(完整版)非谓语动词学案教师简洁版

1、非谓语动词学案（教师版）从这乘飞机到巴黎用我们连两个小时的时间。（二）不定式做表语I. 不定式(The Infinitive定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在eg My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,既可以有时态和语Your mistake was not to write that letter.children.态的变化又有自己的宾语和状语。（以动词do为例）一、不定式的构成主动形式被动形式一般式to do完成式进行式无完成进行式无动词不定式的否定形式是由not

2、或 never加不定式构成。完成句子：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants'我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。（三）不定式作宾语 以不定式结构为宾语的动词有:ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promi

3、se, refuse, want, wish 等只能Try not to be late again next time. 尽量下次不要再迟至 U。用动词不定式作宾语口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）He wished us never to meet her again他希望我们不要再同她见面。e.g. Tom refused to lend me his pen.二、动词不定式的用法We hope to get there before dark.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、另外，不定式在某些复合宾语中作宾语时,常常用it代表不定式，而表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定

4、语和状语。将真实宾语放在补足语之后。如:（一）不定式做主语:不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。Do you think it better to translate it in this way?e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.你认为这样翻译是不是更好?To lose heart means failure.I feel it my duty to serve the people heart and soul.汉译英完成句子：To see is to believe.眼见为实。To wait is better tha

5、n to leave. 等待比离开好。I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so manystudents注：1）不定式作主语时，谓语用2）当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。放到谓语的后面。it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下All of us thi nk it important to study English well.列结构中:大家认为学好英语很重要。(1) It is/was +adj.+of sb

6、. to doDo you consider it better not to go? 你认为不去更好吗It 'sgood/kind/nice/bad/clever/wise/silly/stupid/foolish/honest（四）不定式做宾语补足语如:(2) It is/was + adj.+for sb.+to doHe want you to be his assistant.I saw her cross the street.It is easy / difficult / hard / likely/probable/possible / right / wrong /

7、汉译英:unnecessary/important我想请你帮我做英语练习。I would like you to help me with my English exercises.(3) It is +a + 名词 +(for) to do.s duIt is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one:ynevehexpe cted the shoes to be worn out so soon.shame / a crime / no easy jobdo- to我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。to do(4) It takes (sb.)

8、 some time / courage / patience注：1.如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，在主动语态中作宾补to doIt requires courage / patience / hard work的不式不可带to，这些动词有三使、两听、五看、一感觉、半帮助。完成句子:It's kind of you to help me。你帮我是好的It 'silly of the students to cheat in the examination.I felt my blood run cold.但如果句子是被动语态，则What made you think lik

9、e that?to不可省略。have, make, let, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice; feel, h学生考试作弊是愚蠢的He was made to clean the windows as a punishment.It，sa n honor for us to attend such an important meetingSomeone was heard to come up the stairs.参加这样重要的会议我们对我们是一件荣誉的事。完成句子：It is importa nt for us t

10、o learn English very well.Though he often make shis little sister cry, today he was made to cry byhis little sister.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。It 'good manners to wait in line. 排队等候是很有礼貌的。尽管他经常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that.He is often heard to sing t

11、he song.经常有人听至U他唱这首歌。听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。注:2. get,等词也有“让”“叫”的意思，和使役动词意思相近，但它It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.后面的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有to。如:十分钟完成这件工作是难的。I' ll get him to try it again. 我将让他再试一次。It takes us two hours to fly to Paris from here注:3. allow, permit, advise, consider, forbid,等跟 doin

12、g 作宾语，跟不定式做宾语。但 refuse, agree, hope, demand等不跟复合宾语。（五）动词不定式做定语 序数词、形容词最高级或被only, last, next等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.注意：不定式为不及物动词或所修饰的名词是地点、工具等，应有必 要的介词。完成句子：Give me a knife to cut apples with.（肖U苹果）Some people have no house to live in （住）especially

13、in Beijing.The fox found a box to stand on（站在上面）.Could you lend me a pen to write with（写字）This is the tool to work with （劳动）.Give me a piece of paper to write on（写字）.I have nothing to worry about （担心）.如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this proble

14、m.（六）不定式做状语不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、结果、原 因等。1、表目的例如：To learn a foreign language well, you must try your bestHe came here in order to see Charlie.I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him完成句子：In order to protect the young plants from the sun, Mother put them in the shade.为了保护幼苗不被太阳晒坏，妈妈把它们放到了阴凉

15、处。He got up very early this morning so as not to be late for school agai n. 今天早上他起身很早以免上学再迟到。注：1. in order to置于句首或句中，so as to只放在句中.In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.注：2.不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语e.g. He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.判断正误： To save money, every means

16、 has been tried.To save money, he has tried every means. To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.注：3不定式做目的状语放在句末时不用逗号，而Ving做目的状语放在句末时用逗号。He worked hard to enter key university.He worked hard, entering key university.2. 表结果不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型 soas to W

17、ould you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? such （）as to I ' m not such a fool as to believe that. adj./adv. + enough to tooto His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. only to find, only to be told 出乎意料之外的结果What I said to make you angry.注意：tooto通常表示太而不，但在下列句子中没

18、有否定的意思。She is only too glad to stay at home.她太想留在家里了。He is too anxious to know the examination results.他很急切地想知道考试结果。完成句子：The questi on is too difficult for me to answer.对我来说，这个问题很难回答。He said he was clever enough to deal with it by himself.他说他足够聪明可以独自应付这件事。Will you be so kind as to turn down the radi

19、o?请你帮我把收音机调低一点好吗？He woke up only to find himself in hospital.他醒来发现自己在医院里。The water is not fit to drink.这水不适合饮用。The room is very comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服2. 不定式作形容词的状语女口： I'm glad to meet you.I'm anxious to know the result.I'm sorry to say that.完成句子：They are surprised to learn of

20、 his death.得知他死亡的消息，他们很惊讶。We are proud to be young people of new China.成为新中国的青年，我们感到很骄傲。另外，hard, difficult, easy, fit， comfortable等词也可以接动词不定式。这时候，作句子主语的除了是表示人的词外，还可以是表示物的词。 如：The water is not fit to drink.这水不适合饮用。The bed is comfortable to lie on.完成句子：The question is easy to solve.The box is heavy to

21、 carryThe ice is_ too thin to skate on.She is nice to work with.The pen is smooth to write with.注意：后两句中的不定式与句子的主语或宾语之间是动宾关系，此时如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则需要带上适当的介词。与疑问词连用。疑问代词 who, what, which和疑问副词 when,where, how连词 whether等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world

22、 today.I' m not sure whether to go to the re.On hearing the news, he didn ' t know whether to laugh or to cry. 完成句子：The boy is old enough to go to school.The problem is how to get there on time.When to start has not been decided 什么时候出发还没有定。问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。介词后一般不直接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。完成句子：Mary

23、 gave some advice on how to learn English. 玛丽提了一些女 M可学 习英语的建议。I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道该怎么做。不定式的复合结构由for +名词或代词+动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主 语、表语、宾语、状语等。由for引岀的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：easy / difficult / hard / probable/possible / right / wrong / unnecessary/important例如： It is necessary for you to finish

24、 the work before Friday. 主语 你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。It ' time for us to go to school.定语There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome. 定语Can you arrange for a car to take us there?宾语It ' for you to decide. 表语He put the paper on the desk for you to read.状语完成句子：His idea is for us to travel in dif

25、ferent cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。由of引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：brave,careless, good, honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, wise clever,等。例如：It ' s kind of you to say so.完成句子：It ' s brafyou to go into the burning building to save the baby!你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿不定式的省略1.

26、 不定式省略to的规则： 前面我们已经谈到，在一些使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补 语时，不定式符号to常常省略，下面还有几种情况请大家注意： 在why引起的一些疑问句中，疑问词直接跟动词原形或not+动词原形。完成句子：Why spend so much money? 为什么花这么多钱？Why not let her have a try? 为什么不再让她试一试？ 在 had better （还是最好），had best （最好，顶好）,would rather（宁可，宁愿）,would rather than（宁可而不） ,would sooner（宁可，宁愿）,would soone

27、r than （宁可而不）,cannot but（不得不，必然） ,cannot choose but （只得）,cannot help but （不得不）等结构后直接跟动词原形或not +动词原形。完成句子：You' d better listen to your teacher' s opinion.你最好听一听老师的看法。I would rather work than stay idle.我宁愿工作而不愿闲坐。Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 他宁愿挤公共汽车也

28、不愿骑自行车。Liu Hulan would rather die than surrender. 刘胡兰宁死不屈。 作介词but，except，等的宾语不定式，前面有实义动词do , to do, 不定式符号to可省略。I have nothing to do but lie down and sleep .They did nothing but watch TV last night .完成句子：Last evening I did nothing but repair my farm tools. 昨晚上我除了修理农具外，没有做其它的事情。Now there was nothing h

29、e could do except admit defeat.现在他只有认输。如but之前没有do，其后的不定式则一般要加to。如：完成句子：I' m afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi.恐怕我们别无选择，只好乘岀租车了。They desired nothing but to succeed.他们只想成功。 在出现并列的动词不定式时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号to 可省略。完成句子：I really don ' t know what to say and do.我真的不知道该说什么，该干什么。Can you help m

30、e to call him and ask him to attend the meeting at 2:00 p.m.?你能不能帮我打电话给他，叫他下午两点来开会？ 当主语部分有动词 do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略 to o 女口： All you do now is （to） complete the form. 你现在要做的只是把 这张表填好。The only thing to do now is （to） go on.前进是现在唯一的 出路。但如果两个不定式有对比的意思，则不定式符号to不可被省去。To wait is better than to leave.完成句子：I

31、 came not to scold you but to praise you.我是来夸你的，不是来骂你的。The purpose of the new technology is to make life easier, not to make it more.difficult._新技术的目的是为了使生活更容易，而不是使生活更艰难。2. 省略do保留to :上文中出现了某一动词或动词短语，下文中再遇到此动词的不定式结 构时，往往要省略动词不定式， 但通常省略动词原形或短语而保留不 定式符号too注意：1.若被省略的不定式为to be短语，则通常应保留to beo 女口： He is no

32、t the man he used to be.他已不是原来的那个样子了。2.有时省略不定式时，同时也可省略to o女口： She may go if she likes （to）.她想去就可以去。高中阶段常见的不定式短语：高中阶段常见的一些不定式短语可以作谓语，如：be able to do （能,会），be about to do（即将做 ）,used to do（过去常常 ）,be gladto do （乐意做）,would like to do （想要做）,be likely to do（很可能做）,go all out to do something 全力以赴,be supposed

33、 todo应该等。高中阶段还有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可以称它们为插入语。如：to tell you the truth （说老实话），to be frank （坦率 地说）,to begin with （首先）,to be brief （简言之）,to be exact （精 确地说）等。完成句子：To tell you the truth, I hate him.说老实话，我恨他To be frank, I don ' t agree with what you said. 坦率地说，我不同意你说的话。我建议用另一种方法做这件事。高中阶段常见的能接-ing分词作宾语

34、的动词：mind （介意），suggest（建议）,enjoy （欣赏，）,admit （承认）,appreciate （感激，欣赏）,II. V-ing （现在分词/动名词）动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。 -ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构 成-ing短语。一、V-ing的形式：avoid （避免），delay （推迟），dislike （不喜欢，厌恶），escape（逃 脱），finish （完成），forgive （宽恕）imagine （想象），keep （保持）， miss （错过），practise （训练），resist （抵抗，抵制），ri

35、sk （冒险），deny（拒绝，否认）,consider （考虑）allow, permit, advise, consider, forbid,V-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，等。而不及物动词的 V-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make和不V-ing作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下:动词语态 形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式完成式注意:语。如：I don ' t thikpossible living in such a cold plac

36、e.我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。Do you con sider?你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？ V-ing作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如：rm against inviting him to dinner.我反对邀请他来吃饭1. V-ing的否定形式是由 not加V-ing构成。如： his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。made all of us an gry.他没来使我们大家都很生气。二、V-ing的语法作用V-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个

37、名词或 形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语等。（一） V-ing （短语）作主语： is easier than doing.说比做容易。注意：在下面两种结构中，V-ing分词也作主语。 为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。It's a waste of time.辩论这事是浪费时间。 在There is no结构中，通常用 V-ing分词。如：There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开

38、不得玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。2. V-ing （短语）作表语： V-ing分词作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么。如：Their job is building houses.他们的工作是盖房子。The real questi on is.真正的问题是了解人民的需要。 V-ing分词（使役动词）作表语可以表示主语所具有的特征。如：This story is very interesting.这故事很有趣。The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。The news is

39、 surprising.这条信息令人鼓舞。The situation is encouraging. 形式令人鼓舞。3. V -ing作宾语：V -ing作动词宾语。如：The students wasted much time （in） playing computer gamesWe enjoy attending Miss Li's class.我们喜欢听李老师的课。I suggest.He went to London in the hope of.他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。 注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如：I have no difficulty （in）

40、communicating with foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。What can prevent us （from） getting married?有什么能阻止我们结婚？动名词前省略介词in的常用结构be careful （in） doing sth做某事时很小心 be busy （in） doing sth 忙于做某事 have difficulty（in） doing sth 做有困难 have trouble （in） doing sth 做某事有困难 have a problem（in） doing sth 做有困难 have a good time /

41、 fun （in） doing sth 做某事很开心 have a hard time（in） doing sth 做很辛苦 spend money（time） （in） doing sth 花钱（时间）做某事 waste money（time） （in） doing sth 浪费钱（时间）做某事 There is no difficulty（in） doing sth做某事没有困难There is no need / use（in） doing sth 做某事没有用 There is no point（in） doing sth 做某事没有意义 另夕卜， V-ing 可以和一些介词女口 in

42、, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如：He left ahead of time.他一句话也没说就提前离开了。, she had to take care of four childre n. 除了做饭和缝纫（sew）以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。高中阶段常见的 带介词to的短语，后接-ing分词或名词。如：admit to （承认）,contribute to （捐助、贡献）,get down to （着手做）, lead to （导致），look forward to （期待）,turn to

43、 （求助于）,stick to（忠于、坚持），see to （注意、处理），be used to （习惯于），devote oneself to （献身于）,pay attention to. 下列动词既可跟不定式又可跟Ving的动词，区别如下（1） .begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动 词时，须接不定式。When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was I couldn &

44、#39;helpwrong.(2).有些词后面既可以接不定式亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区 别，须特别注意：A remember，forget，regret 接动名词，表示完成意义 (=having done)， 接不定式，表示将来意义：Please remember(bring)me the book I want next time.I remember(see) her (=having seen her) somewhere before.Don't forget(write)to me soon.I never forget(visit) (=having visited)

45、them for the first time.I regret(miss) that good film last week.(后悔干 事)I regret not(take) (not having taken) your advice.I regret(say) I can't take your advice.(遗憾=be sorry)B mean： mean to do=want to do 打算，想要；mean doing :意味着，就是I am sorry, I didn't mean(hurt)your feelings ，Learning a foreign

46、language doesn't mean just(work) in class.C. stop： stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；stopdoing停止干，动名词作宾语。After some time, they stopped(work)and had a rest.After walking some time, they stopped(have)a rest.D. try: try to do，努力，试图干 事；try doing :试着干事He searched everywhere and tried(find) his key.He cam

47、e to the city from the countryside and tried(find) a job.The mother is out and the boy had to try(cook) for himself.They tried to succeed and tried (do) their experiments again andagain.E. want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，主语与动名词之 为动宾关系。The bike requires(repair).These young trees require(look after).The m

48、atter needs(think)over.(=to be thought over)A Mr. Wang wants(see) you.You don't need(leave)so early.F. go on: go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。After a smoke，he went on(tell)us that interesting story.After writing the composition he went on(work)out his mathsproblems.

49、G. 动词advise， allow， permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词， 复合宾语时用动词不定式。Doctors advisesmoking to benefit one's health. 放弃The doctor advised himsmoking so as to improve hishealth.放弃She doesn't allow (permit)in her room.扌由烟I. be used to doing 习惯于 be used to do被用来做I m used to.早晨六点起床Wood is used.被用来制作家具J.can&

50、#39; t help doing#不自禁 can' t helpo do 不能帮助做Hearing the news, she.不禁大哭.打扫教师4. V-ing分词作补语： V-ing 分词做 see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, 等动词的宾语补语。I saw two dogs fighting fiercely.I saw the child being beaten by his father.注：V-ing分词作宾语表示正在进行的动作；不定式表示动作的全过程或动作的结束。I heard som

51、eone knocking at the door.I heard someone knock at the door. Three times.我看到一个男孩正在沙滩玩。我 看到一个男孩穿过了马路上了汽车。I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑岀来。I no ticed a man爬入银行拿走了一大包钱。 V-ing分词做have, get, set的宾补表示一直进行的动作，不定式表示一个将来的动作。What he said set me thinking d

52、eeply.He set the boy to chop wood.I 'll have my son see him off.The farmers had the tractors working all night long.别让车一直等着。 我让着去车站接你。 做leave, keep, catch, find等动词的宾语补语。如：Don 'leave the boy waiting at the gate in such a cold day.Last n ight the shopkeeper caughtinthe shop .昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东

53、西。 上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，V-ing分词可看成是主语补语。如：We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 让我们等了好长时间。Jill was n ever heard.人们再也没有听到吉丽唱这首歌了。 understand sb doing 理解（多用否定句）understand to do 知道，料定（多用肯定句）;send sb. to do派,send sb. doing使.突然;I can'understand him speaking to me like that.I understand him to spea

54、k to me like that.I sent the boy to catch the bird.The sound of the gun sent the birds flying away.5. V-ing作定语： V-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语 从句。如：When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy.当她岀现的时候，约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。Who is the comrade?站在门边的同志是谁？注：不定式作定语表

55、示将来的动作；现在分词作定语表示正在进行 的动作，过去分词作定语表示完成和被动的动作。The meeting to be held soon is very important.The meeting being held now is very important.The meeting held yesterday soon is very important.6. V-ing分词做状语：时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随 V-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由 连词when, while引出。如：Hearing the news, he couldn'

56、;thelp thinking the days in the college. Walking out of the room, he found the boy still there.While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。 V-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Being ill, he couldn 'go to school.Many of us, being so excited, couldn' t go to sleep that night.因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics pr