不定式和动名词的比较高中英语

1、知识点讲解： 不定式和动名词1，各个时态和语态的结构。不定式动名词共同点不单独作谓语性质具有名词、形容词和副词的特征具有动词和名词的性质充当成分主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语主语、宾语、表语和定语肯定式To do He didn't know where to go.Doing I like watching TV on weekends.否定式Not to do He asked me not to go swimming today.Not doing What is reason for your not coming to school now ? 被动语态To be d

2、oneI have some clothes to be washed today.Being doneMost people are afraid of being alone.进行时To be doing It's nice to be lying on the beach./完成时To have done I am very happy to have helped you.Having done He denied having met her before.完成被动式To have been doneHaving been doneHaving been given such

3、 a good chance, he planned to work hard.完成进行时To have been doingTom seemed to have been reading a novel./2，作主语不定式动名词1，作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。To grasp English in a short time is not easy.在短时间内掌握英语不容易。Getting up early is good for your health. 早起对于你的健康有帮助。Reading English often is very important i

4、n learning a foreign language.经常读英语对于学习一门外语很重要。2，某些句型结构中也用it作形式主语,真正主语放在后边.It is /wasto do sth. E.g.It is not easy to grasp English in a short time. 在短时间内掌握英语是不容易的。It was important for him to solve the problem then.当时对于他来说，解决这个问题是重要的。It is no use/useless/good doing sth.E.g. It is no use talking with

5、 him about it. 和他谈论这件事是没用的。I dont think it is any good calling to him.我认为给他打电话没用。2,做表语。不定式动名词1，作表语都跟在Be 动词后面构成细表结构作表语：联系动词一般都是be。不定式作表语一般结构是：be to do sth.例：Our duty is to clean the office and the windows in it. 我们的责任是打扫办公室以及把办公室里的窗户擦干净。 His dream is to become an expert in computer in the future. 他的梦

6、想是将来成为一名电脑方面的专家。1，作表语。动名词作表语往往表示抽象意义的动作(动作性不强)，而不表示具体的某次动作。例：My work is teaching you English. 我的工作是教你英语。Her greatest pleasure was watching TV at home.她最大的乐趣就是在家看电视。3,做宾语不定式动名词1.多在单宾语及物动词后用作宾语，有时也可用在某些复合宾语及物动词及个别双宾语及物动词后。例：I want to have a walk after supper. 晚饭后我想去散步。 He considered it his duty to sup

7、port his family. 他认为支撑他的家庭是他的责任。 She doesnt know how to run the machine. 她不知道如何操作这台机器。1，做宾语I did remember seeing him somewhere last Sunday.我确实记得上个周日在某个地方见过他。Before class, you will be asked to stop talking and smoking.上课之前，你需要停止说话及吸烟。Would you mind opening the window for me?你介意为我把窗户打开吗？2.不定式作宾语的结构为：及

8、物动词+ to do. 动词常用：advise, agree, ask, begin, continue, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, mean, pretend, start, try, want, wish等。2,后面可以跟动名词的常用动词有admit,enjoy,miss,escape,pardon.avoid,excuse,prevent,postpone,consider,finish,delay,imagine,deny,keep,involve,resist,risk, dislike,mind,forgi

9、ve,can't stand,can't help等3.跟介词后的动词必须用动名词形式，充当介词的宾语。例：I am thinking of going to travel in Europe.我正在考虑去欧洲旅行。Thank you for bringing me such a beautiful gift.谢谢你给我带来这么漂亮的礼物。4，做定语不定式动名词1，作定语可表示主谓、动宾、地点、时间、方式等多种语义关系。Do you still have anything to say? 你还有什么要说的吗？Mr. Li is the first to get to the l

10、ibrary.李先生是第一个到达图书馆的人。注意：不定式作定语必须放在所修饰的名词后，与所修饰的名词可以是逻辑上的主谓关系或逻辑上的动宾关系。1，作定语例：A swimming pool is being built in the park. 公园里正在建一个游泳池。Your teaching method is a little out of time.你的教学方法有点过时了。注意：动名词作定语说明所修饰名词的用途，而不表示进行的动作。2，如果不定式是不及物动词，则后面须跟一个介词。例：We have nothing to worry about. 我们没有什么可担心的。 The Pierr

11、es had only a cold room to live in. 皮尔斯一家只有一间寒冷的房间居住。 She has no chair to sit on.她没有椅子坐。5，不定式做状语：表示多种语义，如目的、原因、程度等。例：They went out to have a walk. (表示目的) 他们出去散步。 I was really surprised to hear the news. (原因) 听到这个消息我真的很吃惊。 He is too young to join the army. (结果) 他太年轻了以至于不能参军。 To tell you the truth, I

12、dont like our Chinese teacher. (修饰全句) 告诉你实话，我不喜欢我们的语文老师。6. 不定式作补语例：They want us to keep silent. 他们希望我们保持安静。 He asked me to turn down the radio. 他让我把收音机的声音调低。不定式作补语结构为：及物动词+ sb./sth. to do7，不定式形容词补足语：用在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明。例：We are very glad to meet you again. 很高兴再次见到你。8，注意事项：（1） 不定式 如果及物动词为使役动词

13、(let, have, make) 或感觉动词(see, hear, watch, notice, listen to, look at, feel等)，动词不定式不带“to”。 例：He made us sweep the floor three times a day. 他让我们一天打扫三次地板。I saw him leave the meeting room early. 我看见他很早离开了会议室。We always hear her sing popular songs. 我们总是听见她唱流行歌曲。I noticed the man enter the store. 我注意到这个男人进

14、入了商场。His mother made him write a two-thousand-word article. 他的妈妈让他写一篇2000字的文章。但该类句子变为被动句时则要加上“to”。例：We were made to sweep the floor three times a day. 我们被要求一天打扫三次地板。He was seen to leave the meeting room early. 有人看到他很早离开了会议室。She is always heard to sing the popular songs. 人们总是听到她唱流行歌曲。The man was noti

15、ced to enter the store. 有人注意到这个男人进了商场。He was made to write a two-thousand-word article. 他被要求写一篇3000字的文章。 help后的不定式“to”可有可无。例：Would you please help me (to) look for my lost necklace? 你能帮助我寻找丢失的项链吗？She helps me (to) learn to drive. 她帮我学开车。2. 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态的变化，见下表：一般地说，(1) 如果不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后，用不定式的一般时

16、来表示。(2) 如果不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前，用不定式的完成时。(3) 如果不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生，用不定式的进行时或一般时。例：I hope to see the film Titanic. (之后) 我希望看泰坦尼克号这部电影。 They are said to be playing football on the playground now. (同时) 有人说他们正在操场上踢足球。 They seemed to have heard about the news already. (之前) 他们似乎已经听说了这个消息。 Im sorry to have wasted your

17、 time. (之前) 很抱歉浪费了你的时间。注意：不定式的逻辑主语(一般为句子主语)是不定式动作的承受者时，需用不定式的被动式。例：Tom doesnt like to be praised in public. 汤姆不喜欢在公众场合被表扬。 He asked to be sent to work there. 他要求被派往那里工作。 Its an honor for him to have been invited to the party. 对于他来说被邀请参加这个聚会是件荣幸的事。不定式在easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, heavy, expensive

18、等形容词后作状语，用主动形式表示被动意义。例：It is difficult to understand. 这件事很难理解。The work is hard to do。这个工作很难做。The box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子搬起来很重。若不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系，但与另一词有主谓关系，往往用主动形式表示被动意义。例：He has a meeting to attend. 他有个会议要参加。 We still have many things to do 我们仍有很多事情要做。3. 注意事项 在“It is +形容词+ for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中

19、，如果形容词是用于说明事情的，介词用for；如果形容词是用于说明人的，介词则选用of。说明人的形容词主要有：clever, careless, foolish, good, polite, kind, right, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong, brave, selfish等。例：It is impossible for us to finish the work in a month. 对于我们来说在一个月内完成这项工作是不可能的。It is not easy for me to learn so many subjects together。对于我来说

20、同时学习这么多课程是不容易的。It is kind of you to say so.你这么说真好。It is impolite of you to stare at others. 你盯着某人看是不礼貌的。It was careless of her to break the glass. 她不小心打破了玻璃。 不定式符号“to”的有无 had better do something 最好would rather do something 宁愿would like to do something 想做例：Youd better stay here for another week. 你最好在

21、这儿再待一周。Liuhulan would rather die than give in. 刘胡兰宁愿死亡而不投降。Id like to have a cup of coffee with sugar and milk in. 我想要一杯加糖和牛奶的咖啡。 why, why not引导问句不带to,句型为：疑问词+(not)+动词原形?例：Why spend so much money on such a coat? 为什么花那么多钱买这么一件外套。Why not wear just a flower? 为什么不只戴一朵花呢？ 连接词引导省略主语的陈述句时要加to, 句型为：连接词+to d

22、o sth.例：I really dont know what to do now. 我确实不知道现在干什么。He has no idea where to go。他不知道去哪儿。 情景对话中，省略不定式时，to常要留下。例： Do you want to watch the match? 你想看比赛吗？ Id like to, but Im not free now. 我想看，但是我现在没空。 Would you please try it on? 你想试穿它吗？ I want to, but I havent any money with me. 我想，但是我没带钱。（2） 动名词(1)

23、下列动词后只用动名词: avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest等。例：He finished reading the novel in two days. 他在两天内读完了这本小说。I am considering going there by bicycle. 我正在考虑骑自行车去那儿。I suggested putting off the meeting till next Wednesday. 我建议把这个会议推迟到下周

24、三。I am sorry to miss catching the first bus. 我很遗憾错过了第一班公交车。(2) 下列词组后用动名词：be afraid of, be/get used to, think of, be fond of, cant help, feel like, give up, look forward to, pay attention to, have trouble in , insist on , put off , succeed in等。例：He has been used to living in the city after so many ye

25、ars have passed. 这么多年过去了，他已经习惯了在城市居住。I dont feel like going to see the film now. 我现在不想去看这个电影。3. 下列句型用主动形式表示被动意义：(1) 主语+ be (well) worth +doing某事(很)值得一做(2) 主语+ need/ want/ require +doing某事需要被做 (=主语+ need/ want/ require to be done)例: The TV program is well worth watching. 这个电视节目很值得一看。 The bike needs/

26、wants/ requires repairing immediately. (=The bike needs/ wants/ requires to be repaired immediately.) 这个自行车需要立即修理。4动名词的时态和语态(1) 主动语态一般时表示无时间意义的行为；与谓语行为同时的行为；谓语行为之先的行为；被动行为。例：I dont mind having a cup of whisky at parties. 我不介意在聚会上喝一杯威士忌。The TV set needs repairing again. 这台电视机需要再次修理。(2) 主动语态完成时表示谓语行为之

27、先的行为。例：They were lucky in having found the stolen car. 很幸运他们已经找到了丢失的自行车。(3)被动语态一般时表示其逻辑主语承受的行为。例：The fact of being backed by so many people is a great comfort. 有这么多人支持真是一个巨大的安慰。(4)被动语态完成时表示其逻辑主语在谓语之先承受的行为。例：Do you remember having been sent such an e-mail? 你记得别人发来这么一封邮件吗？动名词的否定形式：在动名词前加否定词not构成。注意复合形

28、式的动名词中not不可置于having或being之后。例：Excuse me for not being able to offer you any help. 很抱歉不能给你提供任何帮助。不定式练习：1.I was _ work last week, but I changed my mind.a. to start b. to have started c. to be starting d. to have been starting2.I intended _ the matter with you, but I had some guests hen.a. discuss b. d

29、iscussing c. having discussed d. to have discussed3.Dont let me catch you _.a. do that again b. to do that again c. doing that again d. done that again4.There are many kinds of metals _.a.each has its special properties b. one has its special propertiesc. each having its special properties d. having

30、 its special properties5.Its pay-day, and theyre waiting _.a. for paying b. to be paid c. to be paying d. to have paid 6._ trouble, Im going to forget the whole affair.a. Then rather cause b. Rather causing c. Rather than cause d. Rather than caused7. The brilliance of his satires was _ make even hi

31、s victims laugh.a. so as to b. such as to c. so that d. such that8.Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined _ high levels of self-confidence.a. possess b. have possessed c. to possess d. possessing9.The worker is _ in repairing the machine to notice my comi

32、ng.a. too busy b. enough busy c. busy too d. busy enough10.“What did you do in the garden?”“I watched my father _ his motorbike.”a. to repair b. repaired c. repairing d. repairs11.We must have an engineer _ the workers build the house.a. to see b. see c. seeing d. seen12.Induction means _ a general

33、conclusion from special facts.a. to come to b. to coming c. coming to d. came13.Im not going to ask the teacher why he gave me that grade; I intend _.a. to let rest the matter b. the matter to be let restingc. letting the matter to rest d. to let the matter rest14.I have tried _ worrying about it.a.

34、 to stop consciously b. to consciously stopc. to conscious stopping d. to stopping consciously15.“Do you want to give a talk on that subject?”“I prefer _ .”a. not want b. not wanting c. to not giving d. not to16.I _ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.a. cannot but admit

35、 b. cannot help but to admitc. cannot but admitting d. cannot help but admitting17.Since she is angry, we _. a. had better leaving her alone b. should leave her alonec. might as well leave her alone d. had rather leave her alone18.I dont allow _ in my office and I dont allow my family _ at all.a. to

36、 smokesmoking b. smokingto smokec. to smoketo smoke d. smokingsmoking19.You should remember _ from the point when you are writing a composition.a. dont wander b. not to wander c. no wandering d. not wander20.Grace advised us to withdraw _. a. so as to get not involved b. so as not to get involvedc.

