深圳中考英语考点知识点总结

1、中考英语考点、知识点总结一、题型及做题策略技巧一词汇测试1.词汇是语言表达的根底.词汇识记和积累是学习语言的根本要求.2 .在句子层面理解和应用词汇,正确理解具体语境中的词汇.3 .备考：抓住词汇学习的关键要素；切忌孤立译.4.测试形式：1同义替换含词汇和短语8个；2词汇释义,3或4个；3情景猜词,4或3个.二语法填空1.着重语法结构和功能,实词、虚词结合2 .在语篇层面考查语法知识和词汇应用.3 .语篇长度150-200词,文体不限.4 .易雄题比例为7: 3.5.填入的词可以是单个词,也可能多个词.6.备考：熟知语法规那么；增强词性和句子成分意识.7.测试形式：无提示词填空3-4个,给出提

2、示词填空7-6个.三完形填空1.抓住文中的行文脉络,正确理解上下文语境是关键.2 .从结构正确,语法正确,词义辨析,情感色彩等方面去选择 最正确答案,而不仅仅是 止 确答案.3 .备考：根本的语篇意识,利用词汇连贯上下文是根底.四阅读理解1.选材：题材与体裁多样化,阅读量适中.4 .备考：增强对不同题材的熟悉；了解不同题型的解题技巧.五书面表达1.题目：选取的话题一般贴近实际生活或者社会时事,体裁较为多样化.2.备考：多写多练多记；从根本句子结构正确,句意完整,篇章结构合理,内容要点 齐全,高级词汇和复杂句的使用等方面去逐步提升自身的写作水平.二、专题及对应知识点分析题型分值考查水平难度系数听

3、说15听说综合水平同义词选择填空15同义词词转换水平,要求考生的日常积 累中注意同义词,而/、是死记硬背单词.语法选择填空10语法综合知识,包括词法、句法和特殊 句型等.完形填空15语篇阅读水平.另外对于固定搭配的掌 握以及语法的灵活运用要求也很高.阅读理解30语篇阅读水平,通过快速阅读筛选有用 信息的水平.书面表达15写作表达水平三、中考英语语法复习一名词1 .名词的分类：根据用法,名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类1可数名词有单、复数形式的区别,需要掌握规那么名词的复数形式的构成2以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加 s变复数：如： two Marysthe He

4、nrysmonkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比拟： 层楼： storey -storeys故事：story-stories3以o结尾的名词,变复数时：a.力口 s,如： photo-photospiano-pianos radio-radioszoo-zoos；b.力口 es,支口： potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes4以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时常去 f, fe加ves：如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves2 .名词复数的不规那么变化1 c

5、hild-childrenfoot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-miceman-menwoman-women 注意：与 man和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women.如：an Englishman, two Englishmen.但 German 不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans Bowman 是姓,其复数是 the Bowmans.2单复数同形如：deer, sheep fish, Chinese, Japanese li 里,jin 斤,yuan 元,mu 亩如：two li , three mu, four jin注意：人民币元、角、分

6、属于上述情况,但美元、英镑、法郎等货币单位除外,这些词都有复数形式.如：a dollar, two dollars； a meter, two meters3以s结尾,仍为单数的名词如：a. maths, politics, physics等作为学科名词时,为不可数名词,是单数.b. news是不可数名词.c. the United States the United Nations 为一个组织机构,应视为单数.The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是 1945 年组建起来的.d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数.The

7、Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书.4表示由两局部构成的东西,如：glasses眼镜trousers.clotheSf表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair对,双;suit套;a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers5另外还有一些名词,即可做不可数名词也可做可数名词,但意思不相同.单词可数名词意思/、口数名词意思单词可数名词意思/、口数名词意思work作品著作；工作German德国人德语wood森林木头Japanese日本人日语time次数；倍数时间life生命生活；人生l

8、ight灯光线paper报纸试卷；纸room房间空间exercise练习运动锻炼glass玻璃杯玻璃chicken小鸡鸡肉fish鱼种类鱼肉orange橙汁6 常以复数形式出现并使用的名词：clothes, people, trousers, glasses, scissors, thanks,congratulations, wishes, police, stairs楼梯,works著作,woods森林,times时代3 .不可数名词量的表示,可以借助单位词表一定的数量.如：a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of cake4 .修饰可数名词的词有：many, few

9、, a few, a number of,数词修饰不可数名词的词有：much, little, a little, a great deal of即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的词有：some any, no, a lot of5 .定语名词的复数即名词修饰名词名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外.1用复数作定语.如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室2 man, woman等作定语时：其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定.如： men workerswomen teachers3数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保存单数形式.如：tw

