生物化学英文习题

1、Chapter1 Nucleic AcidsI、Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. The direction of nucleic acid isA. From N to C B. From 5 to 3C. From C to N D. From 3 to 5E. None of above2. The description of the secondary structure of DNA double helix are correct, E

2、XCEPTA. Two antiparallel strandsB. Deoxyribose-phosphate frame located outside the strandsC. Two strands are joined by hydrogen bond formed between A-T and G-CD. Diameter of helix is 2 nm, and 10 bases in each turnE. Nucleosome is the structure unit of DNA double helix3. The correct description abou

3、t Tm is A. The temperature at which half of the maximum absorbance value of DNA at 260nm during heat denaturation B. The temperature at which maximum absorbance value of DNA at 260nm during heat denaturationC. The optimum temperature for DNA synthesis D. High Tm value is related to low G-C content E

4、. The temperature to form DNA and RNA hybrid molecule4. If the coden of mRNA is ACG, then the anticoden of tRNA isA. UGC B. TGC C. GCA D. CGU E. TGC5. The linkage between nucleotides is A. 2,-3 phosphodiester bond; B. 3,-5 phosphodiester bondC. 2,-5 phosphodiester bond; D. Hydrogen bondE. Peptide bo

5、nd6. The template strand of DNA is 5-ATTCAG-3 , its transcript isA. 5 -GACTTA-3 B. 5 -CTGAAT-3 C. 5 -UAAGUC-3 D. 5 -CUGAAU-3 E. 5 - TAAGTC-3II、Fill in the blanks.1. Eukaryotic mRNAs can be modified after transcription at the 5end with a modified residue called a_, at the 3end 80 to 250 A residues ar

6、e added to create a _. 2. Each nucleotide consists of three components, _, _, _.3. The conformation for DNA proposed by Watson and Crick is called B form, the other two conformations existing in the cell are _, _.III、Explain the following terms.1. Hybridization of nucleic acids2. Tm3. ribozyme4. cod

7、on5. anticodon6. Hyperchromic effect7. DNA denaturation8. Annealing9. snmRN10. nucleosome、Briefly state the following questions. 1. State the functions of three major kinds of RNA (mRNA, tRNA and rRNA).2. Please describe the secondary structure of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick.3. State briefly th

8、e differences between DNA and RNA.4. Please describe the structural features of eukaryotic mRNA.Chapter2 ProteinsI、Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. All of the following amino acids are acidic or basic amino acids, EXCEPT A. AspB. GluC. LysD. A

9、rgE. Ser2. 12. Which is the linkage bond for the peptide?A. Hydrogen bondB. Peptide bondC. Hydrophobic interactionsD. Electrostatic interactionE. 3, 5 phosphodiester bond3. The protein molecule (pI=6.5) will mobile the to positive electrode when the pH of electrophoresis buffer isA. pH=3.0B. pH=4.0C

10、. pH=5.0D. pH=6.5E. pH=8.04. The amino acid in proteins isA. L-aimno acids; B. D-aimno acids;C. L-aimno acids; D. D-aimno acids;E. All of above5. The chemical bond in charge of maintaining secondary structure of proteins isA. Salt bridge; B. Disulfide bondC. Hydrogen bond; D. Peptide bond;E. Hydroph

11、obic interaction6. The chemical bond in charge of the primary structure of proteins isA. Salt bridge; B. Disulfide bondC. Hydrogen bond; D. Peptide bond;E. Phosphodiester bondII、Fill in the blanks：1. The secondary structures of protein include _, _, _, and _.2. The absorbance peak value of protein i

12、s at _nm, and that of the nucleic acid is at _nm. 3. The force maintaining higher structure of proteins are noncovalent. They are _, _, _, _.III、Explain the following terms.1. GSH (glutathione)2. Motif3. protein denaturation 4. petptide unit5. domain6. pI of protein7. -helix8. Peptide bond9. amino a

13、cid residue 10. salting out、Briefly state the following questions. 1. List the approaches commonly used in separation and purification of protein molecules, and explain simply the major mechanism of each one.2. Briefly explain the structural features and classification of amino acids constitute of d

