关于高三英语语法知识定语从句的复习教案

1、关于高三英语语法知识定语从句的复习教案18. 定语从句定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：I

2、s he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2） whose 用指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose （of which

3、） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）18.2 关系副词引导的定

4、语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如：There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our off

5、er? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。18.3

6、判断关系代词与关系副词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的村。I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断改错：（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错） I will n

7、ever forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.（对） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this muse

8、um _ you visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, t

9、hat, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。18.4 限制

10、性和非限制性定语从句1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Char

11、les Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。y house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to

12、have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。18.5 介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：This is the house in

13、 which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Do you remember the day when you joined our club?18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，w

14、hich在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起，这对我们人类很重要。典型例题1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个

15、独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as

16、 D. it答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。（2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。as 的用法例1. the sameas；suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我

17、碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。18.7 先行词和关系词二合一1） Whoever spits in public will be punished here. （Whoever 可以用 anyone wh

18、o 代替）2） The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：What you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送了。Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。2） wh

19、o= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：（错）Who breaks the laill be punished.（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（对）Whoever breaks the laill be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。3） that 和 what当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。Wha

20、t只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：I think（that）you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。18.9 关系代词that 的用法1）不用that的情况a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b） 介词后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our fo

21、od. 我们依赖土地获得食物。We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a） 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b） 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c） 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。d） 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e） 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：All

22、 that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。高三英语A healthy life教案Unit3 A healthy life1、abuse v.根据语境猜词义(1)We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us.(2)All the children had been physically

23、and emotionally abused.(3)He greeted me with a stream of abuse,_which made me feel sad.根据语义找匹配：A. 滥用 B. 谩骂 C. 虐待；伤害(1) A (2) C (3) Bdrug abuse 滥用药品 child abuse 虐待儿童翻译句子(1) 滥用能会给我们的子孙后代(offspring)带可怕的未。The abuse of energy will bring our offspring a terrible future.(2) 根据最新的法律，家长不允许虐待儿童。According to t

24、he latest law, parents are not allowed to abuse their children.2、ban n. & v. 禁止；取缔；禁令根据语境感悟其用法(1)From last June, there is a_ban_on offering plastic bags for free in supermarket.从去年6月份开始禁止超市无偿提供塑料袋。(2)People are banned_from_smoking in many public places in England.在英国许多公共场所禁止吸烟。banfrom (doing) st

25、h. 禁止(做)某事a ban on关于的禁令ban / forbid / prohibitban由于法律或社会压力而禁止，有谴责或不赞成的意思。搭配banfrom (doing) sth.forbid较常用。可以是个人，也可以是国家、政府机关作出的规定和准则。搭配forbid sb. to do sth. / forbid doing hibit强调以法律、官方行政手段或规制度的形式加以禁止。搭配prohibit sb. from (doing) sth.用ban / forbid / prohibit的适当形式填空(1) After the accident, he was

26、banned from driving alone.(2) Our school forbids us to bring cell phones to school.(3) The law prohibits the tobacco from being sold freely.3、due adj. 应付的，到期的，预期的根据语境感悟其用法(1)Their plane is due in 15 minutes. 他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达。(2)The electricity bill is due today.今天该交电费了。(3)A great deal of money is due

27、_to you.这些钱应该付给你。due to因为；归因于，归功于be due to do sth. 定于某时做某事翻译句子(1)由于这次全球性的金融危机，他被解雇了。He was fired due to the global financial crisis.(2)这次峰会(summit)将在一个非洲国家举行。The summit is due to be held in an African country.4、accustomed adj. 习惯的，通常的根据语境感悟其用法(1)We were_accustomed_to working together.我们习惯了一起工作。(2)Ha

28、ving moved to the northeast of China, I had to accustom_myself_to the dry weather.搬到东北后，我不得不使自己适应干燥的气候。be / become/grow/get accustomed to (doing)sth. 习惯于get used to (doing) sth. accustom oneself to(doing) sth. 使自己习惯于；养成的习惯用accustom的适当形式填空(1)She was a person accustomed to having eight hours' slee

29、p a night.(2)He took his accustomed seat by the fire.(3)I'm not accustomed to getting up so early.翻译句子(4)她的眼睛很快适应了黑暗。Her eyes quickly became accustomed to the dark.(5)短裤放在惯常的地方。The pants were in their accustomed places.5、quit (quit, quit / quitted, quitted) vt.根据语境猜词义(1)I am so tired that I deci

30、de to quit next month.(2)I had to quit the gathering in order to be home by midnight.(3)He quit smoking, and talked something to the person next to him.根据语义找匹配：A. 离开 B. 停止 C. 辞职(1) C (2) A (3) Bquit 必须接名词或动名词作宾语。 除此之外，以下动词也有类似用法：suggest; practise; risk; enjoy; escape; admit; advise; allow; appreciat

31、e; avoid; deny; mind; miss; permit; consider; forbid; finish; prevent; keep; delay; dislike; imagine。翻译句子(1)教练盯着队员并要求他们不要说话。The coach stared at the team members and asked them to quit talking.(2)这个贼有逃脱警察抓捕的技能。The thief has the skill of escaping being caught by policemen.(3)我想你不介意我写信向你求救。I would like

32、 you not to mind me writing to you for help.6、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事根据语境感悟其用法(1)I feel_like_drinking a cup of hot tea in the cold winter every evening.在寒冷的冬天里，我每个晚上都要喝杯热茶。(2)I feel_like_lying on the bed and listening to the music. 我喜欢躺在床上听歌。(3)It feels_like a snake. 这摸上去像是条蛇。would like to do sth

33、. 想要做某事prefer to do sth. 喜欢做某事would rather dothan do 情愿做而不愿prefer doing (sth. ) to (doing) sth.情愿做而不愿enjoy doing sth. 喜欢 / 乐意做某事根据语境感悟其用语(1)他想抽根烟。He feels like a cigarette.(2)我情愿工作到深夜完成这事情也不愿工作没做完就休息。I would rather finish it until late night than have a rest leaving the work unfinished.7、take a risk

34、 / risks冒险根据语境感悟其用法(1)I know that I am taking_a_risk,_but it is all worthwhile.我知道我是在冒险，但这非常值得。(2)He took_the_risk_of losing his own life and saved my life in the cold river.他冒着失去自己生命的危险，在冰冷的河水里救了我的命。at risk冒风险；处于危险中at the risk of(doing) sth. 冒的危险risk doing冒险做 at one's own risk自担风险翻译句子(1)为了寻找失踪的

35、小孩，他冒着被困风雪中的危险。In order to search for the lost child, he risked getting caught in a snowstorm.(2)任何人在此游泳，后果自负。Anyone swimming in this lake is at his own risk.(3)战争爆发了，许多无辜的民众处于失去生命的危险之中。The war broke out, and many innocent people were at the risk of losing their lives.8、in spite of 不管；尽管根据语境感悟其用法(1)

36、They kept going in_spite_of their fears.他们不顾害怕继续前进。(2)In_spite_of the heavy rain, he came on time.尽管雨很大，他还是按时了。in spite ofdespiteregardless of不管，不顾，尽管；后跟名词、动名词、代词、名词短语等。although尽管，后跟从句。翻译句子(1)不管别人怎么说，我仍认为他这个人很好。In spite of / Despite / Regardless of what others said, I think he's a very nice pers

37、on.(2)尽管天气不好，他们的假期还是过得极为愉快。They had a wonderful holiday, in spite of / regardless of / despite the bad weather. / Although the weather was bad, they still had a wonderful holiday.9、As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.(P18)正如你所知道的，如果你反复地做同一事情，你就

38、会开始机械的地做它。as引导非限定性定语从句，代替逗号后面的句子，常译为“正如”。翻译句子：众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。As is well known，great changes have taken place in China.10、When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it_was_time_to quit smoking.(P18)当因为我不再适合而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了。It is (high / about) time for sb. to d

39、o sth. It is (high / about) time that sb. did / should do sth. 该某人做某事的时候了。It is high time for us to say goodbye. It is high time that we should say goodbye.到我们分别的时候了。体验下列有关“time”的句型：(1)It_is_high_time the teacher dismissed the class.(2)It_was_the_second_time that the teacher had been interrupted.(3)

40、It_was_for_the_second_time that the teacher was interrupted.(4)By_the_time I got home, they had finished supper.(5)There_was_a_time_when_I was often bullied by my classmates.(6)The_first_time I met her in Shanghai, I fell in love with her.翻译句子(1)现在是周六了，你该把工作放下了。It's Saturday already. It's hi

41、gh time for you to put down your work.(2)我们该为自己的未做打算了。It's about time that we should plan for our future.单项填空( )(3)It's high time that we students _ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.A. work B. will workC. worked D. have to work( )(4)y train arr

42、ives in Shanghai at 10 this morning. By that time the plane I would like to take _ from there.A. is leaving B. will have leftC. has left D. will leave( )(5) It's the second time that I _ to Shanghai. What great changes! It's ten years since I _ it last time.A. have been; left B. had been; le

43、ftC. am; had left D. come; had left( )(6)I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.A. first time B. for the first timeC. the first time D. by the first time( ) (2010湖南)John's success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today.A. why B. whenC. which

44、 D. thatIt_is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.(P22)D 考查强调句型。题干为强调句型，被强调部分为years of hard work，故选D项。2016届高考英语必修四Unit3基础巩固复习教案Unit3基础巩固练习（新人教版必修四）. 单词拼写1. If you are _(满足于) with such a small success，you wont make greater progress.答案：content2. In order not

45、to be heard by our English teacher，I had to _(低语)the good news to my deskmate David.答案：whisper3. Daniel _(溜走)out of the classroom through the back door when no one was looking，but he was caught by the headmaster outside.答案：slid4. Hawking is one of the _(杰出的)scientists in the world，who puts forward t

46、he new theory of the black hole.答案：outstanding5. With Jack _(指示)me，I had no difficulty in finding the famous singers house.答案：directing. 选词填空up to now；cut off；pick up；be content with；be badly off1. With the electricity _，all the machines had to stop working.答案：cut off2. He _the salary at present，so

47、hes decided to leave the company.答案：isnt content with3. Our junior middle school _for teachers.答案：is badly off4. _，the work has been quite smooth.答案：Up to now5. I believe things will _soon.答案：pick up. 易错模块1. No matter how I tried to read it，I just couldnt make _of this sentence.A. meaning B. thought

48、C. sense D. idea解析：选C。make sense of理解，明白。句意：不管我怎么努力读，就是不明白这个句子的意思。2. y aunt always loses her way when she is out by herself，because she has no _of direction.A. sense B. feelingC. touch D. scene解析：选A。have no sense of direction是习惯用法，指没有方向感。sense of sight/hearing/smell/taste/touch视/听/嗅/味/触觉。3. (2008年高考

49、福建卷)Whats the _of having a public open space where you cant eat，drink or even simply hang out for a while?A. sense B. matterC. case D. opinion解析：选A。句意：在这样一个公共场所，你不可以吃、喝，甚至不可以走动，你会有什么样的感觉？sense感觉；matter问题；case情况，状况；opinion观点。根据题意选A。4. I am sure David will be able to find the libraryhe has a pretty go

50、od _of direction.A. idea B. feelingC. experience D. sense解析：选D。have a sense of. . . “有感”，句意：我敢肯定戴维能找到图书馆，他有很好的方向感。. 语法专练本单元语法v. ing作表语、定语和宾补1. (2010年南昌二中月考)On the bank of the river，we found him _on a beach，with his eyes _on a kite in the sky.A. seated；fixing B. sitting；fixingC. seated；being fixed D.

51、 sitting；fixed解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。第一空用seated或sitting作宾补，第二空处是with复合结构，由fix ones eyes on sth. 可知应用过去分词fixed。2. Her main job is _the office，which means keeping the diary and filling in everybodys appointments.A. managing B. to be managingC. having managed D. managed解析：选A。此题考查v. ing作表语。3. The plan to be carr

52、ied out next month needs _among the members of the Labor Union before _.A. to discuss；carrying outB. to be discussed；carried outC. discussing；being carried outD. discussed；to be carried out解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。need表示“需要”，主语是物时，其后可以接动词的ing形式，此时用主动形式表示被动含义；第二空前的before在此是介词，其后接名词或动名词，故答案为C。4. At the airport，a

53、 man dressed in a black suit was caught _on the clean floor.A. spit B. spittingC. spat D. to spit解析：选B。现在分词作主语补足语。catch sb. doing sth. 意为“发现某人正在做某事”。5. y favourite cartoon character is ickey ouse. Its so _that we often feel _when we see it.A. exciting；exciting B. excited；excitingC. exciting；excited

54、D. excited；excited解析：选C。exciting令人兴奋的；excited(感到)兴奋的；句意指米老鼠令人感到兴奋，我们见了它就感到兴奋2016届高考英语基础巩固复习：Unit4基础巩固练习（新人教版必修. 单词拼写1. They made a_(重大)discovery，which surprised us.答案：major2. He_(迎接)all the guests warmly as they arrived.答案：greeted3. She gave her son a_(拥抱)and let him go to bed.答案：hug4. Much to my surprise，my intention was_(误会了).答案：misunderstood5. She kissed her little girl o