导学案语法unit1M3

1、Module 3 Unit 1 The World of Our SensesGrammar and Usage Learning Guide学习目标：学习并掌握名词性从句的基本用法，包括名词性从句的类型，连接词的种类以及相关用法。学习重难点：名词性从句及相关连接词的选用名词性从句(Noun Clause)名词性从句在句子中起名词作用, 根据它们在句中所起的语法作用, 这类从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句的具体分类1. 主语从句（Subject clause）。主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句。*That she survived the accident

2、 is a miracle. 她在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。*Whatever we do is to serve the people. 我们无论做什么都是为人民服务(1)that引导主语从句时, that无意义, 不作句子成分, 但不能省略。(2)可用形式主语it代替主语从句, 而把真正的主语从句置于句尾。*It is almost certain that their government will lose the next election. 他们的政府在下次的选举中将失利, 这几乎是肯定的。2. 宾语从句（Object clause）。宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句, 通

3、常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)、形容词或介词之后。*He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。在一般情况下, 宾语从句中时态要和主句相一致, 尤其是主句为过去时态时。有时, 宾语从句中时态也可以和主句不一致。客观真理和自然规律的内容在宾语从句中时态保持不变。*We didnt know (that) you had sold your house. 我们不知道你已经把你的房子卖了。*Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun. 迈克问地球是否绕着太

4、阳转。(1)宾语从句后如果接补语, 则常用it作形式宾语, 而把宾语从句置于句末。*We all find it important that we should make a quick decision about this matter. 我们都认为对这件事尽快做出决定很重要。(2)有些及物动词或及物动词短语后接从句时, 常常先用it作形式宾语。例如: like, love, dislike, hate, enjoy, appreciate, see to, depend on等。*I took it for granted that youd stay with us. 我想当然认为你

5、会和我们待在一起。*Ill see to it that everything is ready in time. 我保证到时一切就绪。3. 表语从句（Predictive clause）。表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后, 一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。*All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it. 我能说的就是我与此事没有关系。*One advantage of solar energy is that it will never run out. 太阳能的一个优点是永远也不会枯竭。4. 同位语从句（

6、Apposition clause）。同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的从句。同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等的后面。*The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise. 美国受到恐怖主义分子袭击的消息令全世界吃惊

7、。同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词, 同时又在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语), 而同位语从句中的that是连词, 只起连接从句的作用, 不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的, 其功能是修饰先行词, 对先行词加以限定, 描述特定的性质或特征; 同位语从句是名词性的, 其功能是对名词进行解释或补充说明。*No one is happy with the fact that he found out. 没有人对他发现的事实感到高兴。(定语从句)*No one is happy with the fact that he will become their b

8、oss. 没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。(同位语从句)二、名词性从句的引导词连接词that, if, whether等连接代词who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever等连接副词When, where, how, why, as if, because等1. that引导的名词性从句。that引导名词性从句时, 仅起连接作用, 不充当成分, 无实际意义。*The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money. 困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实。*

9、My opinion is that things will improve. 我的意见是事情会好起来的。1)当两个或两个以上that从句并列作宾语时, 只有第一个that可以省略。(2)当that作介词宾语时, that不可省略。(3)用it作形式宾语的宾语从句, that不能省略。(4)主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时, that不可省略。2. whether和if引导的名词性从句。whether可引导所有的名词性从句, if仅可引导动词宾语从句和主语从句, 且if引导的主语从句不能位于句首。*I dont know whether/if you are willing to he

10、lp me. 我不知道你是否愿意帮我。*I wonder whether/if daughters are valued as sons in the countryside. 我想知道在农村女儿是否和儿子一样受到重视。此外，还有几种情况需注意a. 在介词后面只能用whether, 不能用if。*It depends on whether he is ready.这件事要看他是否有准备。b. 在discuss后的宾语从句中，只能用whether, 不能用if。*We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.我们讨论了是不是要对

11、我们的计划进行一下修改。c. 当whether与or not连成一个词组时，whether不可换用if。*I dont care whether your car breaks down or not.*I dont care whether or not your car breaks down.d. 主语从句不能用if*Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.我们明天是否能在户外举行派对取决于明天的天气。e.后接不定式时,只能用whether。*I dont know whet

12、her to go.我不知道是否要去。f.引导表语或同位语从句时,也只能用whether。*The doctor can hardly answer the question whether the old man will recover soon.医生也回答不上来这个老人是否能马上恢复。3. 引导词what与that的区别引导主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接作用。*What we cant get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的似乎要比我们所拥有的要好。*That

13、the Chinese Mens table tennis team won the World Cup excited us all.中国男子乒乓球队获得世界乒乓球比赛的冠军让我们很是激动。 三、名词性从句“三注意”(1)注意语序:名词性从句若表示疑问的意思,在复合句中要用陈述语序而非疑问语序。(2)注意时态:名词性从句中的时态要与主句在形式或意义上保持一致。(3)注意主谓一致:从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;但what或who引导的从句作主语时,则要根据从句的意义而定。四、名词性从句练习1. _ makes this shop different is that it offers

14、more personal services. A. What B. WhoC. WhateverD. Whoever2. Its thirty years since we last met.   But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.    A. which  B. that  C. what  D. when3. See the flags on top of the bui

15、lding? That was _ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. What4. Could you do me a favor?It depends on _ it is. A. whichB. whicheverC. whatD. whatever5. These shoes look very good. I wonder _.A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they cost D. how much are they c

16、ost6. Doris' success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. which B. that C. when D. why7. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that8. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? A. thatB. whatC.

17、 asD. which9. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turnD. for her to turn10. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth.A. /B. whetherC. howD. what11. Danny left word wi

18、th my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which12. Mum is coming. What present _ for your birthday?A. you expect she has gotB. you expect has she gotC. do you expect she has gotD. do you expect has she got13. The way he did it was different _ we were used to.A. in whichB. in whatC. from whatD. from which14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer