M6U3 grammar

1、Subjunctive mood subjunctive mood subjunctive mood subjunctive mood subjunctive mood subjunctive mood subjunctive mood subjunctive mood subjunctive mood subjunctive mood subjunctive mood Unit 1subjunctive moodGrammar Today we buried our 20-year-old son. He was killed instantly in a motorcycle accide

2、nt yesterday. How I wish I had known when I talked to him last that it would be the last time. If I had only known,I would have said, Jim, I love you and Im so very proud of you. Read the following essay and payspecial attention to the sentences in red.(你能说出它们的语法结构吗？）你能说出它们的语法结构吗？） Subjunctive mood

3、(虚拟语气）虚拟语气）1.1.英语动词有三种语气，英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和祈使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气. .2. 2. 定义：用来表示说的话定义：用来表示说的话不是事实不是事实，或者是或者是不可能发生不可能发生或或可能性比较小可能性比较小的的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气定义一、虚拟语气定义Q:Whats the difference between the two sentences?If I am free, I will visit you.If I were a bird, I wo

4、uld fly into the sky. （虚拟条件句虚拟条件句）(真实条件句真实条件句） What would/could you do if you were a superman? If I were a superman, I would/could If I were a superman,I could protect people who are in danger.Look and learn: If I got much money, I might/should What might/should you do if you got much money?If I got

5、 much money, I should donate some to people suffering the earthquake.What would/could you do if you lived on the moon? If I lived on the moon, Iwould/could/might/ shouldIf I lived on the moon, I might see the beautyChange. If I were a superman, I could protect people who are in danger. If I lived on

6、 the moon, I might see the beautyChange. If I got much money, I should donate some to people suffering the earthquake.Find out the rules条件从句主句 did/were (be动动 词一般用词一般用were,非非正式情况可用正式情况可用was）would (could, might ,should) + do总结总结1. Opposite to the present truth 与现在事实相反时，主、从句谓语构成与现在事实相反时，主、从句谓语构成would i

7、ntention; plan; expected result (意图；计划；意图；计划；必然结果必然结果）could ability; possibility （能够能够；可能性）；可能性）might possibility （可能性可能性）should suggestion （建议）（建议）TIPTranslation:1 如果我是你，我可能会告诉他真相。如果我是你，我可能会告诉他真相。 If I _ you, I _him the truth.2 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都会很顺利的要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都会很顺利的. If my brother _ here, everything _

8、all right.weremight tellwerewould bePractice:要是我哥哥要是我哥哥昨天昨天在这儿，一切都会很顺利在这儿，一切都会很顺利的的. If my brother _ here, everything _ all right.had beenwould have been比较一下发现什么不同了吗？比较一下发现什么不同了吗？1.If my brother were here, everything would be all right.2.If my brother had been here yesterday, everything would have b

9、een all right. If the robber hadnt attacked Mr. Yu, he wouldnt have been killed. If the brave old man hadnt helped the lady, he couldnt have been injured.Look and learn:If they hadnt committed a crime, they wouldnt have been caught by the police.Find out the structure If my brother had been here yes

10、terday , everything would have been all right.If the brave old man hadnt helped the lady, he couldnt have been injured. If they hadnt committed a crime, they wouldnt have been caught by the police.条件从句主句 had donewould (should, could, might ) + have done总结总结2. Opposite to the past truth 与过去事实相反时，主、从句

11、谓语构成与过去事实相反时，主、从句谓语构成1.If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. 2.If you _(get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train. 3.If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.had beenwould have passedhad gotmight have caughthad met could have gone：Would you please

12、 help me move house tomorrow?：Id like to, but I have a meeting tomorrow. If I got time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.：Thats all right. Thank you all the same.Read and learn: If it should be the Spring Festival tomorrow, I might get some pocket money. If I were to have free time this Friday, I

13、 would go to the party. However, Ill attend a meeting that day. What a pity! If I got time tomorrow, I would certainly help you. If I were to have free time this Friday, I would go to the party. If it should be the Spring Festival tomorrow, I might get some pocket money.Summarize the structure条件从句主句

14、过去式过去式 (were/did)should + do were to dowould (might, could, should) + do总结总结3. Opposite to the future truth 与将来事实相反时，主、从句谓语构成与将来事实相反时，主、从句谓语构成如果明天下雨，运动会将会被推迟。如果明天下雨，运动会将会被推迟。If it rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.=If it _tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.举一反三举一反三should rain

15、 /were to rain总结、一般条件句中的虚拟语气总结、一般条件句中的虚拟语气时时 间间 If If 条件句条件句主主 句句过去过去had donewould should +have done sthcouldmight现在现在助动词助动词 be用用 were 实义动词实义动词 do 用用 did would should + do sthcouldmight将来将来did / were should dowere to dowould should + do sthcouldMight1.1.如果我是杨利伟，我会在太空中旅行。如果我是杨利伟，我会在太空中旅行。If I were Ya

16、ng liwei, I could travel in space.2.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我早就离婚了。要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我早就离婚了。( (幸亏我没和她结婚幸亏我没和她结婚) ) divorceIf I had married her, I would have divorced.3.3.如果明天是如果明天是20172017年年6 6月月9 9日日, ,我们就不用上学了。我们就不用上学了。 If it should be June 9, 2017 tomorrow, we would not go to school.If he _ more carefully, h

