英语现在分词和过去分词用法异同ppt课件

1、 如今分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学如今分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两习中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是： 过去分词在时态上强调动作曾经完成，在语过去分词在时态上强调动作曾经完成，在语态上偏重于被动；态上偏重于被动； 而如今分词在时态上强调动作正在进展，在而如今分词在时态上强调动作正在进展，在语态上偏重于自动。语态上偏重于自动。 这种根本的区别详细表达在两种分词分别充这种根本的区别详细表达在两种分词分别充任的各种句子成份中。细述如下：任的各种句子成份中。细述如下：

2、 共同点：分词作定语时，假设分词只是一共同点：分词作定语时，假设分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；假设是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于之前；假设是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。语从句。不同点：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的不同点：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但如今分词与逻名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但如今分词与逻辑主语之间是自动关系，所表示的动作普通与辑主语之间是自动关系，所表示的动作普通与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过

3、去句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词那么表示被动关系，所示动作普通发生在分词那么表示被动关系，所示动作普通发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。谓语动词之前或同时发生。1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修饰修饰 noise 的分词短语；再根据句意的分词短语；再根据句意“一阵闪电之后，

4、接着就是一一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声巨响。可知，巨呼应是自动，紧接在闪电之后的。因此，该题声巨响。可知，巨呼应是自动，紧接在闪电之后的。因此，该题应选应选B。2.The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词短

5、语；再根据的后置分词短语；再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词对于动词 play 来说只能是被动接受，且已完成来说只能是被动接受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，。因此，该题应选该题应选C。3.Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak简析：该题应选简析：该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句语从句 which is spoken4.Most of the people _ to the pa

6、rty were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句从句 who were invited5.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选A。测试过

7、去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句从句who were invited6.The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后，。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后，可以用非限制性定语从句可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year替

8、代替代7.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句从句which were written 共同点：分词作表语时，它起着共同点：分词作表语时，它起着描画词的作用。描画词的作用。不同点：分词作表语时，句子的不

9、同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但如今主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但如今分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是自动关系，所表示的动作的普通与句自动关系，所表示的动作的普通与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词那么表示被动关系，所示而过去分词那么表示被动关系，所示动作普通发生在谓语动词之前或同时动作普通发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。发生。 1.This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析：首先，根据

10、语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，由简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，由于于 sounds 在此句中用作连系动词；再根据在此句中用作连系动词；再根据 The news 对于动词对于动词 encourage 来说应是自动关系，即这个音讯本身就鼓舞人心。因此，来说应是自动关系，即这个音讯本身就鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选该题应选A。2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to

11、 please 简析：首先简析：首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作表语。由于待选部分在句中应作表语。由于 seems 在此句中用作连系动词在此句中用作连系动词; 再根据再根据 his father 对于动词对于动词 please 来来说应是被动关系说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴即这个结果使他的父亲高兴; 换言之换言之, 他的父亲由他的父亲由于遭到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此于遭到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此, 该题应选该题应选C。3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very

12、 _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。 共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或阐明作用。补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或阐明作用。不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但如今分的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但如今分词与其逻辑主语之间是自动关系，所表示词与其逻辑主语之间是自动关系，所表示的动作普通与句中谓语动词所表示的动作的动作普通与句中谓语动

13、词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词那么表示被动关系，同时发生；而过去分词那么表示被动关系，所示动作普通发生在谓语动词之前或同时所示动作普通发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。发生。1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 简析简析: 首先首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充阐补充阐明宾语明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语再根据宾语 the man 对于动词对于动词 lie 来说应是自动关来说应是自动关系系, 而

14、且而且, lie 这个动作与谓语动词这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进展。因此同时进展。因此, 该题应选该题应选A。2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析简析: 首先首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充阐补充阐明宾语明宾语 the package; 再根据再根据 the package 对于动词对于动词 weigh

15、 来说来说, 只能只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。3. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 简析简析: 该题应选该题应选B。测试动词。测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词后要求跟动名词, Peter 是动是动名词的逻辑主语。名词的逻辑主语。4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the a

