琴。11、用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。12、用在某些固定词组中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the momen址匕

4、亥1J； at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing 东西/洗衣K; in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚 上；in the open air在户 外, 在里子外零冠词的用法1、在专有名词和不可数名词前。2、可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词（my, your, his, her等）、指示代词（this/these, that/those、不定代词（some, any等）及所有格限制时。3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。4、在星期，月份，季节，节日前：5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如

5、： Tom汤姆，Mum妈妈6、在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如： I have lunch at school every day.特例：当football, basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football我可以看到一只足球。 Where s the football那只足球在 哪儿？(指足球，并非球类运动”)7、在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。例如： No.25 Middle School8、某些固定词组中不用冠词。(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行 车；b

6、y train 乘火车；by air/plane 乘飞机；by sea/ship乘月台，但 take a bus in a boat, on the bike前需用冠词(2)名词词组：day and night日日夜夜；brother and siste凯弟姐妹；hour after hour 时时亥U亥1J ；here and there11处(3)介词词组：at home在家；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在 晚上；on duty 值日；at work 在工彳on time 准时；for example 例如；in class 在上

7、课； on show展览；in bed在床上(4)go 短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work 去上 班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing 去买东西 /游泳/戈U船/钓鱼【难点】与不用冠词的差异1. in hospital 住院/in the hospital在医院里2. in front of在（外部的）前面/in the front of在（内部的）前面3. take place 发生/take the place（of）（弋替4. go to school 上学/go to the

8、 school 至 U学校去5. next year 明年/the next year 第二年6.a teacher and writeL位教师兼作家（一人）/a teacher and a writer位教师和一位作家 （两人）代词代词的用法（一）人称代词主格Iyouheheritweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem1、代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格：He has great concern for themffc 很关心他们。She gave the books to you and m这些书是她送给你和我的。2、人称代词作表语时，用宾格时较多，特别是在口

9、语中。Who is knocking at the door? It ' nse./ Me.谁敲门？一是我。If I were her, I would take the advice.我要是她就接收这个意见。3、在强调句中常用主格：It was he who did it.It is she who wants it.4、在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。He is more intelligent than her.He is taller than I am.5、在使用人称代词时还应注意以下几点：we, you两词有时可用来泛指一般人：We (you) have

10、 to be cautious under such circumstances.这样的情况下 大家应特另小 心。We (You) should keep calm even when we (you) are in dange 即使危急时亥U也要保持 冷静。They也可用来泛指某一些人：They don' t allow us to smoke here儿不让抽烟。(They 代表谁不清楚)she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等：I think England will do what she promised to do.我想英国会履行她的诺言。The “Easter” is

11、due in tomorrow, She?东方号辘船明天进港，是吗？在并列主语中，“I息是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三一(人称)。宾格me也一 样。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。He and she still don' t agree to the plan.(二)物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheirmineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs1、形容词性物主

12、代词一般位于名词前，用作定语，限定该名词的意义。Her parents are in England 他的父母在英国。2、名词性物主代词作主语：May I use your pen?Yours works better.5 / 22牛津上海版六年级下重点语法复习及练习教案3、名词性物主代词作宾语：I love my motherland as much as you loveyours4、名词性物主代词作表语：This umbrella is yours and that one ishers.5、名词性物主代词与of连用：He is a close friend of ours.This s

13、tand of ours is beyond reproach.我们的这个立场是无可非议的。6、某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。例如：take sb. by the arm, be woundedin the leg（三）反身代词1、见下表：数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词IyouHe/she/itweyouthey反身代词myselfyourselfHimself /herselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves另外，one的反身代词为oneself2、反身代词的用法：1）作宾语：He can buy hims

14、elf a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。We enjoyed ourselve整ery much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。He thinks more of others thanof himself他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。2）作表语：That poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。I ' be myselfagain in no time.我一会儿就会好的。3）作主语或宾语的同位语（作主语同位语时，放在主语后或旬末）：The thing itself is not important.事情本身并

15、不重要。You can go and askhim himself.你可以去问他本人。6 / 22牛津上海版六年级下重点语法复习及练习教案4）反身代词还可以与某些介词连用，组成固定搭配： by oneself:自 己, 一个人干They made the machine all by themselves®机器完全是他们自己制造的。This is a machine that works by 计self.这是一部自动化的机器。for oneself：替自己，为自己She made no complaint for herself.她没有替自己抱怨。He has a right to