17、e _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 补充一补充一:倒装形式表示虚拟条件句倒装形式表示虚拟条件句 从句中从句中if有有were ,had ,should等词语等词语,可以将可以将if省略省略,同时同时were ,had ,should提至句首提至句首,构构成倒装成倒装.表示虚拟条件表示虚拟条件 (1) If I her, I her. = I her, I would tell her.(万一万一) (2) If I in your position, I it better. = I in your posi

18、tion, I would do it better.2) If you had told me earlier, I would not have this problem now. _ you _ me earlier, I would not have this problem now.3) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner. _ you _ the train, you would be there much sooner.HadtoldWereto take1)If you should mak

19、e a mistake, you should not be embarrassed. _ you _ a mistake, you should not be embarrassed.ShouldmakeWere they here now, they could help us. here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him. earlier, you would have met him.he come tomorrow, I would lend him the dictionary.

20、 tomorrow, I would lend him the dictionary.If they wereIf you had comeIf he should comeifif引导的虚拟语气中，我们可以把引导的虚拟语气中，我们可以把should, had, should, had, werewere放在句首，此时省略放在句首，此时省略ifif，构成倒装结构，构成倒装结构: : 1) Without his advice, I could not have made progress.2) But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the wor

21、k.3) The storm stopped. Otherwise, many people would have died in the storm. 补充补充2：含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句2) Without sunlight, many plants . (die)3) You didnt listen to my advice .Otherwise, you (make) such big mistakes. would diecouldnt have made1)But for my help, he success. (achieve)couldnt have achieved当条件状

22、语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时所发生的时间不一致时,被称为被称为“错综时间条件句错综时间条件句”。在。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。补充补充3：错综时间条件句：错综时间条件句1.If you had followed the doctors advice yesterday, you would be all right now. True or false?TrueIf you

23、 _(study) hard before, you _(be) a college student now and you _ (graduate) from a college soon.had studiedwould bewould graduateIf the staff _more careful, the mall _on fire now.had beenwould not be 如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了。如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了。 If you _ _ _(turn right) just now, you _ (be) in trouble no

24、w.had turned rightwouldnt be3、虚拟语气在其他结构中的用法；虚拟语气在其他结构中的用法；1）wish + 宾语从句宾语从句现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时过去时 (did/were)过去完成时过去完成时 (had done)would/could/might+V. should I wish I were a bird. (现在现在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去过去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来未来)I wish I _as tall as you

25、.wereI wish I _a bird.wereHe wish every day _his birthday.wereI wish/wished I _( eat ) so much watermelon.hadnt eatenThe party was terrible, I wish I _ ( go ) to it.had never goneI wish it _( rain) tomorrow.would rain 常用的形容词有：常用的形容词有：necessary, important, impossible, natural, strange 常用的过去分词通常是表示常用的

26、过去分词通常是表示建议，建议， 要要求，命令求，命令等等suggested, required, requested, demanded, ordered, desired, advised,2. 在在“It +be +某些形容词或过去分词某些形容词或过去分词+that”的句型中，主语从句中的动词形式常用的句型中，主语从句中的动词形式常用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”。3.表示建议表示建议.要求要求.命令类的名词性从句命令类的名词性从句一坚持一坚持. insist 二命令二命令, order, command三建议三建议,advise, suggest, propose,四要求四要求,

27、demand, require, request, desire ，通常用，通常用“should+动词原动词原形形”。should可以省略可以省略在表示在表示建议，要求，命令建议，要求，命令等名词等名词之后的之后的表语从句，同位语从句表语从句，同位语从句中，中，通常用通常用“should+动词原形动词原形”。 这些名词有：这些名词有：idea, proposal, order suggestion, decision, advice His proposal is that the meeting (should) be put off. Our suggestion is that you

28、(should) be the first to go.1.1.我们建议我们建议Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。2.他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。3.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。1.We suggested that Tom2.He insisted that I present.4.They requested that we3.The king ordered that the prisoners should have a rest.(should) beShould be killedthe

29、 next day.should send themto work there.注意：注意：当当insist表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为”，suggest表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，后面的宾语从句不用时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。虚拟语气。He insisted that he had not entered the house, and (he insisted) that he should be set free.His pale face suggested that he was weak. 在在“Its (about, high) time + that从句从句”结构中，从

30、句中谓语动词用结构中，从句中谓语动词用表示一表示一种建议，意思是种建议，意思是“该做某事了该做某事了”。也可以。也可以You look so tired tonight. Its time you went to bed.Its high time you got up.It is time we started off.4.Its (about/high) time +that didshould do1.It is high time that we _ off A. are B. were C. be D. will be B5.if only句型句型“要是要是该多好啊！该多好啊！”谓语

31、动词用法同谓语动词用法同wish,谓语动词用谓语动词用表示虚拟语表示虚拟语气。气。 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only our parents could live with us ! If only I hadnt missed the train !If only I _ how to operate a computer as you do.A. had known B. would knowC. should know D. knew D6.would rather that -

32、现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来： I would rather you paid me now. (现在现在) I would rather you had gone, too. (过去过去) Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来未来)过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时1. Id rather you _ right away.A. leave B. left C. will leave D to leave B他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。 He treated me as if I _ a stranger. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。She talked about the film as if she _really _ it. werehadseen7.as if ,as thoughas if ,as though引导的从