人教版备战英语教材高一重难点梳理单元归纳与拓展

1、本单元高考热点归纳与拓展概述本单元重点语法是 had better，should 和 ought to 等情态动词的用法。象其他的情态动词一样，had better， should 和 ought to 后面跟动词原形。ought to 与 should 都表示“应该”的意思。had better 表示“最好”的意思。如：You had better get some rest.你最好休息一会儿。You had better not eat fruit that isnt ripe. 你最好不要吃没有成熟的水果。You should/ought to be careful with fruit

2、. 你们应该小心水果。You should not/ought to eat so much junk food. 你不应该吃这么多垃圾食品。经典解析例：1.I didnt hear the phone. I_asleep. (1989年全国高考题) A. must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been简析:答案B。从 didnt 可知是过去的事情。“当时我一定睡着了”。表示对过去的事情进行肯定推测要用must+have+动词的过去分词。而 shuold have been asleep 则表示过去该睡着而没有睡着，与前面的意思不

3、相符。例：2.He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. (1990年全国高考题) A: might have given B: might give C: may have given D: may give简析:答案A。从was可知是对过去的事情表示推测，应该用情态动词+have+动词的过去分词，排除B、D。根据“当时他非常忙”的事实，他可能给你更大的帮助的可能性很小，所以选 might 比选 may 好。例：3.Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes，of course you_. (1992年全国高

4、考题) A.might B.will C.can D.should简析:答案C。文句中用 could 是委婉地提出要求，答句中从 of course 可知道，应该非常肯定地同意，所以用can。例：4.Its nesrly seven oclock. Jack _be here at any moment. (1995年全国高考题) A.must B.need C.should D.can简析:答案C。must一定；need需要；should可能，该；can能。例：5.write to me when you get home. (2001年春季高考题) _. A.I must B.I shou

5、ld C.I will D.I can简析:答案C。前者发出请求。后者表示应允“我会的”。will用于第一人称，表示有意识的行动，表现为意愿，意志等。透视情态动词的考试不仅如此，在阅读等方面，它会经常出现。掌握情态动词的用法关系到我们能否正确理解文章大意的问题，直接影响着我们的做题。四、本单元生词详解1. sweet swi:tadj. 填的，甜味的；芳香的，新鲜的；悦耳的，动听的；亲切的，温柔的，温和的；惬意的/n. 糖果；甜食；布丁；（餐后的）一道甜食例：The foowers sweet. 这些花闻起来香。How sweet the music sounds! 这音乐多么美妙动听！Wha

6、t a sweet girl! 多么可爱的小姑娘！Chocolates and coffees are sweets. 巧克力和咖啡豆都是糖果。记忆技巧联想记忆：表示味道的词sour酸的；bitter苦的；salty咸的；peppery甜胡椒味的2. French fries 炸薯条例：He likes to eat French fries. 他喜欢吃炸薯条。记忆技巧对比记忆；美式英语French fries; 英式英语potato chips.3. mushroom 5mQFrumn. ( 食用）蘑菇，洋菇；急速成长之物；突然发迹之人，暴发户/adj. 雨后春笋般的，急速成长的/vi. 采

7、集蘑菇；急速生长（发展）例：friedfraidv. fry 的过去式和过去分词/adj. 油煎的，油炸的例：She has an fried egg for her breakfast. 她早餐吃了一个煎蛋。记忆技巧同义词联想记忆：wastes 废物；junk 废物常用词组a junk heap 废物堆6. fat fAt adj. 肥大的，肥胖的/n. 脂肪；油脂，油例：Hes fat because so much. 他身体胖，因为吃得太多了。He is getting fat. 他在发胖。I dont like fat meat. 我不喜欢吃肥肉。They have a lot of

8、fat under their skin. 他们的皮肤下面有很多脂肪。Butter and margarine are fats. 黄油和人造黄油都是脂肪。记忆技巧反义词对比记忆：fat肥大的，肥胖的；thin瘦的常用词组a fat job 好差事/a fat man 肥胖的人。7. vitamin5vaitEminn.维生素例：Oranges contain vitamin C: 橘子含有维生素C。8. snack snAk n.小吃 例如：Im not hungry but Id like a snack. 我并不饿，不过我倒喜欢来点小吃。记忆技巧人身体各个部位归纳记忆：head 头；ha

9、nd 手；waist 腰10. fever5fi:vEn. 发热，发烧/（通常指）狂热，激动例如：My fever is gone, but I still have a cough. 我的烧已经退了，但还有点儿咳嗽。He has a fever and a temperiture of 38.5 degree.他发烧，体温38.5摄氏度。I am in a fever of excitement. 我十分兴奋。11. salad 5sAlEdn.色拉(西餐中的凉拌菜）例如：He dislikes salad. 他不喜欢吃凉拌菜。记忆技巧菜肴联想记忆：salad; fried chicken

10、油煎鸡肉12. peachpi:tFn. 桃子例如：Mother put the peaches in her basket. 母亲把桃子放在篮子里。There is a peach tree near the house. 那所房子附近有课桃树。记忆技巧水果类联想记忆：apple; bananapear;peach 等13. riperaipadj.熟的, 成熟的例：Autumn is a busy season, and the crops are ripe. 秋季是繁忙的季节，庄稼成熟了。A green banana is not ripe enough to eat. 青香蕉没成熟，不

11、能吃。Soon ripe, soon rotten. 早熟则早老。常用词组ripe lips 红润的嘴唇/ripe beauty 成年的美女14. oughtC:taux. 应该；应当；该会；理应例：As a Party member, you ought to give the lead. 作为党员，你应该带头。This word ought to be done at nice. 这项工作应该马上就做。We ought to be hearing from them soon, then. 这么说，我们大概不久就可以接到他们的信了。They ought to be go now, ough

12、tnt they?他们应该走了，对吗？Bruce is the fastest runner, so he ought to win the race. 布鲁斯跑得最快，所以他该会赢得这场赛跑的。He said he ought ot write an article about it. 他说他该为这写一篇文章。记忆技巧情态动词联想记忆：ought to 应该；should 应该；must 必须；may可以；can能够，could，might等15. examinei5zAminvt. 检查；细看；对.进行考试；询问；查问；对.进行审查例：All the machines will be ex

13、amined. 所有机器都将被检查一遍。I examined the door and found that it was locked. 我检查这个门，发现它上了琐。He examined the boys in English. 他考孩子们的英语。The teacher will examine the class on everything they have learnt this year. 教师要考学生今年学过的所有知识。He was examined by the police. 他被警察查问。16. soft sCftadj. 软的，硬度低的；柔嫩的，光滑；（颜色）淡的，柔和的

14、；模糊的，听不清；软弱的，温和的；不含酒精的例：My shirt has a soft collar. 我的衬衣领子是软的。Wood is softer than stone. 木头比石头软。This cloth is made of soft silk. 这布料是用光滑的针织成的。I was satisfied with the soft colour of the room. 我对房间的柔和颜色很满意。We felt the first soft wind of spring. 我们感到了春天的第一阵和风。She speaks in a soft voice. 她说话的声音很柔和。Lemo

15、nade is a soft drink. 柠檬水是一种不含酒精的饮料。记忆技巧联想记忆：近义词gentle; 反义词hard硬的。17. barbB:n. （固定在门窗上的木质或金属）棒；（门、窗的）格子；（门的）横木；栅栏；（练习芭蕾舞用的）横杠；棒状之物（结块）例：The windows of the prison have iron bars. 监狱的窗户装有铁栅栏。常用词组the bars of a jail 监狱的 铁条/a toll bar (从前将木棒横在 路上拦阻行人征收过路费的）障碍物，税卡门/a bar chocolate 巧克力棒18. fuelfjuEln. 燃料例：

16、Coal, oil, wood and gas are fuels. 煤炭，石油，木柴和煤气都是燃料。常用词组atomic fuel 原子燃料/ gaseous fuel 气体燃料/liquid fuel 液体燃料/solid fuel 固体燃料19. diet5daiEtn. 饮食；食物；特种饮食/vt. 规定或限制饮食例如: Cow have a diet of grass. 牛的食物是草。He eats simple diet. 他吃简单的饮食。The physician put him on a special diet. 内科医生给他吃特定的食物。记忆技巧近义词联想记忆：diet 饮

17、食；food 食物；dish 菜肴常用词组go on a diet 限制饮食/a costly diet 昂贵的饮食/a high protein diet 高蛋白质饮食/follow a strict diet 严格遵照饮食规定20. keep up with (1) 跟上（2）通过访问、通信等和（某人）保持接触。例：He has some difficulties in his study, but with his comrades help he has kept up with the class. 他在学习上有些困难，但在同志们的帮助下，已跟上班上的功课了。 She had to

18、run to keep up with them. 她得跑着才跟上他们。He has kept up with a number of his old workmates since his retirement. 他退休以后一直和许多老同志保持着联系。21. pacepeis布，速度，步调例：Take two paces forward! 向前两步走！He stepped backward a pace or two. 他后退了一两步。He hit th bulls eye at a hundred paces.There were perhaps ten paces between me

19、and the bear. 我和熊的距离大约有十布之遥。I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away. 两百步以外的麻雀我都能看得见。记忆技巧形近词联想记忆：pace步，步调；space宇宙常用词组at a good pace 相当快的/keep pace with somebody 与某人并架齐驱/ mend ones pace 放快步子/off the pace 跑在第一名之后/put somebody through his paces 检验某人的本领/掂掂某人的斤两。22. muscle5mQsl n. 肌肉例： 、When we walk ,

20、we exercise our leg muscles. 我们走路时，锻炼腿上的肌肉。Their muscle bones are not strong enough to hold up their muscle on land.在陆地上，它们的骨架不能撑起它们的肌肉。常用词组 eyeball muscles 眼球肌/exercise ones muscles 锻炼肌肉/ harden muscles 使肌肉结实23. product5prCdEkt（1）n. 产品；成果（2）结果例：Coffee is Brazils main product. 咖啡是巴西的主要产物。This is the

21、 product of his labour. 这是他劳动的成果。24. mineral 5minErEl n. 矿物，矿石例：Coal and iron are minerals. 煤和铁都是矿物。常用词组metallic minerals 金属矿物/a rare mineral 稀有矿物 / be rich in mineral 矿藏丰富/drill for minerals 钻探矿物/extracty minerals 采掘矿物25. disease di5zi:zn. 疾病；特殊的疾病例：The physician cured me of the disease. 医生治好了我的病。G

22、ood technique in medicine and surgery means less disease and less deformity.好的内外科技术能减少疾病和残疾。Malaria is a disease that mosquitoes carry. 疟疾是蚊子传播的一种疾病。He died of heart disease. 他死于心脏病。Doctors use it to treat diseases. 医生用它来给人们治病。He died of heart disease. 他死于心脏病。Doctors use it to treat diseases. 医生用它来给

23、人们治病。记忆技巧同义词联想记忆：illness; disease; sickness; disorder等。26. vegetarian 7vedVi5tZEriEnn. 素食（主义）者/adj. 素食主义者的；全是蔬菜的；素食的（通常也吃黄、牛奶及奶油）例：Of the for milion people who have become vegetarians in Britain, nearly two-thirds are women. 在英国四百万成为素食主义者的人当中，将近三分之二是妇女。常用词组a strict vegetarian 严格的素食主义（不仅不吃鱼、肉类，连蛋、牛奶、

24、奶油也不吃）a vegetarian restaurant 素食餐厅/a vegetarian diet 素食；蔬食27. environmental in7vaiErEn5mentladj. 环境的例：People are becoming far more aware of environmental issues. 人们现在更多地注意环境问题了。常用词组environmental destruction（pollution）环境的破坏（污染）28. organic C:5Anikadj. 器官的；有机的例：It is an organic disease. 这是器官性疾病常用词组orga

