最新中考初中英语被动语态专题复习学案

1、中考初中英语 被动语态 专题复习学案1 .定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。如果主语是动词的执行者，则使用主动 语态，如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用 被动 语态.2 .英语中有两种语态：主动语态与被动语态3 .主动语态变被动语态：主动：The boy broke the window yesterday.动作执行者动词主动形式动作承受者被动：The window was broken by the boy.动作承受者动词被动形式动作执行者练习：划出动作的执行者与承受者.主动：Bell invented the telephone in 1876.被动:The pho

2、ne was invented by Bell in 1876.4 .结构：be(am/is/are/was/were) + V 及过分eg:1.English is spoken by many people.2.A book is written by him.注：不及物动词 和系动词没有被动语态.5 .各种时态被动语态结构：(1) 一般现在时被动语态：am/is /are+V 及过分eg:The classroom is cleaned every day.(2) 一般过去时被动语态：was/were+V及过分eg:The bike was bought yesterday. 含有情态动

3、词的被动语态：情态动词(can/may /must/should/need)+be+ V 及过分2.Treeseg:1.It can be done in one hour.must be planted every year.(4) 一般将来时被动:will/ shall be+V及过分eg:The meetingwill be held tomorrow.(5)现在进行时被动:am/is/are+being+V及过分 eg:An English talkis being given by MrWang.(6)现在完成时被动:have/has+been+V及过分 eg:Many buildi

4、ngshave been built in ourcity.(7)过去完成时被动:had been+V 及过分eg:Lots of treeshad been plantedin the past few years.6 .被动语态的基本用法:1 .强调或突出动作的执行者时用by+执行者.eg:Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.2 .没必要或无法说出动作的执行者.eg:1.Cars are made in Shanghai.2.Sweaters are used for keeping warm注：1.

5、汉语中的“被，受，由”等词在翻译英语时常用被动语态2.含有hear/make/see的句子变为被动时，需要加 to.eg:1.I often hear her sing in the next room.She often singin the next room.2 .The boss made his brother work 18hours a day.His brother work 18 hours a day.3 .用于词组的被动语态，常用于表示"据说"或"相信"，eg： It is said that.(据说)It is reported

6、that (据报道 )It is well-known that (众所周知)4 .有些动词用主动表被动：write/sell/ clean/wash/want(need)+ doing/want(need)+ to be done/be worth doingeg: (1)这种食物尝起来好卖的也好.This food tastes and well.(2)这支笔写的很糟/流畅.This pen badly/smoothly.即学即练：一.用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空.1 .English widely(use)in the world.2 .She(fall) ill last nig

7、ht ,and she(take) to the hospital at once.3.The Great Wall(know)all over the world.4.Three children(take) goodcare of by the nurse.5.Some new houses(build)by the villagers themselves.6 .What language(speak)in Japan ?7 .The black bike(buy)in that shop three days ago.8 .The big tree(blow)down in the s

8、torm last night.9 .Computer science(teach) nowalmost in all universities.10 .The first railway in the world(design) in the last century.11 .The window(not break)by the boy just now.12 .Visitors (ask) notto touch the exhibits( 展览品).13 .A beautiful horse(draw) by John yesterday.14 .The pictures(take)

9、byJack tomorrow.15 .School football game(hold) last Friday evening.16 .A number of the trees(plant) around Dalian every year.17 .This book(write) for Chinese children at that time.18 .He(invite) to the party by his friends last Monday.19 .The sports meeting(hold) next Friday.二.单项选择.1 .a new library

10、in our school last year?A.Is; builtB.Was; builtC.Does; build D.Were,built2 .An accident on this road last week.A.was happenedB.is happenedC.happenedD.was happening3 .Cotton in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grownC.grows D.grow4 .A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.A.is gi

11、venB.has been givenC.will be given D. will given5 .Your shoes. You need a new pair.A.wear outB.worn outC.are worn out D. wears out6 .It is reported that more teachingbuildings in our school next term.A.will be builtB.will buildC.was builtD.built7 .Mary show me her new dictionary just now.A.has asked

12、 to B.was asked toC.is askedD.asked8 .The monkey was seen off the tree.A.jump B.jumpedC.to jump D.jumping9 .He some pieces of advice, but he to them.A.gave, didn ' t listenB.was given, wasn ' t listenedC.was given, didn ' t listenD.gives, doesn ' t listen10 .A strange thing in our sc