14、ifferent proteins.3. What is primary structure of protein? Please state the relationships between the primary structure and functions of proteins by an example.Chapter3 VitaminsI、Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. Vitamin D belongs toA. Fat solu

15、ble B. Water solubleC. Both A and B D. InsolubleE. Not above all 2. The active form of Vitamin D isA. 25-(OH)D3 B. 1,25-(OH)2D3C. 1,24,25-(OH)3D3D. 24,25-(OH)2D3E. Not above all 3. The active form of folic acid isA. F B. FH2C. FH4D. NAD+E. FAD4. The deficiency of which will cause anmia?A. Vitamin B6

16、 B. Vitamin B12C. FH4 D. All of the aboveE. Not above allII、Fill in the blanks：1. _ and _ are the cofactors (coenzymes) of the dehydrogenases, and they are derived from Vitamin B2; _ and _ are also the cofactors (coenzymes) of the dehydrogenases, and they are derived from Vitamin _.2. The active for

17、ms of vitamin A are _, _and _. An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is _III、Explain the following terms.1. provitamin A2. lipid-soluble vitamins3. water-soluble vitamins、Briefly state the following questions. Try to explain the biochemical functions of vitamin C and its deficiencies.Chapter4 Enz

18、ymesI、Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. The factors related to the kinetics of enzyme reaction are included, EXCEPTA. pH and temperatureB. EnzymeC. SubstrateD. InhibitorE. Time2. About competitive inhibitors, which of the following is NOT true?

19、A. Similar to the substrates B. Bind to the active centre of the enzymesC. Bind to the enzyme reversibly. D. Bind to the enzyme by non-covalent bondE. None of the above 3. About non-competitive inhibitors, which one is true?A. Km, Vmax remains constant B. Km, VmaxC. Km remains constant, Vmax D. Km,

20、VmaxE. Km, Vmax remains constant 4.Inhibition of phosphate pesticide on choline esterase belongs toA. Irreversible inhibitionB. Reversible inhibitionC. Competitive inhibitionD. Noncompetitive inhibitionE. Uncompetitive inhibitionII、Fill in the blanks：1. The essential groups in active center of an en

21、zyme are_and _. 2. Holoenzyme = _ + _.3. The three properties of enzymatic catalyzed reactions are _, _, _.4. When V equals to 80% Vmax, S= _ Km. When V equals to 90% Vmax, S= _ Km.5. The specificities of enzymes can be briefly divided into three types: _, _and_.III、Explain the following terms.1. Is

22、oenzyyme2. Km3. Active center of an enzyme4. Allosteric enzyme5. Competitive inhibition6. Optimum temperature、Briefly state the following questions. 1. What is the activation of zymogen? State the biological significance of the process.2. Briefly state the significance of Km and Vmax.3. Compare the

23、characters of three types of reversible inhibition.Chapter 5 Carbohydrate MetabolismI、 Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. The unique pathway for mature red blood cells to obtain ATP is ( ) A. pentose phosphate pathway B. tricarboxylic acid cycle

24、 C. -oxidation of fatty acid D. glycolysis E. gluconeogenesis2. Which compound can NOT be used to do gluconeogenesis?A. AcetoacetateB. GlycerolC. Pyruvate D. GlutamateE. Succinate3.The pathway for mature red blood cells to obtain NADPH is ( ) A. pentose phosphate pathway B. tricarboxylic acid cycle

25、C. -oxidation of fatty acid D. glycolysis E. gluconeogenesis4. In the muscle, glucose 6-phosphhate can convert into the following compounds EXCEPTA. GlycogenB. Acetyl CoAC. LactateD. GlucoseE. Fructose 6-phosphate5. Which compound is NOT the coenzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?A. FADB. NAD+C.

26、 BiotinD. CoASHE. Lipoic acid6. Which enzyme is the key enzyme in glycogenolysis (glycogen degradation) ?A.Phosphorylase B.Hexokinase C.Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinaseD.HMG-CoA reductaseE.Pyruvate kinaseII、 Fill in the blanks. 1. The active form of glucose in glycogenesis is , the active form of

27、choline in phospholipid synthesis is , the active form of SO42- in sulfation is , the active form of methyl in methylation is .2. Glucose 6- phosphate (G-6-P) is an important intermediate compound involved in the carbohydrate metabolism pathways, e.g., _, _, _ , _, and _.III、 Explain the following t

28、erms.1 Glycolysis2 Tricarboxylic acid cycle3 Pentose phosphate pathway4 Glycogenesis5 Glycogenolysis6 Gluconeogenesis7 Blood sugar8 Cori cycle (Lactate cycle)9 Glycogenosis or glycogen storage disease10. Aerobic oxidation、Briefly state the following questions.1. The major function of pentose phospha

29、te pathway.2. List the major products of Tricarboxylic cycle and pentose phosphate pathways, and state their biological significance. 3. Simply state the several steps of aerobic oxidation pathway.4. State the source, fate and regulation of blood glucose. Chapter 6 Biological OxidationI、 Choose one

30、correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. The order of the members of NADH oxidative respiratory chain is A.NAD+® complex II ® complex I ® CoQ ® complex III® cytochrome C®complex IVB.NAD+® complex I ® complex III ® CoQ

31、® cytochrome C® complex IVC.NAD+® complex II ® complex III ® CoQ® complex C® complex IVD.Complex II ® NAD+® CoQ ® complex III® cytochrome C® complex IVE.NAD+® complex I ® CoQ ® complex III® cytochrome C® complex IV2

32、.NADP+ may be reduced to NADPH inA.GlycolysisB.GluconeogenesisC.Pentose phosphate pathwayD.The pathway of fatty acid degradationE.The reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase3.Two hydrogen atoms (2H) in cytosolic NADH(+H+) are transported from cytosol to mitochondria throughA.CitrateB.Citrate-pyru

33、vate shuttleC.Malate or a-glycerol phosphate shuttleD.Oxaloacetate-pyruvate cycleE.Pentose phosphate pathway4.Electrons from pyruvate enter the mitochondrial electron transport chain at the level ofA.CoQB.LDHC.NADH-CoQ reductase (complex I)D.CoQ-cytochrome c reductase (complex III)E.Cytochrome c oxi

34、dase (complex IV)II、 Fill in the blanks.1. The two respiratory chains of oxidative phosphorylation are _ and _. 2. Biological oxidation is a process in which the _ are completely oxidized to _, _ and a large amount of _ released. III、 Explain the following terms.1. ATP synthase2. Mixed function oxid

35、ase3. Reactive oxygen species, ROS4. a-Phosphoglycerol shuttle5. Malate-aspartate shuttle6. Biological oxidation7. Oxidative respiratory chain8. Oxidative phosphorylation9. Free radical10. Substrate cycle、Briefly state the following questions. 1. What is biological oxidation? Compare the difference

36、between nutrition oxidation in vivo and nutrition oxidation in vitro.2. What is Oxidative phosphorylation? State the order of the members of two important oxidative respiratory chains.Chapter 7 Lipid MetabolismI、 Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose.

37、1. The rate-limiting (key) enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis is A. HMG-CoA synthaseB. Mevalonate kinaseC. HMG-CoA reductaseD. HMG-CoA lyaseE. Squalene epimerase2. The rate-limiting (key) enzyme for fatty acid synthesis is A. Acetyl CoA carboxylaseB. Carnitine-acyl transferaseC. Palmitate decarboxy

38、laseD. Acyl CoA transferase E. b-ketoacyl CoA synthetase3. The precursor for acetoacetate formation in the liver is A. b-hydroxybutyrateB. Acetoacetyl CoA C. b-hydroxybutyryl CoAD. MevalonateE. HMG-CoA4. The rate-limiting（key）enzyme for fatty acid synthesis is A. Acetyl CoA carboxylaseB. Carnitine-a

39、cyl transferaseC. Palmitate decarboxylaseD. Acyl CoA transferase E. b-ketoacyl CoA synthetase 5. The oxidation and degradation of fatty acids in the cell A. Begins with the fatty acid thioester of CoA B. Does not produce useful energy for the cell C. Occurs primarily in the nucleus D. Is inhibited b

40、y carnitine E. Proceeds through successive shortening of fatty acids by three-carbon units 6. Which of the following lipases is hormone sensitive? A. Pancreatic lipase B. Lipoprotein lipase C. Liver triacylglycerol lipase D. Adipose tissue triacylglycerol lipase E. PhospholipaseII、Fill in the blanks

41、. 1. One of the common used techniques for plasma lipoprotein classification is , according to this method, the lipoproteins can be classified into , , _ , .2.The initial material for Ketone body synthesis is_, the key enzyme is _.Ketone bodies are _, _,and _. II、 Explain the following terms.1. Keto

42、genesis2. Depot fat mobilization3. Lipoprotein4. -oxidation of fatty acids5. Ketone bodies6. LDL7. Lipid8. Unsaturated fatty acid9. Essential fatty acid10. Hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL、Briefly state the following questions. 1. What is the meaning of apolipoprotein, explain their functions.2.Explain

43、 the effect of insulin on lipid mobilization.3.State the classification, the major components, synthesis site of lipoproteins and their functions4.Please state the regulation functions of insulin on lipid metabolism.Chapter 8 Protein CatabolismI、 Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circli

44、ng the capital letter you choose. 1. The important role of PAPS is A. to replenish ribose 5-phosphateB. as an initial material for synthesizing pyrimidineC. to provide active sulfate group for sulfation of some compoundsD. to provide methyl group for methylation of some compoundsE. an enzyme involve

45、d in biosynthesis of cholesterol2.The important role of S-adenosylmethionine is A. to replenish methionineB. to synthesize tetrahydrofolic acidC. to provide methyl group for methylatonD. to produce adenosineE. to synthesize homocysteine3. Which of the following amino acids is nutritionally non-essen

46、tial amino acid?A. PhenylalanineB. Glutamate C. MethionineD. TryptophanE. Threonine4. Which amino acid is nutritionally essential? A. Aspartate B. Glutamic acid C. Alanine D. Tyrosine E. Methionine5. The transportation form of ammonia in blood is A. GlutamateB. TyrosineC. GlutamineD. GlutathionineE.

47、 Aspartate6. One carbon units produced in amino acid metabolism are included, EXCEPTA. CH3-B. CH2-C. O=CH-D.NH=CH-E. CO2II、 Fill in the blanks.1. is the active form of methionine for providing methyl group to methylation of many biological molecules. 2. is the active form of sulfate for adding sulfa

48、te group to sulfation many biological molecules.3. The transamination reactions of amino acid are _, _ , and_. The major transaminase in the heart is _, and in the liver is _.III、 Explain the following terms. 1. Nitrogen balance2.Urea cycle (Ornithine cycle)3.One carbon unit4.Transamination5.Combine

49、d deamination6.Essential amino acid7.Putrefaction8.Glucogenic amino acids9.Active methionine10. Pyridoxal phosphate、Briefly state the following questions. 1. The major process of urea synthesis.2. State the source and fate of amino acid in vivo.3. State protein putrefaction and the important product

50、s of putrefaction. Chapter 9 Nucleotide metabolismI、 Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1The first synthesized purine nucleotide in the de novo synthesis of purine nuecleotides is A. AMP B. GMP C. CMPD. IMP E. UMP2. One of the properties in purine

51、de novo synthesis is that A. the first step is the production of PRPPB.one carbon unit is provided by S-adenosylmethionineC.orotate phosphate is an intermediateD.glycine does not incorporate in the pathwayE. aspartate is the direct nitrogen donor3.The end catabolic product of purine nucleotides in human is A. Urea B. Uric acid C. CreatinineD. Creatine E. b-alanine4.One of the properties in pyrimidine synthesis is that ( )A.the base is synthesized based on 5-phosphoriboseB.One carbon unit is provided by FH4C.Whole glycine molecule incorporates