10、o-dozen eggs 两打/二十四个鸡蛋a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundredtrees两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年方案6.名词的格1有生命的人、物及其他名词的所有格在词尾加“s ,如the boy s bO修的书包2假设名词词尾已有-s ,只加如：Teachers Day the twins parentsh e students books3时间、距离、地域等名词的所有格形式为-stoday s newspapeiten minutes waBke city s problem4在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不

11、出现它所修饰的名词如：the barbers 理发店 at my aunt s housego to the doctor s5凡不能加“s的名词,都可以用“名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系如：the title of the song 歌的名字 the window of the house6如果两个名词并列,并且分别有s,那么表示“分别有；只有一个s,那么表示“共有如：Johns and Marys rooms 两间John and Marys room 问7双重所有格形式a novel of Mark Twin afriend of my father s / mine二代词1.人

12、称代词1人称代词的主格在句子中作主语,例如：John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了.注意：在复合句中,如果主句和从何主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.2人称代词的宾格在句子中作动词的宾语或介词宾语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语.例如：I saw her with them.her做宾语,them做介词宾语- -Who broke the vase?-谁打碎了花瓶？- -Me.-我.me

13、= Its me.在正式文体中这里应为I.附：宾格代替主格的情况：a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后,多用宾语.- -I like English.-我喜欢英语.-Me too.-我也喜欢.- -Have more wine?-再来点洒喝吗？-Not me.-我可不要了.b.在表示比拟的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格.但如果比拟状语的谓语保存,那么 主语只能用主格.He is taller than I/me.He is taller than I am.3动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she带有亲切的感情色彩.Give the cat some fo

14、od. She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的.她饿了.4指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用shaa.单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为：you, he / she and IYou, he and I should return on time.b.复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为： we, you and they- 注意：在成认错误,承当责任时,第一人称放在前面.It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了.- it的主要用法：可以表示天气,时间,距离,形式主语,形式宾语,身份等.2 .物主代词人的：包括形容词性的物主代词和名

15、词性的物主代词.名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+名词3 .反身代词：1增强语气,起强调作用,“自己,亲自“,本人2用在一些动词后,表示主语既是动作的发出者,也是动作的承受者.常见的这类动词有： teach, dress, help, look after, enjoy, hurt, wash4 .不定代词1） none of方旨人或物答复 how many / much的问题nobody, no one 指人 nothing 指物2） one指人或物,复数为ones, that指物不可数名词,it指代前面提到的物体.I have got a nice watch. Would you l

16、ike to buy one? a watchI have got a nice watch. Do you like it? the watchThe weather here is better than that in Beijing. the weather3三者或三者以上：all 全部,者B any 任何一个none个也没有 两者：both 全部,都either 任意一个neither 一个也没有*Neither of us is from the USA.None of us have / has ever been there before.注意：not与both, all连用表

17、示局部否认.4） some用于肯定句中,也可用于表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中any用于疑问旬、否认旬中；还有 任何的意思5） another泛指“另一个the other常与 one连用,表示两者中的另一个： onethe other others泛指别的,其他的the others特指别的,其他的有范围限制the others = the other + 名词else放在合成不定代词或疑问词之后6） every +名词,只能做定语三者或三者以上each两者或两者以上的 每一,可以单独使用常见的短语：each of+名词/代词；each other7合成不定代词的用法略注意：形容

18、词修饰不定代词,放在不定代词后面.8 many, few, a few +可数名词复数much, little, a little+不可数名词注意：little作形容词,小的a little还可以修饰形容词和副词的比拟级和最高级三数词：表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词.表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词.1 .基数词1基数词写法和读法：345three hundred and forty-five；2基数词一般是单数形式,但以下情况,常用复数：a.与of短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如hundreds of;b.表示几十岁；in his for

19、tiesc.表示年代,用 in +the + 数词复数；in the 1980s / 1980 s2 .数词1数词的不规那么变化及缩写形式：first-1stsecond-2ndthird 3rdfifth 5thninthtwelfth twentiethtwenty-first-21st2序数词前通常使用定冠词the,但有时使用不定冠词a, an,表示又一,再一 如：Try it again, please.When I sat down a third man came in.3 .数词的用法1倍数表示法a.主语+谓语+倍数或分数+ as + adj. + asI have three

20、times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多.b.主语+谓语 + 倍数分数+ the size amount, length of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的 49 倍.c.主语+谓语+倍数分数+形容词副词比拟级+ than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%.d.用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased b

21、y four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了 4倍.2分数表示法：基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母.分子等于1时,分子的序数词用单数；分子大于1时,分母序数词用复数：1/3 -one-third ; 2/3 -two thirds.四冠词：冠词包括定冠词the和不定冠词a, an两类.冠词不能单独使用,通 常用在名词前面,帮助说明名词的含义.1 .不定冠词a, an的用法：1常放在可数名词的单数形式前面,表示的概念,但数的概念没有one强烈.An interesting story book; a small boy; There s a kite in the tree.2

22、放在可数名词的单数形式前,表示一类人或物.3用在固定短语中.2 .定冠词the与指示代词this, that同源,有 那这个这些,那些的意思,但较 弱,放在名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或东西.1特指双方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine. 把药吃了.2上文提到过的人或事：He bought a house.Ive been to the house.3指世上独一无二的事物：the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth4与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人：the rich 富人, the living 生者5用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词,only

23、, very, same等前面：Where do you live?I live on the second floor你住在哪？我住在二层.Thats the very thing Ive been looking for那正是我要找的东西.He is the only person who knows the secret是唯一知道秘密的人.6用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：the People s Republic of Chi借人民共和国the United State/国7用在表示乐器的名词之前：She can play the piano.她会弹钢琴

24、.8用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人：the Green郝林一家人或格林夫妇9用在惯用语中：in the day, in the morning afternoon, evening,the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky water field , country, in the dark, in the rain,in the distance,in the middle of,in the end, on the whole,by the way注意：在 sun , moo

25、n, breakfas待之前有形容词时,可用a, an=如：a full moon3 .不用冠词的情况：1国名,人名前通常不用冠词：England, Mary；2泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词；They are teachers.他们是教师.3抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词；Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母.4物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词；Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存.5在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不

26、加冠词；We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课.6在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词；The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里.7在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词；如：have breakfast play chess8重叠运用的名词短语前常省去冠词；from house to house, neck and neck, hour after hour, one by one9在一些习惯用语中注意：以下一些短语的区别有定冠词时,表示相

27、关处所或地点,没有定冠词时,表示与相关处所有关的活动或功能. 如：go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital去医院并不是去看病,而是有其他目的in front of in / at the front ofin hospitalin the hospitalat table at the tablein classin the classby seaby the seago to schoolgo to the schoola number ofthe number of*两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西.He raises a black and a wh

28、ite ca他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫.The black and the white cats are her这只黑猫和白猫都是他的.*如后一个形容词无冠词,那么指一物.He raises a black and white ca他养了一只花猫.4.冠词的位置1不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前.注意：a.位于以下形容词之后：such, what, many, half,I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is fit for the job.b.当名词前的形容词被副词 as, so, too, how, however, enough饰时,不

29、定冠词应放在形 容词之后：It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a way.c. quite, rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后.如：quite a nice picture2定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both, double, half,twice, three times等词之后,名词之前.All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了.五形容词和副词1 .形容词的用法：形容词修饰名词,说明事物

30、或人的性质或特征.也可以放在联系动词 后面作表语.1直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语.That s a heavy b诞偌He s very happy to come hereinThe good news made me very happy集语补足语2有些形容词是表语形容词.这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰.例如：afraid害怕的 alone单独,单独asleep睡着的川 生病的.He is an 川 man.错 The man is ill. 对She is an afraid girl.错 The

31、 girl is afraid. 对这类形容词还有：well 身体好的unwell 身体不舒适的；alike相象的,alive活着的,awake醒着的等3形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边.但是如果形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词时, 要放 在这些词之后,例如：something nicea.大局部形容词加-ly可构成副词.但friendly友好的,lovely可爱的,lonely孤单的, lively热闹的,有生气的,活泼的等仍为形容词.She sang lovely.错Her singing was l

32、ovely.对He spoke to me very friendly.错He spoke to me in a very friendly way.对b.某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接.如：the dead, the living , the rich, the poor, the blind, the hungry如:The poor are losing hope.c.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用.the British, the English, the French, the Chinese.The English ha

33、ve wonderful sense of humor.4.多个形容词修饰名词时, 其顺序为： 限定词-数词-描绘词-大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色-出处-材料性质,类别-名词 a small round table a dirty old brown shirta tall gray building a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car典型例题：1） Tony is going camping with boys.A.little two otherB.two little otherC.two oth

34、er little D.little other two答案：Co由限定词数词描绘词-大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色性质名词的公 式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有 C符合答案.2） One day they crossed the bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stoneB. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old答案：Ao几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是：年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词.3） - How was your recent

35、 visit to Qingdao?- It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the days at the seaside.1 . few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last答案：B.此题考查多个形容词的排序问题.一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的放在后,在不 能确定时,可参照下表：a.限定词+数量词序数词在前,基数词在后+性状形容词+大小、长短、上下等形体+ those

36、+ three + beautiful + large + squareb.新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词01d + brown + wood + table副词主要用来修饰动词,形容 词,副词或其他结构.2 .副词的用法：用来修饰动词、形容词或其它副词,在句中做状语3 .形容词和副词的比拟级和最高级大多数形容词性质形容词和副词有比拟级和最高 级的变化,即原级、比拟级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差异.原级即形容词和副词 的原形,比拟级和最高级有规那么变化和不规那么变化两种.1掌握比拟级和最高级的变化形式；2单音节形容词及局部双音节次加er, est;3局部双音节词及多音节词前面加 more, m

37、ost或less, least构成；4不规那么变化形式：原级比拟级最高级good / wellbetterbestbad/badly/川worseworstmanymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest4 .使用比拟级时要注意的问题：1在比拟级前可以使用以下一些单词或短语加以修饰：much, a little, even, far, a bit, still, a 10t 等数词+量词也可以修饰比拟级如：He is two years younger than I

38、.还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语.This room is twice as big as that one.2要防止重复使用比拟级错He is more cleverer than his brother.对He is more clever than his brother.或 He is clever than his brother.3要防止将主语含在比拟对象中.错China is larger that any country in Asia.对China is larger than any other countries in Asia.4不含than的形容词和副词比拟级

39、前可以加不定冠词a, ana / an +比拟级+名词How fast he runs. I ve never seen a better runner.比拟级前加定冠词the表示特指.Tom is the taller of the two brothers.5 ) than后面可以用主格,也可以用宾格.但有时也有区别.I m taller than he / him.I like the boy than her.比拟：I like the boy than she.5.比拟级的常见句型：1)比拟级+ and +比拟级越来越 2) the +比拟级,the +比拟级.越,就越3) asas

40、 和一样；not as / so和as不一样;不如中间用形容词或副词的原级4) like . better than 和相比更喜欢5) 宁可也不. Prefer to do sth rather than do sth.prefer to do sth.prefer doing sth to doing sth.6) more B than A 与其说 A,不如说 B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work.=He is less slow than lazy at his work.7) no more than 与一样,不比多

41、The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than 与样He is no less diligent than you.8) more than不只是,非常 She is more than kind to us all.9) 使用最高级时应注意的问题：1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用, 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级白含义,只表示非常过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle) 现在分词(Present Participle).3 .动词时态时态结构时

42、态结构一般现在时动词原形(第三人称单数)一般过去时动词的过去式现在进行时am / is / are+动词的过去进行时was / were+ 动词的一般将来时1. will +动词原形2. am/ is / are going to+动词原形过去将来时1. would +动词原形2. was / were going to +动词原形现在完成时have / has + 过去分词过去完成时had+过去分词注意：*各种时态的用法省略夫go, come, arrive, leave, move, di好动词的进行时态可以表示对应的将来时态.夫表示过去经常发生而现在不再做的事情用used to do4.

43、动词的被动语态1用法：动作的承受者作句子的主语.2 根本结构：be +过去分词掌握以下一些常见结构：a.一般现在时态：am / is / are +过去分词b.一般过去时： was / were+ 过去分词c.现在完成时： have / has been 过去分词d.一般将来时：will be过去分词或者be going to be +过去分词3含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+ be +过去分词4动词不定式的被动语态结构：to + be +过去分词如：There are twenty more trees to be planted.5以下动词的主动语态表小被动语态.miss丧失,sell

44、 well销路好,need / want doingMy bike is missing.This kind of food sells well. Your coat needs watering.6 happen, take place发生,last时续,cost, hold咨纳,have, like, feel, soun师起来等 词没有被动形式.如：Great changes have taken place in our school.The water can last three days.Silk feels soft and smooth.The cake looks nic

45、e.An accident happened to him.5.动词不定式：由to +动词原形构成,没有人称和数的变化,有时 to可以省略.在旬 中除了不能做谓语外,能够作其他一切成分.还能拥有自己的宾语和状语,构成不定式 短语.1动词不定式的句法功能：* 做主语：常用It + be +形容词+ of / for sb. + to do sth.结构.of: good, bad, polite, kind, nice, clever, right, careful 等for: important, necessary, difficult, possible, dangerous 等* 做表语

46、：常用在等连系动词后面,假设主语很长而表语很短,可以将两者颠倒过来.His job is to sell the computers.He seems to be interested in the detective stories.* 做状语：表目的：She was here to visit her daughter.表原因：Im sorry to trouble you.表结果： The box is too heavy to carry.表示程度：This room is big enough to hold 200 people.* 做定语：放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,假设它与所修饰的名词有动宾关系,这个不定式 应为及物的.如：I was the first to come.I have no pens to write with.劭宾关系* 做宾语：常见的动词有：want, agree, choose, try,