25、nic chemistry 有机化学29. chemical 5kemikEln. 化学制品/adj. 化学的例：He planted vegetables in his garden and sold them to buy chemicals.他在花园里种菜，卖掉菜再买化学药品。He now holds important position in a large chemical works. 现在他在化工厂担任重要职务。This change of state is a physical change and not a chemical one. 这种状态变化是物理变化，而不是化学变化

26、。记忆技巧根据词缀记忆：chemistry n. 化学-chemical adj. 化学的-chemically在化学方面30. fertilizer5fE:ti7laizE n. 肥料例：This favtory turns out chemical fertilizer. 这家工厂生产化肥。31. probably 5prRbEb(E)lIadv. 可能地例：Do you think you can do it ? Well, probably I can. 你认为你能干这个吗？哦，我很可能干得了。记忆技巧根据词缀记忆：probable adj. 可能的-probably adv. 可能地

27、32. balance 5bAlEnsn. 天平，秤；平衡，均势；结余，收付差额，尾数/v. 使平衡；平衡例：If you earn 100 and spend 60, your balance is 40. 如果你挣一百镑，花掉六十磅，那么结余是四十镑。Can you balance yourself on skates? 你穿冰鞋可以用一个脚趾平衡吗？The dancer could balance on one toe. 舞蹈演员可以用一个脚趾平衡。Will you weigh it in the balance? 你用天平称一称好吗？常用词组balance beam 平衡木/balan

28、ce wheel 摆轮；平衡轮/balace of forces 力量对比/the balance of nature 生态平衡/ balace of power 均势33. supplement5sQplimEntn. 补足，追加；补遗，增补；附刊，增刊（to）；数学补角，补弧/vt. 补充，追加；对.附加增补例：an annual supplement to an encycolpedia百科全书的每年补遗。34. promise5prCmisn. 诺言，约定；有希望，有前途/v. 允诺，答应；预示，给予.的希望例：If you make a promise, you must keep

29、it. 假如你答应了，就必须做到。I hope he wil lkeep his promise. 我希望他遵守诺言。Our country is full of promise. 我们的国家大有希望。The girls singing ability shows promise. 那女孩的歌唱才能说明她有前途。He promised her some jewels for her birthday. 他答应在她生日的时候送给她几件珠宝首饰。He promised her some jewels for her birthday. 他答应在她生日的时候送给她几件珠宝首饰。He promised

30、 her some jewels for her birthday. 要是这孩子考试及格，、她答应送他一本书。It promised to be an exciting one. 这看来将是一场激动人心的比赛。Early mist promises fair weather. 晨雾预示好天气。His plan promises well. 他的计划大有指望。35. digestiondi5dVestFEnn. 消化力；消化力强36. now and then 有时.有时，时时；有时例：He goes to the cinema (every)now and then. 他常去看电影。I see

31、 (saw,etc.)him now and then. 我不时见到他。In summer I go swimming in the Lijang River now and then. 夏天我经常到漓江去游泳。37. brainbrein n. 脑；头脑，脑筋（常用复数）例：The brain is the organ of thought. 大脑是思维器官。You have a fine brain. 你有一个好脑子。I wish I had your brains. 但愿我有你那个（好）脑筋。38. peelpi:lvt. 剥皮，去皮；剥（水果、马铃薯等的皮；剥（皮、树皮等），（从）剥下

32、（皮、树皮等）（off，from）例： Please peel me a peach (peel a peach for me). 请你替削桃子的皮。The Indians peeled the bark from birch trees to make canoes. 印度安人从桦树上剥下树皮做独木舟。常用词组 peel a banana (potatoes) 剥香蕉（马铃薯）的皮/peel off the skin 剥皮39. tasty5teistiadj. 美味的，可口的；（俗）雅致的，吸引人的例：This fish is very tasty. 这鱼很可口。David dresses

