高中英语 词汇详解（Module 6　War and Peace）教学素材 外研版选修6

1、知识感悟一、词汇详解1.drown vt.&vi.淹死,使溺死;淹没;(声音等)压过;解(忧愁等);沉溺于【典型例句】 She fell over board and was drowned.她从船上掉入水中淹死了。The noise of the machines drowned his voice.机器声将他的声音淹没了。It is no use trying to drown your sorrows in drink.想借酒消愁于事无补。He drowned himself in work.他埋头工作。【相关链接】 drown oneself in 埋头于drown out淹没

2、;压过(另一声音)be/get drowned淹死,溺死drown oneself投水(自杀)eyes drowned in tears泪汪汪的眼睛be drowned in fishing对钓鱼入迷了英汉互译(1)小女孩掉进湖里淹死了。_答案:The little girl fell into the lake and drowned. (2)听众的欢呼声淹没了这位教授的声音。_答案:The cheers of the audience drowned the professors voice. (3)She turned up the radio to drown out the nois

3、e of the traffic._答案:她放大收音机的音量以压过来往车辆的嘈杂声。2.last vi.&vt.持续;持久;保持良好状态;维持;度过;够用【典型例句】 How long will the meeting last?会议要开多久?These shoes will last.这些鞋经久耐穿。Our water will not last long.我们的水快要用完了。He is very ill,and isnt expected to last the night.他病得厉害,估计拖不过今夜。The food will last us a few more days.食品

4、够我们再吃几天。【要点归纳】 last作不及物动词用时,常与一段时间状语连用。last 10 days 持续十天也可用作:last sb.+一段时间last out 还够用,支持下去;经得起;拖过【相关链接】 last,continue和go on的区别last 强调时间上的持续;continue和go on继续某一特定行为或保持某一特定情况。前者可作及物或不及物动词;后者为不及物动词。The desert continued as far as the eye could see.沙漠连绵不断，一眼望不到边。If you go on like this,youll make big mist

5、akes some day.如果你继续这样下去，将有一天你要犯大错误。单项填空(1)Will this fish _ until tomorrow?Only if you put it in the fridge.A.keepB.lastC.stayD.remain 提示:keep表示“保存食物;不使食物腐烂”。而last表示某动作“持续”,stay和remain表示“维持,不改变”,这些意思和本句话的语境均不相符。答案:A (2)The weather report says the rain will_ until the end of next week.A.keepB.lastC.st

6、ayD.move提示:句意:天气预报说雨一直下到下周末。此处指“下雨”动作的持续。答案:B3.occupy vt.占领;占(时间,空间);占用;(常与oneself连用或作被动式)使忙碌,使从事;担任(职务)【典型例句】 The enemy soon occupied the town.敌人很快占领了这个城镇。Reading occupies most of my free time.阅读占去了我大部分空闲时间。The bathroom is occupied.浴室有人在用。She is occupied in writing a novel.她忙于写小说。He occupied himsel

7、f with various research projects.他终日从事各种研究计划。【要点归纳】 occupy是一个多义词,但它的引申义都基于“占据”这个意思。occupy oneself in/with使自己忙于be occupied in忙于【相关链接】 occupation n.职业;消遣;占有What is his occupation?他的职业是什么?单项填空(1)When I returned from WC,I found my seat already _.A.possessedB.ownedC.occupiedD.invaded提示:句意:当我从洗手间回来时,发现座位已

8、让人占了。A项和B项指财产的拥有;invade指“入侵”。答案:C (2)All the boys were all _in counting their little gifts on the morning of Christmas Day.A.occupiedB.devotedC.eagerD.attracted提示:be occupied in指忙着做某事。devote构成短语be devoted to专注于;eager构成短语be eager to do sth.渴望做某事。attract构成短语be attracted by被所吸引。答案:A4.abandon vt.放弃;抛弃;(

9、与oneself连用)使放纵;使听任【典型例句】 The crew abandoned the burning ship.水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。She abandoned herself to despair.她陷入绝望之中。【要点归纳】 abandon oneself to沉湎于,陷入【相关链接】 abandon和desert的区别abandon 强调“完全、永远地遗弃”,尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物,如:She abandoned

