主谓一致学案

1、主谓一致学案【重点难点】谓语动词用单数的种种情况。就近原则。定语从句中的主谓一致。谓语动词用单数（1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数动词。例如：To work hardnecessary.努力工作是必要的。Readi ng without comprehe nsionno good. 只读不理解是不好的。（2）表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用。例如：Two weeks was too long.两周太长了。Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是个小数目。Five times f

2、ive makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。One and a half bananas is left on the table.一只半香蕉留在桌子上。主语是单数时，尽管后面跟 as well as （以及）,no less than （不少于 ，多 达），rather than（而不是）, more than（不止是，超过）,but（除了），except（除 外）,besides（加之，还有）,with（和 一起，和 一块儿）,along with（跟 一起）,accompanied by （由 陪同）,combined with（力口上）,in addition to（

3、除 以外）,including（包括）,together with（与 一起）等，谓语动词仍用 形式。Every teacher as well as his stude nts（hope） to see their progress.（4）某些不定代词，如： either, n either, each, one, other, ano ther, an ybody, anyone,anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one, nothing 等，当他们做 主语时，其谓语动词通

4、常用单数形式。例如：Each of the boysan apple.每个孩子都有苹果。Somebody is using the pho ne.有人正在用电话。Everything around us is matter.我们周围一切都是物质。（5）用and连接的并列成分前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时，意义为单数，动词也用单数形式。In Chi na, every boy and girl the right to compulsory educatio n. 在中国每个儿童都有权利接受义务教育。Each man and woma n whothe TOEFL

5、 is supposed to get the score report in five weeks. 参加托福考试的每个人都能在五个星期内收到成绩通知单。Many a student and teacherseen the film.不少老师和学生都看过这部影片。（6）none（of+名词或代词）在正式文体中被看做单数，谓语动词用单数，但非正式文体中也可以用复数。例如：None of us seem to have thought of it.我们中似乎没有人想到它。"Is there any letter for me?”“Sorry,有我的信吗sr?对不起；没有。”None o

6、f the drivers has (have) turned up. 一个司机都没有来。谓语动词用复数(1)用and, both.and连接的并列主语，或在both,(a)few, many, several等修饰语后面谓语动词用复数形式。 例如：Plastics and rubber never rot.塑料和橡胶永不生锈。He and Iclassmates whe n we were at college.他和我大学时曾是同班同学。these no velsin terest ing.这两部小说都有意思。Few people know it.几乎无人知道。集体名词 people, po

7、lice, public, militia, cattle, class, youth 等，常用复数形式的谓语动词。例如：The Chinese peoplebrave and hardworking.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。Most policeun iforms. (wear) 绝大多数警察穿制服。The cattlegraz ing in the sunshine. 群牛在阳光下吃草。(3) 当表示民族的词与冠词合用充当主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The Japa nese were once very aggressive 日 本人曾是很具有侵略性的。The En glish ar

8、e more con servative and less talkative tha n the America ns.英国人比美国人保守且不爱说话。(4) 某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：The richnot always selfish.富人不总是自私的。The wou nded are well treated here.伤员在这儿接受良好治疗。The agedfrom various miseries in this country.老年人在这个国家承受各种悲惨遭遇。(5) 不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。例如：

9、Three million tons of coal were exported that year.那年出口三百万吨煤。Two milli on square meters of hous ing were con structed in my hometow n last year.主谓一致的几种特殊情况1. 就近原则。有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致，主要有以下两种情况：(1) 用连词 either.or, neither.nor, whether.or, not only.but(also),or 等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数,一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠

10、近它的主语一致。例如： What he does or what he says does not concern me他做什么或是他说什么与我无关。Either the boy or the girl knows him well.不是这男孩就是那女孩了解他。Not only you but also he is wrong.你和他都错了。(2) 在倒装结构中，谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。例如： Where is your mother and you nger sisters?你的母亲和妹妹们在哪里？a book, two pencils and some buttons on

11、 the table.在桌子上，有一本书，两支铅笔和一些扣子。2. 集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army, audie nee, band ,governme nt ,group ,team ,troop. crowd, firm, family 等例如：The familythe basic unit of our society.家庭是社会的基本单元。The familywatching TV .全家人正在看电视。The committee meets twice a m

12、on th.委员会一月开两次会。The committee are divided in opinion. 委员会意见有分歧。The audie neeeno rmous.观众人很多。The audieneegreatly moved at the words.听了这话听众都很感动。3. 些表示数量的短语与名词连用时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语有：a lot of(lots of),ple nty of, a heap of (heaps of),half of, two thirds of, nin etypercent of, part

13、of, rest of, some of, none of 等。例如：Lots of damagecaused by the fire.火灾造成了很大的损失。Two thirds of people presentwomen.在场三分之二的人是妇女。40 percent of the studentsfrom the south of China.40% 的学生来自中国的南方。nu mber of stude ntslate.许多同学迟至 U了。4. 定语从句中关系代词做主语时，其谓语动词的数必须与其先行词一致。例如：I, whoyour friend, will try my best to

14、 help you.我作为你的朋友会尽力帮助你。Each of us whohis classmateswilli ng to help him.我们这些他的同班同学都乐意帮助他。.5.某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数：第一组：a great many +可数名词复数 谓语用复数a number of +可数名词复数 谓语用复数the majority of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数第二组；the nu mber of + 可数名词复数 谓语用()第三组；more than one +可数名词单数 谓语用单数 many a +可数名词单数 谓语用单数第四组；the greater part o

15、f, a large proportion of , 50% of , one third of, plenty of , the rest of 谓语的数与of后面的名词一致第五组；(n)either(n)or.not only .but also not.buW语的数与主语的第二部分(即(n)or/ but also/ but引导的后面部分)一致.注意比较：More stude nts tha n onebee n referred to .More tha n one stude ntgoing to buy this book6.单复数同形的名词作主语，其谓语动词应根据具体内容决定单复

16、数。如means, works(工厂),species,deer, sheep, bis on, aircraft, crossroads, series. Every means has bee n tried .每种方法都试过了。 These means are out of date .这些方法是过时的。d 10 全国 n Barbara is easy to recognize as she ' s the only one of the women who evening dress.A.wearB.wearsC.has wornD.have wornd 10 湖南 List

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20、39; s jacket looked just the same as Jack ' s, but it cost his.A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much as08 陕西Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the areain vited.A. wereB. have bee nC. has bee nD. was07 江西 A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ood for one's health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD.