[中学联盟]辽宁省锦州市锦州中学高考英语 语法考点---虚拟语气(共32张PPT)

1、语法专题语法专题高考英语语法考点高考英语语法考点-虚拟语气虚拟语气锦州中学外语组锦州中学外语组 王海锋王海锋中学学科辽宁高考中对虚拟语气的考查主要出现在单项填空部分。1.主要考查的知识点：(1)在状语从句和名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(2)含蓄虚拟语气 复习重点：复习重点：(1)掌握虚拟语气的基本概念及用法。(2)在条件句中省略if的虚拟语气。(3)意义上不是虚拟语气，但必须使用虚拟语气的情况。2. 如何应对虚拟语气的考查如何应对虚拟语气的考查解题时，首先要确定题干句子表示的句意为真实的还是虚拟的，来决定是否该用虚拟语气。带有状语从句的复合句应重点看从句，根据从句句意所表达的信息来判断是否该用虚

2、拟。虚拟语气确定后要明确是对现在、过去还是对将来的虚拟，从而确定虚拟语气的形式。 But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 思路点拨：思路点拨：分析题干，根据But for the help of my English teacher(要不是我的英语老师)，可知该句为虚拟语气。整句语意为：要不是英语老师的帮助，我就

3、赢不了英语写作比赛一等奖。“赢得一等奖”是已经过去的事情了，所以此处表达的是对过去的虚拟，谓语该用would not have done的形式。故判断空格处应该选B。熟熟 读读 深深 思思1. 状语从句中的虚拟语气状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) If I had time, I would go there. (2) If you had come earlier, you couldnt miss the bus.(3) If it were to rain/ should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. (4) We got u

4、p early in order that we could catch the first bus.熟熟 读读 深深 思思(5) We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.(6) We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus.(7) She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.(8) It seems as if he doesnt know her. zxxk归归 纳纳 总总 结

5、结条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来V+ ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. V. + ed.2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原原)规则规则1. 条件状语从句条件状语从句归归 纳纳 总总 结结规则规则2：目的状语从句：目的状语从句 so that/ in order that 从句：2. for fear that/in case that 从句：3. l

6、est 从句：从句用can /could / may / might 动词原形，如：(4)。从句用should动词原形，意为“以防，万一”，如：(5)。从句用should动词原形，“以防万一”，如：(6)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结规则规则3：方式状语从句：方式状语从句as if/ as though 从句：【注意】as if / as though连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚拟语气，如：(8) 。与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似，如：(7)。熟熟 读读 深深 思思2. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气(1)It is suggested that I (should) e

7、xercise every day. The doctors suggestion is that I (should) exercise every day. (2) His face suggested that he was very sad.(3) How he wishes that he were a bird.(4) We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.熟熟 读读 深深 思思(5) We wish we would live on the moon one day.(6) I would rather you

8、were not here with me now.(7) I would rather you hadnt done that.(8) It is important that we (should) have a good knowledge of computer science. (9) It is a pity that you (should) be absent from the meeting.(10) We are surprised that he (should) be a doctor.规则规则1：名词性从句中，表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，(1) 建议：动词adv

9、ise, suggest, propose, recommend (名词advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation)(2) 命令：名词order, command(3) 要求：动词request, require, demand, ask, insist (名词request, requirement, demand)，如：(1)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结名词性从句用(should) 动词原形。规则规则2：I wish (that) 宾语从句(虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”， (2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，(3)表示愿望“将来实现希望

10、很小”，归归 纳纳 总总 结结从句用一般过去时，如：(3)。从句用过去完成时，如：(4)。从句常用could/might/would 动词原形，如：(5)。规则规则3：would rather/prefer that从句(从句用虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时，如：(6)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时，如：(7)。规则规则4：名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩时，归归 纳纳 总总 结结 从句用should 动词原形/should have done，should 可译为“应该；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。例子如下：(1)It is

11、 important/necessary/essential/surprising/vital/ that 从句，如：(8)。(2) It is a pity / a shame/ an honour/ no wonder that从句，如：(9)。(3) 主语 be sorry/ disappointed/ surprised that从句，如：(10)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结 熟熟 读读 深深 思思3. 定语从句中的虚拟语气定语从句中的虚拟语气(1) Its time that we should go home.(2) Its time that we went home.(3) It

12、is the second time that I have visited Beijing. (4) It was the second time that I had visited Beijing.归归 纳纳 总总 结结 Its (about/high/very) time that从句 注意下面固定句型的时态搭配：It/This is the first/second/time that主语has / have doneIt/This was the first/second/time that 主语had done.如：(3)、(4)。从句用虚拟语气，谓语用一般过去式或 should

13、 do, should 不能省略，意为“某人该做某事”熟熟 读读 深深 思思4. 简单句中的虚拟语气简单句中的虚拟语气(1) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!(2) May you succeed！(3) Everybody leave the room! (4) Let one of you go and tell her to come. 归归 纳纳 总总 结结 虚拟语气用于简单句时，一般表示祝愿、命令等。规则规则1：表示祝愿，如：(1)、(2)。规则规则2：表示命令，如：(3)、(4)。 谓语要用动词原形。熟熟 读读 深深 思思5. 含蓄虚

14、拟语气含蓄虚拟语气(1)If only you hadnt told him the news.(2)Human beings would die without water. Human beings would die if there were no water.(3)I couldnt have succeeded but for your help. I couldnt have succeeded if you hadnt helped me. 熟熟 读读 深深 思思(4)I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that

15、 book. If I had had money then, I would have bought that book.(5)Had they had time(If they had had time)，they would have certainly come to help us.(6)If I had studied in a university, I would get the job in the company. 归归 纳纳 总总 结结常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况：规则规则1：if only 意为“要是 就好了” 与wish后面的虚拟语气类似，如：(1)。规则规则2：witho

16、ut / but for 如果没有，就会。如：(2)、(3)。规则规则3：otherwise / or 否则，不然的话，就会。如：(4)。【注意】(1)当虚拟语气的条件状语从句中有had，should，were时，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，而把had，should，were 提前到句首，变为半倒装，如：(5)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结 (2) 混合虚拟语气 虚拟语气中，常出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情，此时，从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语气。如：(6)。(3) 几种特别用法was/were supposed to have donewas/were to have donehad t

17、hought/believed，buthad planned/intended，buthad wished/hoped， but本应该做本计划做本以为本计划/本打算本希望 情态动词情态动词+ have donecould have done 本来可以本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能本来可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做本来应该做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做本不该做 - - neednt have done 本不必做本不必做 - - - would have do

18、ne 本会本会/要去做要去做- 1.If you were old enough, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowedD. had allowed2. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have broughtC. brought D. bring3. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A.

19、 Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were4. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 5. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try6. If he _ to the teacher attentively, he

20、_ the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know7. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended8. - Have you seen that fi

21、lm “Let the bullets fly”? - _. A. Only if I had seen it B. If only I had seen it C. If I have seen it D. Had I seen it9. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been10. It is high time we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would

22、 sum11 _， he couldnt solve the problem.A. Even if he were here B. If even he were hereC. Even though he was here D. Though even he were here12. But for the guidance of our instructor(导师导师) , we _ in the experiment. A. shouldnt succeed B. could not have succeeded C. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded13. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ fre