10、 her child.她遗弃了她的孩子。desert 强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”,如:The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.那个士兵叛国投敌。英汉互译(1)因为下雨比赛停止了。_答案:They abandoned the game because of rain. (2)司机把汽车抛在雪地里。_答案:The driver abandoned his car in the snow. (3)The guard was punished for deserting his post._答案:卫兵因擅离职守而受到处罚。

11、(4)He has become so rude that his friends are deserting him._答案:他变得十分粗野,朋友们都不和他来往了。5.pick up搭车;救起;拾起;偶然学会(获得);收拾;整理;收到信号;重新开始;恢复健康;加快速度【典型例句】 Well send the ambulance to pick him up.我们要派一辆救护车把他接走。They picked up the survivors in the lifeboat.他们救起了救生艇里的幸存者。The children picked up many sea shells at the

12、seashore.孩子们在海边捡到许多贝壳。Where did you pick up your technical skill? 你的技术是在哪儿学的? Its time to pick up tools and go home.现在是收拾工具回家的时候了。The enemy planes are picked up by our radar installations.敌机被我们的雷达发现了。He picked up the story where he had left it the day before.他接着往下讲前天没讲完的故事。A bit of exercise will pic

13、k you up.你稍微运动运动会恢复健康的。About a mile out of the station the train began to pick up speed.出站大约一英里,火车开始加速。【相关链接】 pick at一点一点地吃pick on选择;(作挨骂或受罚对象)挑中(某人)Why pick on me?为什么偏偏挑中我?pick out挑选,选出；分辨出单项填空(1)Youre coughing badly,Martin.Why not give up smoking?Give up smoking? Easier said than done,Amy.Once you

14、 _the habit of smoking,it is very hard for you to_.A.keep up;break it awayB.take up;drop it outC.pick up;get rid of itD.build up;do away with it提示:pick up 的本义是“捡起”,用在此处可表示“形成”;get rid of 有“除去”之意。答案:C (2)Kathy_ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.A.picked upB.took upC.made upD.

15、turned up提示:句意:凯西凭着与当地的孩子们玩耍的时候学会了西班牙语。pick up 有“获得,学会”之意;took up从事,后面的宾语往往是行业或事业;made up 意为“构成,编造,弥补”;turn up表示“出现”。答案:A6.overlook vt. 俯视;往下看;忽略;宽恕【典型例句】 The house on the hill overlooks the valley.小山上的房子俯瞰着山谷。My calculation was wrong because I overlooked one tiny point.由于我忽略了一个细微之处,我的计算错了。He has be

16、en kind enough to overlook my fault.他很宽容,原谅了我的错误。【相关链接】 overlook,ignore,neglect的区别overlook v.忽略,疏漏,指有意识地遗漏,也可以指无意识地忽略。The mother overlooked her little boys bad behavior.那位母亲忽视了她小儿子的不良行为。ignore v.忽视,不理睬,指有意识地拒绝。She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走过来,但是装作没看见。neglect v.忽视,忽略,疏忽,指无意识地忽视、忘记。He ne

17、glected to make repairs in his house.他忘记了修理房子。选词填空overlook/ignore/neglect(1)_the child if he misbehaves,and hell soon stop.答案:Ignore (2)You have _several of the mistakes in this work.答案:overlooked/neglected (3)He was so busy that he _his health.答案:neglected (4)Dennis _the warning and put his hand in

18、to the lions cage.答案:ignored (5)He was dismissed for _his duty.答案:neglecting (6)I will _your late arrival because it is the first time.答案:overlook7.weary vt.使人疲倦;使人厌烦adj.疲劳的;厌烦的【典型例句】 The long voyage wearied us.长时间的航行使我们疲惫不堪。He wearied me to death.他把我烦死了。It was a long,weary journey.那是一个漫长的,令人疲惫不堪的旅程

19、。She grew weary of staying home.老待在家中,她感到厌烦了。【要点归纳】be weary of对已厌烦了【相关链接】wear vt.使疲乏,使厌烦;使筋疲力竭wear sb.out 使某人疲乏英汉互译(1)他感到身心疲劳。_答案:He feels weary in body and mind. (2)他的一再要求使我对他感到厌烦。_答案:He wearied me with his requests. (3)He was growing weary of reading._答案:他对读书渐感厌倦。8.condemn vt.责难;谴责;判刑【典型例句】 We con

20、demn his foolish behavior.我们谴责他的愚蠢行为。The Nazis were condemned for their cruelty over the Jewish.纳粹党由于他们对于犹太人的残忍而受到谴责。The judge condemned the thief to one year of hard labor.法官判这个贼服一年苦役。汉译英(1)我们因为他行为不良而责备他。_答案:We condemned him for his bad conduct. (2)这个罪犯被判死刑。_答案:The criminal was condemned to death.9

21、.rescue vt.&vi.&n.营救;拯救【典型例句】 The life boat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship. 救生艇被派出去营救那艘沉船上的水手。Rescue was at hand.救援近在咫尺。We came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.我们来救他,把他从河里拉了出来。【相关链接】 come to sb.s rescue进行援救rescue sb.from.从中救出某人英汉互译(1)他们营救那个孩子脱险。_答案:The

22、y rescued the boy from danger. (2)A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation._答案:有个富有的赞助人慷慨捐赠来解救我们。10.view n.观点;视野;观看;景色【典型例句】 She tried writing out her views.她试着把自己的想法写下来。The Great Wall came into our view.长城出现在我们眼前。Theres a fine view of the lake from our hotel window.从我们旅馆的窗口可以看到

23、湖的美丽风光。【相关链接】view，scene，sight，scenery的区别view“风景,景色”,通常指从某人特定(或许较高的)位置所见到的景物。scene指展现在眼前的情景,也可以指scenery的一部分,大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。He is a painter of street scenes.他是一个画街景的画家。sight指所见的“景象,情景;景观;名胜”,表示景象时,与scene同义。What a sad sight it was!多么可怕的景象啊!scenery“风景”,指某地的自然风景,是不可数的集体名词,不能与不定冠词连用。Hangzhou is world famo

24、us for its beautiful scenery.杭州以它美丽的景色而闻名。选词填空view/scene/scenery/sight(1)I enjoyed the breathtaking_ of the moon rising over the sea.答案: scene (2)The _from the front of the mountain hotel is even more beautiful.答案:view (3)Taxis and buses were part of the street _.答案:scene (4)The _ of all the blood o

25、n the ground made her feel sick.答案:sight (5)To get a better _of the valley,we climbed to the top of the hill.答案:view (6)The _ as one travels by boat along the Changjiang Three Gorges is marvellous.答案:scenery (7)After the fire,the house was a terrible _.答案:sight/scene11.senseless adj.无意义的;欠思考的;不省人事的【

26、典型例句】His decision is quite senseless.他的决定非常愚蠢。There are lots of senseless scenes in this film.这部电影中有许多毫无意义的场景。The fall knocked me senseless.那一跤摔得我失去了知觉。【相关链接】sense n.感官;感觉;意义;判断力;意识vt.感觉;意识到in a sense在某一方面;就某种意义来说make sense有意义;意思清楚;有道理make sense of理解;懂;明白no sense in没道理;没有意义单项填空(1)I have read the mat

27、erial several times but it doesnt make any _to me.A.meaningB.importance C.senseD.significance提示:doesnt make any sense没有意义。答案:C (2)Mr.Blake is very popular because of his good _of humour.A.senseB.emotionC.feelingD.thought提示:a sense of humour幽默感。答案:A12.sacrifice n.牺牲;(供奉神的)祭品 vt.牺牲;献出;献祭【典型例句】 Parents

