液体肥和叶面肥的施用

1、Liquid and foliar fertilizing 液体叶面肥Liquid and foliar fertilizingPractical tips for your golf course液体叶面肥-实用技巧Darren Moore 达瑞摩尔Shadow Creek Golf Club&Feng Rui 冯睿丽宫体育公园Seminar Outline 讲题大纲Why foliar fertilizeTurfgrass ability to absorb nutrients AdvantagesDisadvantagesLiquid fertilizersChelated mi

2、cronutrientsFertigationSoluble fertilizersA closer look at Fe (iron)Solubility of fertilizerspH and nutrient response Tissue testing and soil testingSpraying equipmentWater rates Nozzle selectionCalibrationWhats in the jug?Testing on siteRecord Keeping为何要选用叶面肥草坪草吸收养分的能力优势劣势液体肥料螯合态微量营养元素加肥系统可溶性肥料铁元素的

3、施用肥料的溶解性酸碱度和对养分的影响组织测试和土壤测试施肥机器加水量喷嘴选择你知道你买的液体肥是什么吗？测量校对记录保存 Why liquid and foliar spray为什么选择液体叶面肥？ Lighter rates of nutrients. 施用叶面肥元素施用率相对较低，用量少，肥料利用率高 Reduced chance of surge growth or fast release of nutrients from granular products pending conditions.和颗粒肥相比，一般不会出现草坪草过密生长或者烧苗的情况- 但也应考虑实际情况 Contr

4、olling growth of the plant. 控制植物的生长 Only delivering nutrients when needed. 只在需要供给植物养分时提供 Prepare turfgrass surfaces for important member events or tournaments. 在有重要会员活动或赛事时，帮助更好的准备草坪以达到要求的击打效果Liquid Feeding before or after major renovation work在特殊养护前后施用液体肥Liquid feeding - spring preparation液体肥-为春季返青

5、做准备Consistency & Control效果均匀&施用量控制Balance between granular and liquid fertilizing颗粒肥与液体肥交互施用 Plant ability to absorb nutrients植物吸收养分的能力 Liquid and soluble nutrients that can be applied directly to the turfgrass leaves, shoots and roots 易溶于水的产品可以直接施用于草坪草的根茎叶上 Plant ability to absorb nutrients

6、 植物吸收养分的能力 Current formulations of liquid fertilizers are believed to penetrate mostly the transcuticular pores on foliage, which are open virtually all the time compared to stomata. 目前液体肥所用配方成分被认为是能够穿透叶片上的微细孔道-外质连丝被植物吸收,跟气孔相比它张开的时间更长 More micro pores between stomas on cool season grasses. 冷季型草坪草的气孔

7、周边有更多微细孔道。Stomata - tall fescue高羊茅的气孔transcuticular pores on the foliage叶面上的微细孔道Advantages Light rates of fertilizer and nutrients can be applied. Relatively inexpensive. No segregation of particles, as is common with granulars. Provides nutrients directly to plants and is not influenced by soil pro

8、perties. Contains water soluble forms of nutrients - rapid absorption and use by the plant The Superintendent can control and monitor growth of the turfgrass and adjust programs. Tank mix compatibility. Can help to produce an even color. No granular fertilizer pick up (note - liquid sprays still nee

9、d to be lightly watered in before mowing).优势 施用的肥料和养分含量不必很高，施用量少，肥料利用率高 . 相对而言成本低 . 不存在颗粒肥中颗粒大小不均匀的现象. 可以直接给植物提供养分而不受到土壤质地的影响 . 含有水溶性好的养分元素能够很快吸收并且被植物利用 总监可以自如的控制监测草坪草的生长状况并调整施肥计划. 在水箱中混合时能加入其他产品. 施用后颜色均匀 . 如果是颗粒肥，施用后修剪会浪费部分产品，而液体肥则没有这个烦恼 (注：液体肥仍需要在修剪前轻微浇水).Advantages Tank mixing Primo 可以混施浦绿 Less l

10、eaching / lower overall inputs 流失较少/总体施肥量减小 Use when the plant is stressed 在草坪受胁迫时施用 Reduce thatch accumulation with the correct rates and timing 正确选择用量和时间则可减少枯草层积累Disadvantages When applying light rates the Superintendent will need to increase application frequency. Can be more labor intensive. Ina

11、bility to apply large amounts of N, P and K. Higher rates can be burn the leaf. Reaction when using poor quality water and water with high bicarbonates, calcium and magnesium. Ammonium nitrogen may volatize. Fertilizer distribution will depend on quality of spray equipment and coverage.劣势 当施用率不高时，可能

12、会需要多次施肥 . 需要更多员工进行此工作 . 不能给草坪草短期内提供大量的NPK. 施用率若掌控不好很有可能造成烧苗 . 若和质量较差的水质混合或者水质中含有碳酸氢盐，高钙离子和镁离子时容易与肥料起化学反应. 铵态氮易挥发 . 肥料是否均匀与施肥机器的性能和喷洒面有关 .Turfgrass fertility considerations草坪草施肥前需考虑 Grass type 草坪草种类 Source Macro & Minor elements 元素来源大量营养元素和微量营养元素 pH soils and water 土壤和水的酸碱度 Rate 施用量 Frequency 施用频

13、率 Season 当下季节Liquid Fertilizers Many quality liquid fertilizers will have the nutrients properly dissolved and stable in the solution. Many fertilizer companies can provide a stability and mixing chart to help you determine what products can be mixed together (watch highly alkaline products and prod

14、ucts such as potassium carbonate and potassium silica). Nitrogen forms such as Urea, Nitrate and Ammonia are very common. Chelates such as EDTA (pH 6.3) , DTPA (pH 7.5), EDDHA (ph 4-9) are common in liquid mixes. Brands such as Simplot, Scotts, Growth Products, Griggs Brothers, Brandt, Roots can be

15、purchased and used in China.液体肥 很多质量好的液体肥料溶解后，养分元素会稳定的存在于溶液中 很多肥料公司（代理商）会提供一个稳定性参数和与其他产品混合的数据表，这样你就可以决定哪些肥料可以混合施用 (注意碱性产品和碳酸钾硅酸钾等产品) 以尿素，硝态和氨态形式存在的N肥很常见 在液体产品混合时螯合态EDTA (pH 6.3),DTPA (pH 7.5),EDDHA (ph 4-9)等很常见 很多在国外有质量保障的公司的产品现都可以在国内买到（Simplot, Scotts, Growth Products, Griggs Brothers, Brandt, Root

16、s） Chelated micronutrients螯合态微量元素A soluble and stable product formed when an organic compound called a chelating agent bonds to the nutrient. The chelating agent keeps the nutrient in solution and releases it at the root / shoot surface where it is absorbed into the plant. Chelated nutrients can als

17、o be absorbed through turf foliage 一个有机复合体螯合物与养分元素紧紧相连形成一个可容并且很稳定的产物。这个螯合物会将养分固定在溶液里并且在根系吸收层释放，使得植物可以吸收利用该养分元素。螯合态的养分同样也可以被植物的叶片吸收 Chelated micronutrients螯合态微量元素Chelated micronutrients螯合态微量元素Fertigation 加肥Fertigation is the application of small amounts of nutrients (liquid or dissolved solubles) thr

18、ough the clubs irrigation system. Fertigation is relatively inexpensive and can be very beneficial through the grow-in and spring time period. Results will also depend on how good your irrigation system performs. 加肥一般是通过全场喷灌系统向球场草坪施用少量养分元素（液体或者可溶性颗粒）加肥系统一般价格合理，并且在春季或者成坪时期使用效果非常好。当然你的喷灌系统质量如何也直接决定了加肥

19、使用的效果如何Equipment Fertigation设备加肥系统Soluble fertilizers Ammonium Sulphate, Urea, Potassium Nitrate, Calcium Nitrate. Ferrous Sulphate, Magnesium Sulphate, Manganese Sulphate, Zinc Sulphate are Peters / Scotts solubles, Simplot Uflexx and Simplot Umaxx are excellent examples. Some flower and ornamental

20、 solubles can also be used for golf course spraying. Understand the solubility of the products and water volumes of the spray tanks. Some soluble products can dissolve very easy Poor quality soluble products will be harder to dissolve and can separate in the solution / tank over time可溶性肥料 Peters/Sco

