2019届二轮复习阅读理解七选五专题从空格在段中位置思考(二)——因果、转折、例证关系

1、2019届二轮复习阅读理解七选五专题 从空格在段中位置思考（二）因 果、转折、例证关系他题感悟么考.怎么解四、根据因果关系解题典例（2017 北京高考片段）One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 Weknow that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing （力口强）connections between brain cells, but the memoryprocesses that take place while we sleep

2、have been unclear.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.E. That s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.解析选E此题从行文逻辑上判断属因果关系。空前一句的意思是，有 一种观点认为，睡眠有助于增强新的记忆，选项E（那就是为什么学生如果能在学习之后有机会睡觉的话，他们就会在考试中发挥更好）是上文产生的结果。该项中的That指代的就是前面的观点，因此正确答案为E。增分技巧表示因果关系的词有：

3、so/therefore, thus, consequently（结果），as a result （of）, so/such .that ., so that .等。根据转折关系解题典例（2018 全国卷I片段）Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37, they can get alittle complex. But good news is that there re really only thr

4、ee kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.A. While all of them are usefulC. If you re experimenting with a color解析选A此题属转折关系，前句讲的是“有几种技巧帮助设计者”， 空后句意为“它们会有一点复杂”，显然前后句意有“转折”，故A项符合语境。增分技巧 表示转折或对比关系的词有：but, however, yet, while/tho

5、ugh, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless（然而），still, yet, on the contrary, in contrast/comparison等。六、根据例证关系解题典例（2016 全国卷I片段）There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of“Myelephant eats too many eels spell out the hiddenmessage “Meet me.”B. In any l

6、anguage, some letters are used more than others.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.解析选E本题采用的思维方式是演绎（从观点到例子），空格后的句子 是例子，即 “ For example, the first letters of My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message Meet me. 。故选 E项。增分技巧例证关系表示前后的某句是为了证明另一

7、句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）C 常见的表示例证关系的标志词有：for example, for instance, in fact/as amatter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。小结上下文逻辑关系语句是对段落中的细节信息的考查，属于句子与句子间的逻 辑顺序的排列。做此类试题要注意文章的语句间的组合，一是要判断语句间的逻 辑意义关系：并列、顺承、递进、因果、转折、例证等关系。二是借助句子之间 的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层

8、之间 的基本关系。II刷题集训/源准度.提速度铺阴影的题目为段中逻辑关系题ACan we be really happy and content with our life? Actually, we rarely come across a person who can claim to be perfectly content with what he has. We all wish to have more than what we already have.1 Soon wewould want something more or something different.Whyare

9、 humansnever satisfied? One of the reasons is comparing with others. Whencomparing ourselves with others, we tend to rarely focus on our own unique talents and abilities, or what we already have. 2 Curiosity can also makeus not satisfied with our life because it makes us pay more attention to things

10、 we don t know about or don t have. 3 Thus, we never feel completely content.4 We enjoy anything that s unexplored. A good change in our life does keep up happy for some time, but soon the unavoidable boredom jumps in, and once again we wish for some more changes in life, which keeps us dissatisfied

11、 with our life.Though humans can never really be completely content, we can be much more satisfied with ourselves if we try to determine how much is enough to keep ourselves happy, and limit ourselves to the pursuit （追求）of only that much. 5 As a result, we can finally makeourselves more content. In

12、addition, it s better to live in the present moment and do things we really want to do.A. Human curiosity is a doubleedged sword.B. We never feel content also because we want to change.C. We do so many things just to improve others opinions about us.D. Wealways want to find out more about what weare

13、n t familiar with.E. But even if all our wishes came true, the satisfaction wouldnt last a very long time.F. So we tend to become unhappy, thinking about what others have but we do not have.G. Setting up achievable goals can keep us away from disappointments and regrets.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了人们不满足的原因，并

14、提出了一 些如何让我们保持快乐、满足的建议。1 .选E上一句说“我们都想拥有更多”，本空紧接着说“即使是所有的愿 望都实现了，满足感也不会持续很长时间”，前后句之间是句意上的转折关系。2 .选F”当我们与别人作比较时，就很少注意自己独特的才能”，这样的结果就是“我们变得沮丧，开始想别人拥有我们却没有的东西”。3 .选D本空进一步阐述“好奇心会让我们对自己的生活不满意”。4 .选B从下一句的内容“我们都喜欢未探索过的事情”以及“ A good change . ”可知，我们不满足还因为我们想要改变。5 .选G本空是对前面一句的总结：设立一个可以达到的目标，我们就不 会有那么多的失望和懊悔。BBe

15、ing mindful is the practice of actively paying attention and making the effort to be purposely aware of your surroundings and the people with whom you communicate. Becoming more mindful needs a lot of practice and it isn t something that happens overnight. 6 ?Slow down Deadlines are everywhere, and

16、manyof us feel like we need to hurry through each thing in order to experience the next. The truth is that moving too fast leaves us open to mistakes, both personally and professionally. 7 Slow down and pay attention to what you are doing.You are likely to be more successful and also find more enjoy

17、ment.?Be aware. 8 Consider the people you see and what they are doing, the smells that surround you, and the sounds that you hear. It seemsbasic, but this is where you are right now. Haveyou really noticed all the aspects of your present experience?Think deeply in silence. The act of quieting your m

18、ind is a powerful way to gain control and focus. 9 A few minutes a day is enough to allow you to feel centered and calm.We move fast each day and feel it necessary to“get it all done ”so manyof us find ourselves stressed and anxious. 10 Measuring each day by how manythings you have finished on your

19、list isn t truly living.A. This doesn t have to take long.B. Check out these tips for ways to get started.C. The art of being mindful is being lost quickly.D. At different points in your day, stop and just look around.E. We can t possibly fully enjoy the present moment in this way.F. And experiences

20、 that happen in a rush are not fully experienced.G. By being mindful, we can focus on the things making life worth living.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。每天人们似乎总是急于把事情做完，因此对当下周围的人和事不够专注。本文给出了几条建议帮助我们静下心来留意经历过 的每件事情。6 .选B本空引出下文的内容。下文介绍了如何在生活中做一个有心之人。7 .选 F 根据上一句中的 “ The truth is that moving too fast leaves us . ”可知，太匆

21、忙会让我们出错，并且匆忙中得来的体验并不能被充分地感 受到。这两句共同说明匆忙的不利之处。因此下一句内容告诉我们要慢下来，专注于当下做的事情。8 .选D下一句内容举例说明我们要留意周围的事情，因此本空是说在一 天中的不同时刻，停下来，向四周望望。9 .选A 根据下一句 A few minutes a day is enough ”可知，冥想并不 会花费我们很长时间，一天中只花几分钟的时间用来冥想就足以使我们保持集中 和冷静。10 .选G G项意为：保持留心使得我们能集中精力做那些让我们的生活更有意义的事。本空与下旬构成对比，都提到了livingCCompetition is all aroun

22、d us. It s responsible for bringing the best out of people and enabling us to survive a fastpaced world. 11 Sometimes wesee young boys crying because their teams lost in interschool tournaments. Sometimes we find young teenagers lie and cheat just to win.12 So it s important to develop healthy compe

23、tition in children.When it comes to encouraging healthy competition in kids, the first thing to do is set goals for them to work towards. 13 If you burden them with too high a goal they can t achieve; they ll lose confidence.In addition, children may be easily affected by wrong ideas from popular me

24、dia. 14 Sportsmanship and team spirit will help them grow into sound humanbeings who aren t easily annoyed by small losses or too excited by vietories. They may also dislike cheating or lying. So give the examples where one of the family members refused to cheat to win.15 After they take an exam, don t ask about how muchthey expect to score; instead, ask what they wrote about. If your son played a basketball match at school,don t ask him whether his team won or lost;ask him howmanyscor