16、ir _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析简析: 该题应选该题应选B。测试使役动词后用如今分词作宾补表示宾语正。测试使役动词后用如今分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。发出的动作。 共同点：分词作状语时，普通在句子中作时共同点：分词作状语时，普通在句子中作时间、缘由、方式或伴随等状语。间、缘由、方式或伴随等状语。不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但如今分词作状语时，与其逻分词的逻辑主语。但如今分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是自动关系，所表示的动作普通与句

17、辑主语之间是自动关系，所表示的动作普通与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词那么表示被动关系，所示动作普通发生谓语动词那么表示被动关系，所示动作普通发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。之前或同时发生。 1.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个

18、句中应作状语；再根据再根据 European football 对于对于 make 来说应是自动关系，即欧洲足来说应是自动关系，即欧洲足球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应选球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应选A。2._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否认式是在其前直接加测试非谓语动词的否认式是在其前直接加 not

19、。假设动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。假设动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选C。测试如今分词可以作补充阐明的状语。测试如今分词可以作补充阐明的状语。4. “Cant you read? Mary said _ to the notice. A. angri

20、ly pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选A。测试如今分词作伴随状语，经过副词。测试如今分词作伴随状语，经过副词 angrily 进展干扰。假设进展干扰。假设B 答案为答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。时也对。另外，分词作状语时，假设其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一另外，分词作状语时，假设其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需求独立主格构造或致时，需求独立主格构造或 with 复合构造来替代。复合构造来替代。(此时，也可把此时，也可把该分

21、词看成介词的宾语补足语。该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。) 例例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands，而不是句子的，而不是句子的主语主语 The murderer , 而而 his hands 对于动词对于动词 tie 来说，只能是被动接来说，只能是被动接受。因此，该题应选受。因此，该题应选D。 1.I cannot

22、understand _ such a well-paid job. A. him to give up B. him to have given up C. his giving up D. his being given up2.Jane s summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman. A. her marry B. her to marry C. her being married D. her marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left. A. there being

23、not B. there not being C. not there being D. there was not4.If you think a letter is too slow, why not _ a telegram? A. try to have sent B. trying to send C. to try to send D. try sending 5.There is no chance _ him today. A. in seeing B. to seeing C. of seeing D. about seeing 6.I know you like _ . W

24、ould you like _ with me now? A. to swim, to swim B. swimming, swimmingC. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming7.Before _, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using 8.To give up _ means _ . A. smoking, stopping smoking B. smoking, to stop smoking C. to smoke, t

25、o stop to smoke D. to smoke, stopping to smoke9. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. It s worth _ a second time.A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. being read 10. “ “What has made you so upset? “ “_ my new bike.A. Lost B. Because of losing C. Since I lost D. Losing 11. I still remember

26、_ to when I was six.A. to take B. taking C. having taking D. having been taken 12. Some foreigner used to _ on the left in their own countries, but now they have got used to _ on the right in our country.A. driving, drive B. drive, drive C. drive, driving D. driving, driving13. He remained _ there,

27、for he grew _ in many things there.A. staying, interesting B. staying, interested C. to stay, interest D. stayed, interested14. It is important for parents and young people to learn how to get through to each other and develop skill in understanding and _.A. being understood B. to be understood C. u

28、nderstand D. understood15. _ more trees is good for health and it is also important to stop waste from factories _ our surroundings. A. To plant, pollute B. Planting, to pollute C. Plant, polluting D. Planting, polluting 16. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your

29、 calling D. you re calling 17. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking18. “ “The light in the office is still on. “ “Oh, I forgot _ .A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off19. “ “I must apologize for _ ahead of

30、time. “ “That s all right.A. letting you not know B. not letting you knowC. letting you know not D. letting not you know20. It happened _ when I left the station, so I had to wait until the rain stopped.A. to be raining B. to have rained C. to rain D. raining 21. _ more attention, the trees could ha

31、ve grown better. A . Given B . To give C . Giving D . Having given22. Climbing mountains was _, so we all felt _. A. tiring ; tired B. tired ; tiring C. tiring ; tiring D. tired ; tired23. The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house , _ by his naughty boy . A. following ; following B. followed ; followed C. following ; followed D. followed ; following24. _ these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, looks more magnificent. A. Seeing ; seen B. Seen ; seeing C. Seeing ; seeing D. Seen ; seen25. Mrs White was g