英语专业英译汉课件

1、Chinese-English Translation CourseUnit OneError Analysis: Part One On the test paperI. Choose the one which is proper and idiomatic .1. Our home, once full of laughters, now deafens us with its silence.译文A: 我们的家，曾经充满了欢声笑语，现在却充 满了令人震耳欲聋的沉寂。译文B: 我们的家，曾经充满了欢声笑语，现在却十分安 静。2. There are few of us but admir

2、e his courage. 译文A: 我们人人都佩服他的勇气。 译文B: 我们中很少有人佩服他的勇气。3. All cities did not look like as they do today. 译文A: 在过去，城市面貌并不都像今天这样千篇一律。 译文B: 过去，城市面貌与现在完全不同。4. To starve oneself emotionally is a mistake. 译文A: 不满足自己感情上的需要是一种错误。 译文B: 使自己的感情挨饥受饿是一种错误。5.The bosss girl Friday called me. 译文A: 老板的女儿星期五打电话给我了。 译文B:

3、 老板的女秘书打电话给我了6. Marriage bed is full of roses and thorns. 译文A: 婚姻总是有苦有甜。 译文B: 婚姻的花坛里既长鲜花也生荆棘。7. I never go past that kindergarten but think of my happy childhood there. 译文A: 每当我走过那所幼儿园，我就回想起在那里度过的 幸福童年。 译文B: 尽管我从未经过那所幼儿园，但是我回想起在那里度过的幸福童年8. And soon over the whole surface of the marsh, a great cloud

4、of birds hung screaming and circling in the air. 译文A: 很快就有一块乌云似的一大群野鸟在沼泽上空惊叫着，盘旋着。 译文B: 很快就有黑压压的一大群野鸟在沼泽上空惊叫着，盘旋着。9. SS guards then shoved each prisoner in the direction the doctor had indicated. 译文A: 希特勒的党卫军按医生所指的方向推着被监禁者。 译文B: 希特勒的党卫军按医生所指的方向推着犯人。10. Thus it was that our little romantic friend for

5、med visions of the future for herself. 译文A: 我们的小朋友一脑袋幻想，憧憬着美丽的未来。 译文B: 我们浪漫的小朋友憧憬着美好的未来。II. Improve the Chinese version. 1. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. 译文： 他又皱又黑，头发灰白稀疏。2. Wall Street is a dog-eat-dog place. 译文：华尔街是个狗咬狗的地方。3. All freely falling bodies descend from the same heigh

6、t in equal time. 译文：一切自由降落的物体，从同样的高度，以相等的时 间下降。 4. Why waste breath on them, who have turned such an unwilling ear? 译文：为什么对他们浪费口舌呢？他们又不愿意听。5. We have plenty of company in the way of wagonloads and mule-loads of tourists and dust. 译文：跟我们做伴的人真不少，有乘马车的，有骑骡子的 一路尘土飞扬。 6. His speech leaves no room to impr

7、ovement. 译文：他的演讲没有改进的余地。 7. He thought, not very vividly, of his father and mother. 译文：他并不是很鲜明地想到了他的爸爸和妈妈。 8. Casualties were taken to several hospitals in southwestern Georgia, some of which operated on backup generators. 译文：伤亡人员被送往佐治亚州西南部的几所医院里，其中一些伤者在备用发电机的帮助下动了手术。 9. To cure his patients, he rel

8、ied on a palette of remedies that included modern science, folk medicine and plain common sense. 译文：为了治疗患者，他运用了调色板方法，其中包括现代科技、民间药物和自己的直觉。 10. Struggle and submission are before the colonial people; this leads to slavery, that to freedom. 译文：殖民地人民面临着两条道路：斗争和屈服。前者导致奴役，后者通往自由。 III. Translate the follow

9、ing sentences into Chinese. 1. All the time spent online has left many young infotech workers without much time for life offline.2. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking.3. Nowhere has the impact of family breakup b

10、een more profound than in our school. Principals report a dramatic rise in the aggressive, acting-out behavior characteristic of children living in single-parent families.4. Books are of the people, by the people, for the people. To some extent, book-friends have some advantages over living friends.