16、 decide for himself.他有权自己决定。 among themselves 之间They had a heated discussion among themselves!们之间进行了 热烈的讨论。5）反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。例如，enjoy oneself, hurt oneself, teach oneself（四）不定代词：不定代词主要有： all、 each every、 both、 either、 neither one、 none little> few、 many、 much、 other、 another some any、 no,以及由 s

17、ome any、 no和 every 构成的 合成代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并 有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作 主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。1、someW any1） 一般用法：soma any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。例如,a. He has some Chinese paintings（语）b. Some like sports, others like music。语）c. Ask me if you have any questions.定语）d. I don &

18、#39; t know any of the student曲语）2）特殊用法：any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。例如，a. Any child can do that.（定语）b. You may take any of them.（宾语）some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。例如,Smith went to some place in England.（定语）在期待对方回答yes时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。例如，a. Would you like somebanana?（邀请）b. Mum, could you give me somemoney?（请求）2、one, bo

19、th, al1） one作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是one' ,s反身代词是oneself。止匕外，one、ones可以代替上文提到过 的词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these those或the、which等词 修饰。例如, One should try one' best to serve the people定语、定语）This is not the one I want.（表语）These books are more interesting thathose ones.

20、2） both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示两者都”的意思。例如：This maths problem can be worked out in both ways定语）Both of the boys are here在语）We both are students.同位语）注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。例如：a. Both of us are not teacher我们俩并不都是教师。b. Neither of us is a teacher我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the、these those my等之后，而应放在它

21、们的前面。例如：a. Both my parents like this film.b. Both the /these boys are tall.3） all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指全部的“、整个的“，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示 所有的“、全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。例如，a. He gave me all the moneys把全部的钱给了我。b. All the schools are flooded 所有的学校都被淹了。c. I told him all about it.我把一切都告诉了他。d. T

22、hat' s all for today.天就在这儿。3、many和 muchmany和much都表示 许多"，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可 数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。4、few, little; a few, a littlefew和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而 a few和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯 定意义。另外，few、a few修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中 常用作定语、主语和宾语。5、no 和 noneno=not any表示没有”，用来

23、修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也 可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。6、each 和 everyeach （各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every （每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中 只能作定语。例如,a. Every student in our class has a dictionary语， 强调班上 所有的人”）b. Each student in our

24、class has a dictionary（定语，强调各个个体）c. Each of them has been there （主语）d. We each got a ticket.（同位语）7、 either和 neithereither是 两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是 两者中没有一 个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。例如： Here are two pens. You may take either of them塞语）注意：either也作副词，其意为 也”，用于否定句的句末。例如，He doesn'

25、like tea, and I don ' （tteither.either与or构成连词，意为 不是就是”或 要么要么”。例如,He is either Japanese or Chinese.neither用作副词，意为 也不"，即“ noteither ”例如， He can' t do it, neither can I.neither可与nor构成连词，意为 既不也不”。例如, Neither he nor you are a student.8、other和 another, the others口 othersthe other表示 两者中的另一个&qu

26、ot;；“the other复数可数名词”表示 其余（他）的 ”；the others表示 其他的人或物”；“otherM other +复数名词”泛指 其他的（别的）人或 物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。例如：a. He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.b. Five of the pencils are red, the others（the other pens）are yellow.c. Some are singing, others are dancing.注意：another修饰或代替单数可数名词

27、，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个"，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。例如,a. This coat is too dark. Please show me anothe理语）b. Please give me another book.（定语）注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为 再，又”。例如： Please give me another ten minutes. one another（a second） a thirdthe others个一个个一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some others others , 意为 "些一些一些”。形容词副

28、词比较级形容词的比较等级：（一）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成1 .单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er 或-estnewnewernewestlonglongerlongest以e结尾的词加-r或-stfinefinerfinestlatelaterlatest以“妙音+y”变y为i再加-earlyearlierearliest结尾的词er 或-esthappyhappierhappiest重读闭音节的先双写车ff#字hothotterhottest词末尾只有一母，再加-er或thinthinnerthinnest个车有音字母-estfatf