33、 very well; he is very tasty.记忆技巧根据词缀来记忆：taste n. 口味-taste adj. 美味的；可口的40. recipe 5resipin. （菜肴的）烹饪法，（饮料的）调制法（for）；（做某事的）秘诀，秘法（for）例：Egg are the main ingredients of omelettes. 煎蛋卷的主要成分是鸡蛋。42. chop tFCpvt. 砍；劈；剁例：The log was chopped into pieces. 木头被劈成碎块。常用词组chop away side branches 砍去边枝chop down a tre

34、e 把树枝砍倒chop a path through tyhe forest 从森林中辟出一条路来chop ones head off (=away)砍头chop thinly (thickly)劈得薄（厚）43. steam sti:mn. 蒸汽，水蒸汽；气力，精力 vi. 蒸发，冒热气；（火车、轮船）行驶例：Steam drives machinery. 蒸汽可以驱动机器。The room was full of steam. 房间里充满了水蒸汽。He always works at full steam. 他总是使足劲儿干工作。the room was full of steam. 房间

35、里充满了水蒸气。He always works at full steam. 他总是使足劲儿干工作。the steam from a boiling kettle 开着的壶冒出的蒸汽。The kettle was steaming on the stove. 炉子上的壶正在冒热气。The train steamed into the station. 火车喷着汽驶入车站。The warship was steaming at 20knots. 这艘军舰（当时）以二十海里的时速航行着。44. mixture5mikstFEn. 混合物（体）例如：Air is a mixture of gases

36、. 空气是各种气体的混合物。Shake the mixture before taking. 服用前把药水摇匀。记忆技巧根据词缀记忆：mix v. 混合-mixture 混合物三、易混易错词语辨析1、辨析 fat，plump 和 stout： fat，plump 和 stout 表示“胖”的意思： fat 指胖得难看，是贬义词；plump 是褒义词，意思是胖得丰满、健康（用于婴儿或者年轻女性）；stout用于中年人发福，胖而粗壮。2、辨析 gentle，soft 和 mild：gentle 侧重对人的体贴和安慰；soft 强调柔和，柔弱等，还可指天生说话声音低或怕人听见；mild 侧重指神态安

37、详，不暴躁，不生气。3、辨析 illness，disease，sickness 和 disorder：illness 疾病（泛指一切疾病）；disease 多指已查明的疾病； sickness 生病的状态，还指恶心；以上三词有时可互换。disorder 指失调，程度较轻的疾病。4、辨析 possible 和 probable：possible adj. 可能的，做得到的 合理的（possible 指客观上潜在的可能性，但常常有实际可能性很小的暗示；probable 指带有几份根据的推测，可能性比 possible 大；likely指表面看来颇有可能，与 probable 接近。）5、辨析 pr

38、omise 和 consent：promise是自己主动约定的，有“许诺，允许”的意思。例如：He promised me a book. 他许诺给我一本书。consent 是指先由他人请求而后给予同意。例如：I consent to your plan. 我同意你的计划。Unit14 Festivals一、课文背景知识你可能知道圣诞节，春节和斋月节，教师节，儿童节等，在节日里人们相互祝愿，共同分享成果等，真实开心极了。节日的内容和意义各不相同。本单元讲的就是在美国的黑人自己过的节日。美国黑人拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化，但宽扎文化节却是一个非常年轻的节日。宽扎文化节诞生于1966年，当时，毛拉

39、.卡伦格博士创建了一个新的节日以便美国黑人能够庆祝他们的历史和文化。毛拉.卡伦格博士用了斯瓦希里人语中表示“第一个果”的单词，斯瓦希里语是非洲最大的语种。卡伦格博士之所以选择这个词是因为在非洲很多节日都是被称作“第一果”的节日。非洲的第一果节日有很多相同之处：人们总是聚集到一起庆祝他们的丰收；为他们的生活和丰收而表示感谢；人们常常对他们的祖先表示尊敬，对他们的过去，以及他们生活的团体和社会表示庆祝。节日是庆祝文化和历史的一种方式，是建设社团的一种方式，也是庆祝新年的一种方式。卡伦格博士是如此的喜欢非洲人的节日特色以至于他用这些写出了宽扎文化节的七个原则。人们庆祝宽扎节是从12月26日到元月1日

40、。日期选定在圣诞节之后的一天开始到元旦的那天结束。这样，庆祝宽扎节的人们就能尽情享受节日带来的快乐，不需要再为圣诞节的商业活动而去操心了。由于宽扎文化节是一个既娱乐又学习的时间，所以，人们常常每天点着蜡烛讨论宽扎节的原则，以此来庆祝这个节日。蜡烛常常由家中最小的孩子点燃。在宽扎文化节的最后一天，家庭成员和朋友们聚集在一起进餐，庆祝新年。创立新节日似乎好象是庆祝历史和文化的不寻常方式，但是，事实上我们每年都在创建新节日，节假日总是在不停地改变着。当我们在庆祝他们的时候，我们是在新的历史篇章上发展我们的文化。春节、圣诞节、斋月节、宽扎文化节以及其他的一些节假日让我们更加了解自己，让我们记住我们来自

41、何处，并且还让我们共同分享对未来美好的憧憬。二、疑难详解1. Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Ameiricans. 宽扎文化节是美国黑人庆祝自己文化和历史的节日，前后持续七天。问the culture and history of African Americans 是做celebrating的宾语吗？答是的。例如：Can you tell us why you want to stay here and what you will do when you stay

42、here?你能告诉我你为什么要呆在这里及你想呆在这儿做什么吗？2. The week following Christmas Day, many African -American families get together to greet the new year and think about the past.圣诞节之后的那个星期，许多美国黑人家庭聚集在一起相互问候新年并回忆过去。问to greet the new year and think about the past 是两个不定式短语作目的状语吗？答是的。请看下面两个例句：1、We could get there to have

43、 the meeting on time. 我们可以准时到哪儿开会。2、The boy said slowly to let me know clearly about what had happened. 哪个小孩讲得和年慢目的是让我对所发生的事情一目了然。3. Kwanzaa was born in 1966, when Dr Maulana Karenga created a new festival so that African -Americans would be able to celebrate their history and culture. 宽扎文化节诞生于1966年

44、，当时，毛拉.卡伦格博士创建了一个新的节日以便美国黑人能够庆祝他们的历史和文化。问when Dr Maulana Karenga created a new festival so that African-Americans would be able to celebrate their history and culture是什么从句？答非限定性的定语从句。引导词when在定语从句中作时间状语。如：1、He was born in 1949, when China was liberated by the PLA. 他出生于1949年，中国人民解放军在那是解放了中国。4. Dr Kare

45、nga chose the word because there are many festivals in Africa called the first-fruitfestivals. 卡伦格博士之所以选择这个词是因为在非洲很多节日都是被称作“第一果”的节日。问如何解释because结构和called the first -fruit 结构？答because 引导的从句在句中作原因状语，called the first -fruit 结构？答beause 引导的从句在句中作原因状语，called过去分词短语在句中作定语。如：This is the student nameed Jack.

46、这就是名叫Jack. 这就是名叫Jack的那个学生。5. The African first fruit festivals had many things in common: people would get together to celebrate their harvest; people would get together to celebrate their harvest; people used to give thanks for their harvests and for life; people used to honour their harvests and f

47、or life; people used to honour their ancestors, celebrate their past, and the group or society they lived in.非洲的第一果节日有很多相同之处：人们总是聚集到一起庆祝他们的丰收；为他们的生活和丰收而表示感谢；人们常常对他们的祖先表示尊敬，对他们的过去，以及他们生活的团体和社会表示庆祝。问people would get together to celebrate their harvest; people would get together to celebrate their harv