11、5. This victory means the victory of civilization over ignorance, of science over superstition and of truth over falsehood.6. My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.7. The

12、 book describes the march of civilization from ancient Egyptian times to the present.8. It was diamond cut diamond when the two men met because they were both so sure their own ideas were right.9. She is always finding excuse for her failure by saying that I cant make bricks without straw; in fact,

13、carelessness is her heel of Achilles.10. Mr. White is a very white man. He has been feeling blue today. When I saw him, he was in a brown mood. I hope he'll soon be in the pink again.IV. Translate the following passages into Chinese. 1. Online newspapers are a look into the future, and just pond

14、ering it raises the question of whether it isnt nicer getting your daily news curled up in your favorite chair with your ballpoint pen handy to circle items of interest, or scissors ready to snip out articles you want to save. 在线报纸是对未来的一种窥视。只需沉思片刻你就能提出这样一个问题：每天蜷缩在舒适的椅子上，顺手用圆珠笔将你所关心的内容圈划下来，或用剪刀将你想保存的

15、文章剪下来，这样是不是更好一些？ The rest of the world is moving into cyberspace more slowly than the United States, and, in the developing world, the Internet has hardly penetrated at all. U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan is determined to change this through the United Nations Information Technology Service, whic

16、h will train large numbers of people to tap into the income-enhancing power of the Internet. 与美国相比，世界其他地方进入电子空间的速度较慢，而在发展中国家，因特网几乎还根本没能渗入进去。联合国秘书长科菲·安南决心通过联合国信息技术服务机构来改变这种情况。根据他的计划，该机构将训练大量人员开发互联网的增收潜力。 At Microsoft, Bill Gates predicts that by 2018 major newspapers will “ publish their last pa

17、per editions and move solely to electronic distribution,” and that by 2020 dictionaries will redefine books as “ eBook titles read on screen.” 在微软公司，比尔·盖茨预言到2018年主要报纸将“出版他们的最后一张纸张版本，然后转入完全出版电子读物”，而到2020年，词典将重新将书定义为“供屏幕上看的电子图书”。2. Our challenges may be new. But those values upon which our succes

18、s depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is

19、 a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our chara

20、cter, than giving our all to a difficult task.2 我们可能面临着全新的挑战，但是我们的成功所仰赖的价值标准却是古老的勤劳、诚实、勇气、公正、忍耐、好奇、忠诚和爱国。这些东西都是真实的，它们在整个美国历史上一直是我们取得进步的背后推动力。现在所亟需的是回归这些真理，现在我们需要进入一个新的责任时代需要每个美国人都认识到，我们对自己、对这个国家、对整个世界都负有责任，不是勉强接受的责任，而是当仁不让，应该彻底明白一点，即除非将我们的一切献给一项艰巨的任务，我们的精神无法获得满足、我们的人格也无法获得塑造。Part Two Class activity1

21、.中国人有在正月十五晚上吃元宵、赏花灯的习俗。 Chinese have the custom that they eat sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and appreciate festive lanterns at the night of January 15.2.他的不合作态度使这个项目进展十分缓慢。 The project makes less progress because of his incooperation.3.你们谁想参加春游就在星期五之前报名并交费。 You whoever wants to go spr

22、ing outing please sign up your name and pay dues before Friday.4.我觉得这个店里的衣服即使打六折也还是太贵。 I think the clothes prices in the shop were so expensive even if they are made 60 percent discount.5.就目前情况看，工程造价将会超出预算百分之三十。 With respect to the current situation, the cost of this engineering will exceed 30 perce

23、nt of the budget.6.万一你想取消这次旅行，请至少提前一个月书面通知我们。 If you want to cancel this travel, please tell us by writing at least one month earlier.7.想让他答应如此要求恐怕不大可能。 Im afraid it is impossible for him to agree such requirement.8.在董事会年会上，他提请大家注意一个被普遍忽视的问题。 On the annual board of directors, he reminded everyone to

24、 pay attention to a problem which was ignored in common.9.中国饮茶的风尚，到了第七世纪的唐代，已经相当盛行了（A）。那时日本派有大批的留学生，到中国来学习中国文 化，自然也学会了中国的饮茶(B)。 日本现在的所谓茶道，向西方人士夸说是日本独特的艺术，其实完全是中国的古风，明代以前的烹茶办法（C）。除了日本以外，最讲究喝茶的外国人，应该是英国人了，而英国人懂得喝茶，至今还不过两三百年的历史（D）。A. In the seventh century of Tang dynasty, the Chinese prevailing custom

25、 of drinking tea was in vogue.B. At that time, large quantities of students were sent to China by Japan to study Chinese culture. Accordingly they learned the Chinese tea-drinking custom.C. The so-called Tea Doctrine now in Japan was bragged to the Western personalities about that its the Japanese u

26、nique art; in fact, it was completely ancient Chinese custom and the way to make tea till the Ming dynasty.D. Except the Japanese, the foreign people who are fastidious about drinking tea should be Englishmen, but it is only two or three hundred years after the Englishmen knowing about drinking tea.

27、10.一六四四年，李自成挥师北上，攻入北京；崇祯自缢于煤山，明朝就此覆亡（A）。假如山海关统兵大率帅吴三桂顺李自成，中国的近代史就会是另一个样子（B）。然而吴三桂却因为李自成抢了他的爱妾陈圆圆，“冲冠一怒为红颜”，放清兵入关（C）。就这样，满族人轻而易举地接管了明朝的江山（D）。A. In 1644, the leader of revolting armies, Li Zicheng,led his army to attack the north and occupied Beijing, the last emperor of the Ming dynasty, hung himself

28、 to death at Mountain Mei. From then on, the Ming dynasty died out.B. If the chief commander of Shanhaiguan, Wu San-gui, came over and pledged allegiance to Li Zicheng, Chinese modern history would be another appearance.C. However, because Li Zicheng robbed his wife Chen Yuanyuan, whom he loved deep

29、ly, so Wu Sangui flew into a rage for beauty and helped the troops of Qing come into Shanhaiguan.D. And in this case, the people of Man ruled the country instead of Ming without difficulty.Unit Two Differences between English and ChineseI. General introduction1. Different language families2. Differe

30、nt nature of language 3. Difference of sentence structureII. Differences English and Chinese vocabulary differences in thinking ways result in the differences in this two languages “天人合一”“人物分立”eg. I do believe in fate that falls on us no matter what we do, but, I do believe in fate that will fall on

31、 us if we do nothing. - Ronald ReaganParticular-General Pattern (-Chinese)General-Particular Pattern (-English)eg1.我原先打算七月一日去香港旅游，后来不得不 取消，这使我很扫兴It was keen disappointment that I had to cancel the visit I had intended to pay to Hong Kong on July Ist.eg2. 在全球经济事务中，中国应继续保持一个积极而充满活力的力量，我坚信这是符合我国利益的 I s

32、trongly believe that its in the interests of my countrymen that China should remain an active and energetic power in global economic matters.2) word for word correspondence3) one word with multiple equivalents of the same meaning4) words without correspondence 5) hypotaxis and parataxisDifference in

33、 Word, Sentence, Text / DiscourseWord:Sentence: hypotaxis, parataxisEg. The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and the lack of transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。(Poor English: Because there is a

34、 great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media. )Text / Discourse: subject-prominent, topic-prominentEg1. They tell us, Sir, that we are weak; But when shall we be stron

35、ger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Sir, we are not weak if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed

36、 in our power.先生，他们说我们力量小但是什么时候我们才会强大起来？下星期还是明年？是不是要等我们完全被解除武装、家家户户都驻扎了英国士兵的时候？我们迟疑不决、无所作为就能积聚力量吗？先生，如果能恰当地利用万物之主赋予我们的力量，我们并不弱小。Eg2. 春眠不觉晓， 处处闻啼鸟。 夜来风雨声， 花落知多少。I awake light-hearted this morning of spring,Everywhere round me the singing of birds,But now I remember the night, the storm,And I wonder h

37、ow many blossoms were broken.2. Lexical and Syntactical Differences1) matching of wordseg. 炉子着得很旺。 (The fire is burning briskly in the stove.) 她着凉了 。 (She has caught cold.) 你猜着了 。 (You have guessed right.) 老李躺下就着了 。 ( Lao Li fell asleep as soon as he lay down.) 他走错了一着 。 (He has made a false move./ t

38、ake a wrong step.)这些孩子穿着整齐。 (These children are all neatly dressed.) 这些措施都着眼于进一步解放生产力。 (All these measures are aimed to further emancipating the productive forces.)2) order of words in the sentence eg. He also concluded that insight into prehistoric cultures should ideally proceed from knowledge of

39、living cultures. 他还得出这样的结论：要对史前各种文化有深刻的认识，应从了解现存的种种文化着手，这是最理想的方法。3) sentence order compare the following sentences: 政府将在一两个月后在做出下一步的行动The government would wait a month or two before deciding their next move.2) 女儿经常熬夜，这让妈妈很担心。It worries her mother much that her daughter often stays up so late.3) 如果有人