29、atterfattestmore 或 most 。如:2.多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加原级比较级usefulmore usefuldifficultdeliciousmore difficultmore delicious最高级most usefulmost difficultmost delicious【重点】3.有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。原级 good/well bad/ill many/much little farold比较级 betterworsemore less farther older最高级bestworst most leastfarthestolde

30、st（二）形容词比较级的用法1 .形容词的比较级可以单独使用：Be more careful next time.下次小心点。Which book is better?哪本书更好？2 .也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：a.名词或代词：He is older than me / I .他年龄比我大。b.动名词：Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比滑冰更刺激。c.从句：I was a better singer than he wa或唱歌比他好。（三）形容词比较级的修饰语1 .形容词比较级前可加 much, a lot, a bit

31、, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语: He' s feeling much better today.他感至 U今天好多了。2 .也可在比较级前 any, no, some, even, stil这类词：Do you feel any better today?你今天感觉好一点了吗？3 .比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：My sister is ten years younger than me.我妹妹比我/、十岁。【难点】(四)形容词比较级的特殊用法1 .和more有关的词组:1) the more - the more 越就越。 例如：The harder

32、you work, the greater progress you'll make越努力, 进步越大。2) no more than与样。例如：The officials could see no more than the Emperor.官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。3) more than超过，不只是。例如：There are more than two thousand people in the hall.2 .和less有关的词组1) less than不至U 不太：It was ready in less than a week.2) no less than达 不少于No

33、 less than 2 million people came.至少来了 2 百万人。3) more or less8本上 大体上 大约The work is more or less finished.这项工作基本上完成了。3.还有as +形容词或副词原级+ as1) not so/as as0 例如：He cannot run so/as fast as youfe 没你跑得快。2)当asas中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +W容词+ a +单数名词/;as + manymuch 用词。例如：This is as good an example as the othe门这个例子和另外一个

34、一样好。I can carry as much paper as you can能搬多少纸，我也能。3)表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one®房间的面积是那间的两倍。Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。1、can 和 be able to1） can/could表示能力； 可能 (过去时用 could),只用于现在式和过去式 (could) 。 beable to可以用于各种时态。例如：They will be able to te

35、ll you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。2）只用be able to的情况:a.位于助动词后。b.情态动词后。c.表示过去某时刻动作时。d.用于句首表示条件。e.表示成功地做了某事时，用 was/were able tq不能用could。例如：He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。注意：could有时不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：-C

36、ould I have the television on?我能看电视吗?-Yes, you can. / No, you can't.可以/不可以。2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：He couldn't be a bad man他不大可能是坏人。2、may 和 might表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测。例如：He might be at home.他可能在家。注意：might表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may小。3、have to和 must1）两词都是必须的意思，have to表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主 观上的必要。例如：M

37、y brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 弟弟病得很厉 害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2） have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而 must只有一种形式。He had to look after his sister yesterday他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。3）否定结构中：don't have to表示"不必"，mustn

38、't表示"禁止"。例如：You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustn't tell him about it.你不得把这件事告诉他。4、must表示推测1） must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定"。You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况 的推测判断）He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：He must be

39、staying there他现在肯定在那里。He must stay there他必须呆在那。2）否定推测用can't。例如：If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿， 他此时一定还未到家。5、should和 ought to表示"想必一定，按理应该”的意思。例如：I ought to be able to live on my salary.靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。They should be there by now, I thi

40、nk.现在他们该至 U那儿了。6、had better表示"最好"，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.大相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。She'd better not play with the dog.她最好不要玩耍那条狗。7、would rather 表示"宁愿"would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than 宁愿而不愿。I would rather stay here

41、 than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.宁愿呆在这 儿，而不愿回家。8、will 和 would1） would like； would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：Would you like to go with me?想和我一块去吗？2） Will you ? Would you like 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some,而不是any。就如：Would you like some cake?吃点蛋糕吧。3）否定结构中用will , 一般不用would, won&#

42、39;t you是一种委婉语气。Won't you sit down?你不坐下吗？9、 need这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带 to。1）实义动词：need （需要，要求）need + n. / to do sth2）情态动词：need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not例如：Need you go yet?你要走了吗？Yes, I must. / No, I needn't是的,我要走了 /不,不急着走。9、情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答否定回答Need y