28、 often make sacrifices for their children.父母亲常常为子女作出牺牲。A lamb was offered in sacrifice.一只小羊被用作祭祀。She has sacrificed herself to her husbands interests.为了丈夫的利益,她牺牲了自己。【要点归纳】 at a sacrifice亏本(出售)sacrifice.for （to）为而牺牲,牺牲而换得make sacrifices (a sacrifice) to为作出牺牲英汉互译(1)他为救小孩而献出了自己的生命。_答案:He sacrificed his

29、 life to save the child. (2)我作出重大牺牲,把弟弟送去美国进修。_答案:I made big sacrifices to send my brother to America for further study. (3)You must not sacrifice studies for pleasure._答案:你不能为享乐而牺牲学业。13.despite prep.不管;不顾;任凭【典型例句】 He went to work despite his illness.尽管生病,他还是去工作。Despite advanced years,she is learnin

30、g to drive.尽管年事已高,她还在学习开车。【要点归纳】 despite相当于in spite of,它们都是介词。而though/although是连词,后面接让步状语从句。如:He went to work though it was raining.单项填空_the fact that he is in poor health,Black is still addicted to alcohol.A.DespiteB.In spiteC.AsD.Although提示:句意:尽管他身体已跨下来了,但是布莱克还是沉溺于饮酒中。despite是介词,后接the fact作宾语。答案:A

31、二、句型剖析1.either.or.要么要么【典型例句】 Either my father or my brothers are coming.要么我父亲来,要么我的兄弟们来。Is either he or you wrong?是他错了还是你错了?Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改进你的工作,要么我辞退你。There are two ways of rising in the world,either by your own industry or by the folly of others.在世界上要获

32、得成功的方法有二:一是靠自己的勤奋;二是靠他人的愚蠢。Some of the insects do noting to either help or harm us.有些昆虫对我们既无益也无害。【要点归纳】 either.or.是并列连词组,可连接并列名词、并列动词、并列动词不定式,也可连接并列的分句。either.or.连接并列主语时,谓语的数要遵照“就近原则”。【相关链接】 neither.nor.既不又不not only.but also.不仅而且这两个句型的用法与either.or.相同。单项填空(1)Either you or the headmaster _the prizes t

33、o these gifted students at the meeting.A.is handing outB.are to hand outC.are handing outD.is to hand out提示:谓语的数与headmaster一致。is to do表示“打算;计划”。句意:要么是你要么是校长要在会议上给这些有天赋的学生颁奖。答案:D (2)Neither her father nor her mother would give _ permission to buy that CD player.A.hisB.theirC.herD.ones提示:neither.nor.连

34、接并列主语时,谓语的数要遵守就近原则,代词也应遵守邻近原则,但如果题干中的permission变为复数形式,则要用their。答案:C汉译英(3)你说英语还是说法语？很抱歉，这两种语言我都不会说。_答案：Do you speak either English or French?Im sorry,I dont speak either.2.too.to.【典型例句】 Too nervous to reply,he stared at the floor.他眼睛盯着地面,紧张得答不上来。The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.这

35、道数学题太难我解不出来。It is never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。He is too sad to hear the bad news.听到这个不幸的消息他太悲伤了。She is too kind not to be stupid.她太善良,不免有些愚蠢。He is only too willing to do everything in his power.他很愿意做一切力所能及的事。【要点归纳】 (1)当too.to.用来修饰表示态度、情绪、倾向等的形容词时,不定式为肯定意义。这样的形容词有anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,r

36、eady,willing等。(2)too.for sb.to do太以至于某人不能(3)not/never too.to.,意为“并不太所以能”。(4)too.not to.,意为“太不免会”“非常不会不”。(5)too.to.前面有 only,but,all时,only too,but too和all too 相当于very,后面的不定式也表示肯定。单项填空(1)They are often _busy or tired to cook dinner for the family at night,and fast-food restaurants are a great help to t

37、hem.A.veryB.soC.suchD.too提示:句意:到了晚上,他们太忙或是太累,不能给家人做饭,于是快餐店便帮了大忙。答案:D (2)Why not travel to Tibet this year since Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been already opened?Im afraid that the journey is _long for me.A.quiteB.veryC.tooD.so提示:too.for sb.是一个习惯句型,意为“对于某人来说太了”。答案:C英译汉(3)The students are too pleased to

