化工专业英语课件

1、第一课第一课Chemical EngineeringNew words and expressionspenicillinelastic material antibioticPVC nylonpolystyrenepolyethylene青霉素，盘尼西林青霉素，盘尼西林弹性材料弹性材料抗生素抗生素聚氯乙稀聚氯乙稀尼龙尼龙聚苯乙烯聚苯乙烯聚乙烯聚乙烯New words and expressionschemical resistancefossil fuelkerosenehigh octane fuel by-product化学阻力化学阻力化石燃料化石燃料煤油煤油高辛烷值燃料高辛烷值燃料副产

2、物副产物New words and expressionsmarketablegasolineprofessioncurriculum tireinfluenza epidemicvenereal有市场效益的有市场效益的汽油汽油专业专业课程课程轮胎轮胎流行性感冒流行性感冒性病的性病的New words and expressionspoliobacterialPetri dish cryogeniccryogenisotope脑灰质炎，小脑灰质炎，小儿麻痹症儿麻痹症细菌的细菌的皮氏培养皿皮氏培养皿低温学低温学制冷剂制冷剂同位素同位素New words and expressionsuraniu

3、mdistillammonia铀铀蒸馏蒸馏氨氨Text Chemical Engineering Chemical engineers create processes based upon physical and chemical change. 化学工程 化学工程师们在物理和化学变化的基础上创造工艺。Text The processes may yield marketable items, such as gasoline or penicillin, or noncommercial items, such as clean air or clean water. 这些工艺可以生产具

4、有市场效益的产品如汽油或青霉素；或产生没有经济效益的产品如清洁的空气或水。Text The processes are created by integrating principles from basic sciences traditionally chemistry, physics, and mathematics with consideration of economics, environmental impact, and employee safety. 这些工艺是通过整合基础科学即传统的化学、物理和数学的基本原理并考虑到经济、环境影响和工人安全而创造产生的。Text Se

5、veral textbooks in chemical engineering have introductory chapters on the chemical engineering profession. 化工专业的几本化学工程教科书中有介绍性的章节。 At the end of this chapter we list some of the most frequently used texts. 本章的最后我们列出了其中最常用的课本。Text We encourage you to browse through the introductory chapters of these

6、books. 我们希望你们能够浏览一下这些书的介绍性章节。 它们随后的章节将使你们了解化学工程课程的主要内容。 Their subsequent chapters will give you a glimpse of topics in the chemical engineering curriculum.Text The water cannot be removed from this solution otherwise than by prolonged heating at temperatures up to 300. 这些水只有通过长时间的在300以上加热才能从溶液中除去。 T

7、he process is accompanied by troublesome spattering and incrustation phenomena. 这个工艺伴随着讨厌的飞溅和结壳现象。Text The chemical engineering profession, barely 100 years old, began as an interface between chemistry and mechanical engineering. 仅有100年历史的化学工程专业是作为化学与机械工程的交叉学科出现的。 The principal goal in the early day

8、s of chemical engineering was to commercialize chemical reactions developed at a chemists bench. 早期化学工程的主要目的是使化学家实验室中开发的化学反应经济化。Text In 1983 a list of the top ten achievements of chemical engineering was compiled on the occasion of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the American Institute of Chemical

9、Engineers (AIChE), a national organization with approximately 60,000 members. . 1983年在美国化学工程学会(AIChE，一个大约有60000成员的国家组织)成立75周年之际编辑了化学工程过去的十大成就名单。Text The AIChE used two criteria to form this list: first, the degree to which the achievement was an innovative and creative response to a societal need, a

10、nd second, the historical impact of the process. These achievements are summarized as follows: 美国化学工程学会根据两个标准来形成这个名单：第一，成就对社会需求创新和创造性反应的程度；其二，工艺的历史影响。这些成就概述如下：Text Synthetic rubber. Elastic materials, such as automobile tires and drive belts, are an integral part of everyday life. 1983年橡胶的年产量是22亿磅。

11、The annual production of rubber in 1983 was twenty-two billion pounds. 合成橡胶。合成橡胶。弹性材料如汽车轮胎和驱动带已成为日常生活密不可分的一部分。Text Remarkably, this industry was developed in only two years, just in time to replace shortages of natural rubber during World War II. 抗生素抗生素。1918年流行性感冒使全世界2000万人丧生，仅美国就有500万人。 Antibiotics

12、. In 1918 an influenza epidemic killed twenty million people worldwide, one-half million in the United States alone. 值得注意的是，橡胶工业的发展仅用了两年时间，及时取代了第二次世界大战期间短缺的天然橡胶。Text Venereal diseases were incurable. 到50年代小儿麻痹症使数百万人残废。 Until the 1950s polio crippled millions. 性病是不可治愈的。Text Discovering medicines was

13、only part of the solution. 当发现皮氏培养皿中一个模具能够阻止细菌生长后，化学工程开发的技术最终每年能够生产数百万磅的青霉素。 After it was observed that a mold inhibited bacterial growth in a Petri dish, chemical engineering developed the technology to ultimately produce millions of pounds per year of penicillin. 发现药物仅仅是解决方案的一部分。Text Chemical engi

14、neering made possible the mass production of medicines and the subsequent availability to people worldwide. 聚合物聚合物。塑料如聚氯乙烯，尼龙，聚苯乙烯和聚乙烯是消费产品的主要原料。 Polymers. Plastics such as PVC, nylon, polystyrene, and polyethylene are the predominant materials for consumer products. 化学工程使得药物的批量生产成为可能，并随之可能应用到全世界范围内

15、的人们。Text Plastics have replaced wood, metal, and glass in many applications because of their superior strength/weight ratio, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties. 由于其优越的强度质量比、化学惰性和机械性能，塑料在许多应用中可以代替木材，金属和玻璃。Text Synthetic fibers. Methods to produce fine threads of polymers allow us to rely

16、less on exploiting plants and animals for clothing, carpets, and fabrics. 合成纤维合成纤维。生产细丝状聚合物的方法使得我们不再依靠剥削动物和植物来生产衣服，地毯和织物。Text Cryogenic separation of air into O2 and N2.The present production is about 1012 cubic feet per year. N2 is a key reagent for fertilizer and is used as a cryogen. O2 is used i

17、n medicine and metals processing. 低温分离空气生产氮气和氧气低温分离空气生产氮气和氧气。目前的年产量大约1012立方英尺。氮气是肥料的主要成分，而且可以用作制冷剂。氧气可用于医疗及金属加工方面。Text Separation of nuclear isotopes: 235U/238U; 12C/14C; 16O/18O. Isotopically enriched uranium changed the world for better and for worse in 1945. 核同位素分离：核同位素分离： 235U/238U; 12C/14C; 16O

18、/18O 。同位素富集铀在1945年使得世界变得很好或很糟。Text Medical research, diagnostics, and treatments require isotopically enriched elements. 医学研究，诊断和治疗需要同位素富集元素。 Nuclear energy continues to be a viable supplement to fossil fuels. 核能成为化石燃料一个可行的补充。Text Catalytic cracking of crude oil. Crude oil was once distilled into li

19、ght and heavy fractions (kerosene, gasoline, lubricating oil); the range of oil products was limited by the physical mixture of the raw material. 原油催化裂解原油催化裂解。原油可以一次蒸馏成轻型和重型馏分（煤油，汽油，润滑油）；油产品的范围受原材料物理组分限制。Text Catalytic cracking systematically decomposes oil molecules into molecular building blocks that may be used to construct complex chemicals. 催化裂化系统的将油分子分解成“分子积木”，可以用来构建复杂的化学物质。Text The ability to make high octane fuel was a crucial factor in the Battle of Britain and W