43、ou ？Yes, I must.No, I needn'tMust you ？No, I don't have to.10、带to的情态动词带to的情态动词有：ought to, have to, used to它们的疑问、否定形式应予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month剂们必须在月底前付帐单吗?She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen她十四岁前，她不会打网球。You ought not to have told he

44、r all about让你不应该告诉他所有这件事。Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?练习冠词1. You don ' t need to wear uniform for interview.A. a, a B. an, anC. /, anD. a, an1. There will be exhibition in this hall next Sunday.A. an B. a C. the D./2. I play piano every day and I play badminton on Saturday.A. the;

45、 the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the4. He's been to Los Angeles, U.S.A before.A. / B. an C. a D. the5. What hard workers the farmers are doing.A. aB. anC. theD. /6. There is" s" in the word".festival”A. aB. an C. theD. /7. Britain is European country.A. theB. a C. / D. an代词1. of the t

46、wins are dancers.A. AllB. BothC. NeitherD. None2. She weighs _60_kilograms now.（对划线部分提问）does she weigh now ?3. There is milk left in the fridge. Go and buy some.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little4. Liuxiang and Yaoming are world-famous sports stars. of them set a good exampl to us.A. Both B. AllC. N

47、eitherD. None5. We will have a picnic tomorrow. Have you bought food, Grace?A. enough B. manyC. a lot D. several6. In 2010, we will welcome the friends from countries.A. another B. the otherC. otherD. others7. -Would you like some milk?-Yes. but just.A. a little B. a fewC. littleD. few8. I don '

48、 t like the sweeoon cakes. Give me those salty with meat.A. oneB. someC. othersD. ones9. May has eaten rice dumplings, so she is very full now.A. too many B. too muchC. a littleD. much10. He is new here, so he has friends.A. little B. a little C. fewD. a few11. Would you like rice to eat?A. some muc

49、h B. any muchC. some more D. much more12. I don ' t like this tight pair of jeans. Do you have larger ?A. oneB.onesC.one ' sD.once13. Did you do over the weekend?'A. special something B. something special C. special anything D. anything special14. Too homework really makes the students f

50、eel tired.A. manyB. muchC. fewD. little15. Today, many people travel to places by train or by plane.A other B the other C others D the others形容词、副词1. Chinese New Year is always in January or February.A. early, early B. late, earlyC. early, late D. late, late2. Playing basketball is an activity while

51、 doing puzzles is an one.A. outdoor, outdoor B. outdoor, indoor C. indoor, outdoor D. indoor, indoor3. I should say that I like your idea. (real ,really )4. Joe will be 50 centimeters when she is 25 years old.A. tall B. taller C. tallestD. the tallest5. The king was and look at Qu Yuan.A. sad, sadly

52、 B. sad, sadC. sadly, sadly D. sadly, sad6. Watermelon is one kind of fruits.(season)7. It is for man to go to the sun.(possibly)8. My mother is slim and beautiful.(划线提问) your mother ?9. His favorite sport is playing football.(意思相同)He playing football.10. Nowadays,it ' s very difficult a good jo

53、b.A. to find B. to look for C. find D. look for11. We must wear winter uniforms in AprilA. earlyB. lateC. laterD. earlier12. Jim is shorter and fatter than I because his diet is than my diet.A. healthierB. much unhealthy C. less healthyD. less healthier13. He speaks English his ant.A. as good as B.

54、as well as C. as better as D. as best as14. There is to see in this place.A. anything new B. new anything C. nothing new D. new nothing15. He ran to catch the early bus.A. fast enough B. enough fast C. too fastD. fast too时态和语态1. Angela Japan for two months.A. has been to B .has been in C. has gone t

55、o D. has to go to2. His hobby is(take) photos in his free time.3. Tom andBob are both 12 years old. They(bear)in thesameyear.4. youyour exercise book to school (bring)?Sorry,Ileft itathome.5. The kinga battle and killed himself.(lose ,lost)6. He has to finish the work today份定旬)He to finish the work

56、today.7. I had a headache because I watched too much television峨提问) you a headache?8. Mary，snished her homework.伐U线提问)Mary?9. We are happy that there a Disney theme park in Pudong Newing District.A. will have B. have C. will be D. are going to be10. They their success in that meeting hall last night. (celebration)11. The famous singer sang two songs for all of us last nigh t.(改为一般疑问旬) the famous singer two songs for all of us last night?12. - Where' s Mike-He