37、so that to get not involved d. as not to get involved21.He ran all the way up to the station _ that the train had left fifteen minutes before.a. in order to find b. so as to find c. only to find d. such as to find22.George went hunting for a week but still he didnt find a room _.a. to live b. to liv

38、e in c. for living d. to be living in 23.You should really avoid _ at home alone as he is old and ill.a. your father stay b. your father to stay c. your fathers staying d. your father who stays24.John didnt want to risk _ wet as he had only one suit.a. getting b. to get c. being got d. to be gotten2

39、5.Im disappointed with the new officers elected in our club, but there is no point _ about it.a. to worry b. in worrying c. with us worrying d. if we worry26.It wont be any use _ to borrow any more money.a. you to try b. of your trying c. trying you d. your trying27.The law requires all cars _ for s

40、afety and efficiency.a. being tested regularly b. to be regularly testedc. be regularly tested d. regularly tested28.I remember _ to the zoo by my father when I was little.a. being taken b. taking c. have been taken d. to have taken29.I completely forgot _ the front door last night and feel fortunat

41、e that nothing is stolen.a. locking b. being locked c. to lock d. to have locked30.I regret _ you that your application has been refused.a. informing b. being informed c. to be informed d. to inform31.I didnt mean _ anything, but these apples looked so good I couldnt resist _ one.a. to eattrying b.

42、to eato trying c. eatingto try d. eatingto trying32.I know it isnt important but I cant help _ about it. a. but to think b. thinking c. think d. to think33.The ship, _ to a shapeless wreck, was hardly recognizable.a. being reduced b. reducing c. reduced d. having been reducing34.The young doctor cou

43、ld not sleep at night, his thoughts _ him no peace.a. gave b. giving c. being given d. to give35.After a long walk on a hot day, one feels _.a. exhaustive b. exhausting c. exhaust d. exhausted36.Those relatives of his are _ . I dont want to have any dealings with them.a. boring people b. bored peopl

44、e c. people having bored d. people having boring 37.You must follow the directions exactly and if you become _, you must take the time to go back again and reread them.a. to confuse b. confusing c. confuse d. confused38.There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it _.a. checking b. check c

45、. to check d. checked39.He was just about to jump up when he felt something _ near his feet.a. to move b. move c. moving d. moved40._ with the corresponding period of last year, the output of chemical fibers in the first quarter rose by 15%.a. Comparing b. To compare c. Compared d. Compare41.“Was th

46、e rally successful?“No, because the number of _ was smaller than we had expected.”a. people who attend b. attended people c. people attending d. attendance of people42.Uncle Dick has already arrive. Do you expect _ to see him?a. Going b. go c. to go d. that you go43.From the electric refrigerat

47、or Dick takes a carton of cream, another of fresh milk and a can of _ orange juice.a.frozen b. froze c. freezing d. freezed44.He felt bad for _ a chance to study abroad.a. having not given b. not having givenc. having not been given d. not having been given45.In some countries there are already a nu

48、mber of firms _ computer programming.a. specialize in b. specialized in c. specializing in d. specializes in 46.The young man who saw the car _ into the river telephoned the police station.a. plunge b. plunged c. was plunging d. to plunge47.While she was shopping, she kept _ the list to make sure sh

49、e hadnt forgotten anything.a. checked b. checking c. to check d. check48.Youd better _. a. to have your shoes mended b. to have mended your shoesc. have your shoes mended d. having your shoes mended49.The machines are made _ at full speed.a. work b. working c. to work d. to be worked50.It is certain

50、 that men will never stop _ new energy sources to power their growing industry.a. finding b. to find c. having found d. found动名词练习1) Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A) shavings been fined B) to have been finedC) to be fined D) being fined2) My wife said in her

51、letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime.A) to have heard B) to hearC) for hearing D) hearing3) The thief took away the woman's wallet without_.A) being seen B) seeingC) him seeing D) seeing him4) People appreciate _wit him because he has a good sense of humor.A) to work B) to have w

52、orkedC) working D) have working5) I've enjoyed _ to talk with you.A) to be able B) being ableC) to been able D) of being able6) No one can avoid _ by advertisements.A) to be influenced B) being influencedC) influencing D) having influence7) They are considering _ before the prices go up.A) of bu

53、ying the house B) with buying the houseC) buying the house D) to buy the house8) He thought that _.A) the effort doing the job was not worth B) the effort was not worth in doing the jobC) it was not worth the effort doing the job D) it was not worth the effort by doing the job9) If I had remembered _ the door, the things would not have been stolen