40、敢于语言此事的结果，那他定是个鲁莽之徒 He would be a rash man if he should venture to forecast the results of this event.III. Comment on Last Weeks HomeworkError Analysis:9. By the Tang dynasty in the seventh century, tea- drinking had become very popular in China. At that time many Japanese students were sent to Chin

41、a to study Chinese culture. Naturally they acquired the Chinese tea-drinking habit.C. The so-called tea ceremony in modern Japan, boasted to Westerners as a unique Japanese art, was in fact entirely an ancient Chinese custom, the way to brew tea before the Ming dynasty.D. Except for the Japanese, no

42、 other foreigners attach more importance to tea drinking than the British, who learned to drink tea only two or three hundred years ago.10. In 1644 the rebel leader Li Zicheng marched north with his troops, attacking and capturing Beijing. Chongzhen, the last Ming emperor, hanged himself at the foot

43、 of Coal Hill. Thus the Ming dynasty collapsed.( Leading his troops north, the rebel leader Li Zicheng attacked and occupied Beijing in 1644. The death of Emperor Chongzhen, who hanged himself on Coal Hill, marked the end of the Ming dynasty.)B. If Wu Sangui, commander of the strategic Shanhai pass,

44、 had surrendered to Li, modern Chinese history would have been much different. (taken on a different look.)C. However, because Li Zicheng robbed him of his favorite concubine, Chen Yuanyuan, Wu flew into a rage for the sake of the beauty and let the Qing troops enter the pass.D. In this way, the Man

45、chu people took over the Ming empire without much difficulty.Paragraph translation (参考译文） In building a well-off society in all-round way, it is of vital importance to take economic development as the central task and keep releasing and developing the productive forces. In light of the new trends in

46、 the economy, science and technology of the world and the requirements of our national economic development in new period, we should undertake the following main tasks for economic development and reform in the first two decades of this century: to improve the socialist market economy, promote strat

47、egic adjustment of the economic structure, basically accomplish industrialization, energeticallyapply IT, accelerate modernization, maintain a sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy and steadily uplift the peoples living standards. In the first decades, we will accomplish all

48、 the objectives set in the 10th Five-Year Plan and for the years up to 2010 so as to bring the economic aggregate, overall national strength and the peoples living standards up to a much higher level and lay a solid foundation for even greater development in the second decade. Homework: 江南的春天素称多雨，一落

49、就是七八天。住在上海的人们，平日既感不到雨的需要，一旦下雨，天气是那么阴沉，谁也耐不住闷在狭小的家里；可是跑到外面，没有山，没有湖，也没有经雨的嫩绿的叶子，一切都不及晴天好；有时阔人的汽车从你身旁驶过，还得带一身污泥回来。参考译文：Spring in the south is known to be rainy. During this season, it never rains there but it remains wet for seven or eight days on end. Dwellers in Shanghai, who usually do not feel the

50、need for rain, will be bored with having to confine themselves in their close quarters when outside it is gloomy with rain. While in the open, seeing no mountains, nor lakes, nor rain-drenched soft green leaves, youll find nothing comparable to a fine day. Sometimes, worse still, a rich mans car fla

51、shing past may splash you all over with mud.Unit Three Hypotaxis and Parataxis（形合与意合）I. Review (Contrasts between E and C Languages) English Chinese1. synthetic analytic2. hypotaxis parataxis3. chain language block language4. complex simple5. tightly-knitted loosely-structured6. result + cause cause

52、 + result7. impersonal personal 8. static dynamic 9. substitutive repetitive10. passive active abstract concreteeg1. Thus encouraged, they made a still bolder plan for the next year. 由于受到这样的鼓励，他们为第二年制定了一个更大胆的计划。eg3. 有一个英国人，不会讲中国话，有一次在中国旅行。An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling

53、in China.eg7. 她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。A strange peace came over her when she was alone.eg8. 你一定是不善于学习，要不然就是教你的人很不会教。You must be a very bad learner; or else you must be going to a very bad teacher.eg9. 他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。 He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, and despi

54、sed it in others.II. Hypotaxis and Parataxis Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives; for example, I shall despair if you dont come. -( The American Heritage Dictionary) Parataxis: The arranging of clauses on after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. - ( The World Book Dictionary) eg1.以朱自清的匆匆(Transient Days)为例： 燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