48、est; people used to give thanks for their harvests and for life; people used to honour their harvests and for life; people used to honour their ancestors, celebrate their past, and the group or society they lived in. 为并列句吗？答可以这么分析。并列的三个部分对前面所说明many things in common进行解释。6. The festivals were a way to

49、 celebrate his tory and culture, a way to build society, and a way to celebrate the new year. 节日时庆祝文化和历史的一种方式，是建设社团的一种方式，也是庆祝新年的一种方式。问 a way to build society, and a way to celebrate the new year也是并列句吗？答是的。也是并列的三个部分。7. Dr Karenga liked the characteristics of the African festivals so much that he used

50、 them to write the Seven Principles of Kwanzaa. 卡伦格博士是如此的喜欢非洲人的节日特色以至于他用这些写出了宽扎文化节七个原则。问so that.是什么意思？答这个短语是“如此以致于”的意思。如：He is so good a basketball player that we all like him very much. 他是如此好的一个男球运动员以致于我们都喜欢他。8. The dates were chosen so that Keanzaa begins one day after Christmas and ends on New Ye

51、ars Day. 日期选定在圣诞节之后的一天开始到元旦的那天结束。问so that . 是什么意思？答这个短语的意思是：“以便”如：We must get up very early tomorrow morning so that we can arrive at the airport in time. 我们明天早晨必须早点起床以便能够及时赶到机场。9. This way, people who celebrate Kwanzaa can enjoy the spirit of the holidays without all the commercial activities of Ch

52、ristmas.这样，庆祝宽扎节的人们就能尽情享受节日带来的快乐，不需再为圣诞节的商业活动而去操心了。问who celebrate Kwanzaa 是定语从句吗？答是的。who是该从句的引导词。在从句中作主语，指人。如：This is the man who has been to hte moon. 这就是曾经登上月球的那个人。10. Since Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy, people celebrate it by lighting a candle each day and discussing one of the s

53、even principles of Kwanzaa. 由于宽扎文化节是一个既娱乐又学习的时间，所以，人们常常每天点着蜡烛讨论宽扎文化节的原则，以此来庆祝这个节日。问Since Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy是原因状语从句吗？答是的。Since引导的原因状语从句常常表示说话双方共同知道的原因。如：Since everybody is here, lets begin our class. 既然大家都在这儿，我们就开始上课吧！ 11. The candle is usually lit by the youngest child in

54、the family. 蜡烛常常由家中最小的孩子点燃。问lit从何而来？答lit是light的过去式和过去分词，在这里是“点燃”的意思。如：1、This wood is so damp that it wont light. 这木头湿，点不着。2、These streets are very poorly lit. 这些街道的照明很差。12、On the last day of Kwanzaa, family and friends gather to enjoy a large meal and to celebrate the new year. 在宽扎文化节的最后一天，家庭成员和朋友们聚

55、集在一起进餐，庆祝新年。问to enjoy a large meal and to celebrate the new year作何解释？答两个并列的不定式作目的状语。13. Create a new festival may seem like an unusual way to celebrate history and culture, but we are in fact all creating new festivals every year -festivals and holidays are always changing. 创立新节日似乎好象是庆祝历史和文化的不寻常方式，但

56、是，我们事实上每年都在创建节日-节假日总是在不停地改变着。问Creating a new festival 分别在前后作主语和表语吧？答是的。动词ing在句子中不仅可以作主语，而且还可以做状语、宾语和表语等。如：(1)My job is learning. 我的工作就是学习。（learning在句中作表语）(2)He stood there, reading a magazine. 他站在那儿看杂志。（reading a magazine 在句中作状语，表示伴随。）14. As we cledbrate them, we make new history and develop our culture. 当我们在庆祝它们的时候，我们是在写新的历史篇章和发展我们的文化。问as究竟有些什么用法？答as的用法很多。（1）作为：We often regard him as our teacher. 我们常把他当作我们的老师。（2）当的时候：As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gard