38、speak English with the foreigners._答案:学生们很乐意同外国人讲英语。3.独立主格结构【典型例句】 He stood silent in the moon-light,his door open.月光下,门开着,他默默地站在那里。Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。More time given,we should have done it much better.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会做得更好。Here are the first two volumes,the third one

39、to come out next month.这是前两卷,第三卷将于下月问世。The huntsman entered the forest,gun in hand.那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。Lunch over,he left the house.午饭结束后,他离开了屋子。He fought the wolf,a stick his only weapon.他和狼搏斗着,唯一的武器是一根棍棒。With a boy leading the way,they started towards the village.由一个小男孩领着路,他们朝那个村子去了。【要点归纳】 (1) 独立主格结构在句

40、法上独立于句子主体之外,跟主句没有任何句法联系;但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起,共同构成一个完整的语意环境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,只有逻辑上的主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句隔开。(2)独立主格结构可分为两部分,一部分是名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。(3)独立主格结构前面也可加一个介词with，构成with的复合结构。(4)独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间

41、、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。单项填空(1)_an important meeting tomorrow,I have to prepare for it.A.There isB.There will beC.There beingD.There to be提示:“There being an important meeting”是there be的独立主格形式,作原因状语。答案:C (2)He entered the room,_.A.his nose was red with coldB.and his nose red with coldC.his nose red with co

42、ld D.his nose been red with cold提示:his nose red with cold是独立主格结构作伴随状语，构成形式是:n.+adj.。答案:C (3)All things_,I think we ought to give the job to Mike.A.consideringB.consideredC.having considered D.are considered提示:All things considered作条件状语。构成形式是:n.+done。答案:B (4)_the temperature falling so rapidly,we cou

43、ldnt go on with the experiment.A.SinceB.ForC.AsD.With提示:since,as后面都要接从句,for作为介词时也不能接复合宾语。答案:D三、语法解读虚拟语气1.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型:条件从句主句过去完成时should/would/could/might+have+过去分词If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.如果她工作努力的话,她就会成功了。(她以前工作并没有努力,也没有成功)The rice would not have been burnt if you had bee

44、n more careful.如果你小心一些的话,米饭就不会烧焦了。If my lawyer had been here last Saturday,he would have prevented me from going.如果我的律师上一星期六在这儿的话,他就会阻止我去了。2.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.如果你昨天问一问他的话,你就知道现在做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实

45、相反。)If it had rained last night (过去),it would be very cold today (现在).如果昨天晚上下雨的话,现在就会很冷了。3.虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。Were they here now,they could help us.=If they were here now,they could help us.如果他们现在在这儿的话,他们就会帮助我们了。Had you come earlier,you would

46、have met him.=If you had come earlier,you would have met him.如果你早来点的话,就会见到他了。Should it rain,the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain,the crops would be saved.如果下雨的话,庄稼就会得救了。4.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类含蓄虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的有but for(要不是的话),but that(要不是),without(

47、如果没有),supposing(假设),provided(倘若),so that/in order that,if only(要是就好了);otherwise(or else)(要不然)。But that she was afraid,she would have said no.要不是她害怕的话,她就会说“不”了。She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.她认真地听着,目的是为了发现他真正想要的东西。If only I had more money,I could buy a

48、car.要是我有更多的钱,我就会买辆车了。单项填空(1)If you_that movie late last night,you wouldnt be so sleepy.A.havent watchedB.didnt watchC.hadnt watchedD.wouldnt have watched 提示:这是一个与过去的事实相反的假设。非真实条件句中用had done形式。答案:C (2)_ to do the work,I should do it some other day.A.If were IB.I wereC.Were ID.Was I提示:省略 if的条件句,用were,should,had+主语的形式。但这种倒装不用缩写式。例如:可用Were I not to do.,而不用 Werent I to do.答案:C (3)_your generous help,we could not be living a happy life today.A.In spite ofB.But for C.Because ofD.As for 提示:But for相当于If it hadnt been，意为“要不是”。答案:B (4)Would you have t