21、tts的可溶性硫酸铵，尿素，硝酸钾，硝酸钙，硫酸亚铁，硫酸镁，硫酸锰，硫酸锌, Simplot的 Uflexx 和Umaxx 等就是很好的例子 一些花卉园林用的可溶性肥料也可以在球场施用 理解打药车水箱的容量还有产品的溶解性 一些可溶性产品溶解的非常好 溶解性能不好的产品在溶解时会给工作人员造成极大不便，而且一段时间后易析出沉淀物 Slow Release Soluble Options 缓释可溶性颗粒肥料Solubility of fertilizers 肥料溶解指数Fertilizer type肥料类型Solubility (100 parts H2O)溶解指数Ammonium Nitra

22、te 硝酸铵Ammonium Sulphate 硫酸铵Calcium Nitrate 硝酸钙Potassium Nitrate 硝酸钾Potassium Sulphate 硫酸钾Urea 尿素Ferrous Sulphate 硫酸亚铁 Magnesium Sulphate 硫酸镁Manganese Sulphate 硫酸锰Zinc Sulphate 硫酸锌11871266131278167110575pH and nutrient response 养分与pH值的关系图NPKSCaMgFeMnBCu&ZnMoNH4Closer look at Fe (iron)铁元素 Beijing

23、soils are naturally high in lime (calcium carbonate) driving the soil pH above 7.5, on these calcareous soils iron chlorosis is common on susceptible plants. Iron is rapidly fixed through a chemical reaction into insoluble, solid forms that cannot be absorbed by the plants roots. Such iron will be t

24、ied up indefinitely unless the pH changes. Bringing the pH levels down is also very difficult. 北京地区的土壤含有较多的石灰（碳酸钙）导致土壤的酸碱度偏高（大于7,5）。石灰土条件下的缺铁性失绿病十分普遍. 因为铁元素在这样的土壤中很快就发生化学反应被固定住成为不能被植物根系吸收的形态。如果土壤ph值不发生变化，那么铁元素会一直处于不能被利用的状态. 再者，要把土壤的ph值调低是非常困难的 Fe Sulphate, Fe Oxide, Fe Chelates, Fe Sucrates 硫酸铁，氧化铁，

25、螯合铁，蔗糖和铁的化合物Tissue and soil testing组织和土壤测试 Yearly soil tests should be completed for greens, tees, fairways and roughs. 每年都应该进行果岭球台球道和高草的土壤测试 Tissue testing is another tool to monitor nutrient levels in the leaves. With the correct information from a reputable lab, Superintendents can adjust foliar

26、and granular programs to ensure they only apply the needed nutrients to the plant and do not waste product or harm the environment. 组织测试是另外一种可以检测植物叶面养分情况的工具。一定要找一家能保证质量的实验室，可以正确的显示出球场草坪草的营养元素含量，总监们便可以通过结果来调整施肥的计划，确保植物能及时拥有它们缺失的养分，并且避免不必要的浪费或破坏环境Spraying Equipment 施肥设备 There are many different ways t

27、o apply liquid and foliar fertilizers. 叶面液体肥的施用有很多不同方法 Some methods are quicker and easy while others are slower and deliver higher water output which may be needed. 一些方式简单且时间短，也有慢一些但水输出量很高的，选择时视情况决定Equipment Boom Sprayers设备臂杆式打药施肥车Equipment Pull behind units设备拖挂式打药施肥机Equipment Walk boom spraying设备推

28、杆打药施肥机Equipment Walk boom spraying设备自走式打药施肥机Equipment - Hand Spraying设备人工施用Equipment Fertispraying设备虹吸式Equipment Mixing Station设备混合区Equipment Mixing Station设备混合箱Equipment Mixing Station设备混合箱Water rates 加水量Common water application rates are from 400 800 liters / hectare. The volume output will depend on the product being sprayed. True foliar sprays can be as low as 250 300 liters of water per hectare using a flat fan type nozzle. 普遍的施用量加水为400L-800L/公顷，出水量取决于施用的产品. 一般的叶面肥施用若选择平扇式喷嘴用水量最低能达到250L-300L/公顷Nozzle selection喷嘴选择 Flat fan 平扇式 Turbo Teejet 涡轮增压式 Floodjet 直流式