13、hoolyesterday.A.was happenedB.has been happenedC.happenedD.happens11 .Jim wasn ' t at school because he to stay at home.A.is toldB.toldC.was toldD.will be told12 .The teacher told his students that they to be useful men to the country.A.were all expectedB.were all expectingC.all were expectedD.e

14、xpected13.that Susan can ' t go to theparty because she.A.It'ssaid , didn't inviteB.It'ssaid , wasn't invitedC.I was told , wasn't invitedD.It'ssaid, doesn't invite(3) According to the passage, the scholar must be11A. a stupid manB. a lazy、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷manC. a wise man

15、D. a funnyman1 .阅读理解A wealthy man asked an old scholar to tell his son away from his bad habits. The scholar took the young man for a walk through a garden. Stopping suddenly, he told the boy to pull out a tiny plant growing there.(4) This passage mainly talks about.A. we need exercise more to pull

16、trees outB. how to get away from bad habitsC. talking with a scholar is very importantD. the earlier getting away from bad habits, the better 【答案】(1) C(3) C(4) D【分析】短文大意：一个富人请求一位智The young man made it easily. The old man then(2) Aasked him to pull out a little bigger plant. The young man pulled hard

17、 and the plant came out with its roots.Now pull out that one, “ said the old man, pointing to【解析】said the old man.a little tree. The boy had to use all his strength to pull it out.“Now take this one out, “said the old man, pointing at a big orange tree. The young man held the trunk (树干)and tried to

18、pull it out. But it would not move. " It'smpossible said the boy, panting (喘息) with the effort.So it is with bad habits, they are young, it is easy to pull them out. But whenthey go deeply, they cannot be uprooted.”The conversation with the old man changed the boy's life.(1) The scholar

19、 asked the young man to take a walk with him in the.A. forestB. parkC.gardenD. school The scholar asked the young man to pull out plants for times.A. fourB. twoC. threeD. five者去除儿子的坏习惯。智者把这个孩子带到了公园，要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物，由易到难，去除坏习惯也是如此，当它们还不明显的时候，去 除它们很容易，但是当它们深深扎根的时候，就难 以去除了。智者的这堂特殊的课改掉了孩子的坏习 惯，改变了男孩的一生。(

20、1)C细节理解题。根据短文第一段中的句子“The“ Whenscholar took the young man for a walk through agarden.可知，智者让青年人在花园里与他一起散步，故答案为Co(2) A细节理解题。根据短文中出现的句子to pullout a tiny plant , to pull out a little bigger plant.Now pull out that one, said the old man, pointing to a _little tree ." Now take this one out, " sai

21、d the old man,pointing at a big orange tree. 可知，智者要求这个年 轻人先后四次拔出植物。故答案为Ao(3) C推理判断题。智者要求这个年轻人先后四次 拔出植物，由易到难，去除坏习惯也是如此，当它 们还不明显的时候，去除它们很容易，但是当它们A.呼吸日B.呻吟般的声C息D声深深扎根的时候，就难以去除了。智者的这堂特殊 的课改掉了孩子的坏习惯，改变了男孩的一生，足 以说明智者的聪明之处，故答案选C。(4) D主旨大意题。根据短文倒数第二段智者的话： “Sdt is with bad habits, said the old man. "Whe

22、n they are young, it is easy to pull them out. But when they go deeply, they cannot be uprooted. 可知，坏习 惯要及早的去除，越早远离坏习惯，越好。故答案 为Do【点评】主旨大意题（主题、标题）在阅读理解中 经常会出现。第四小题适合用捕捉主旨大意来解 题。所谓主旨大意，也就是文章的中心思想，主题 思想，中心观点，它常常针对文章的主题，作者的 写作意图，文章段落的中心思想进行提问，这类题 也叫归纳概括题。文中智者用拔植物的难易来类比 坏习惯的去除也是如此。当它们还不明显的时候， 去除它们很容易，但是当

23、它们深深扎根的时候，就 难以去除了。也就是说越早远离坏习惯越好。答案 为Do2 .阅读理解It was a full moon night. A thief was getting ready to steal something from a villager's house. He got to the house, and then went inside quietly. By the moonlight outside, he entered a dark room.He could not even see his own hands or feet. But on the

24、 wall near the roof, there was a ventilator （通风设备）.The moon created a circle of light on it. The thief brought a cloth with him in order to get together all the things he hoped to steal. He spread it out on the floor and went inside the storeroom, where all the things were kept.He didn't know th

25、at the owner of the house was awake and watching. As soon as the thief went inside the storeroom, he got up quickly from his bed, and picked up the cloth which the thief had spread out. He came back to his bed, which was in one dark corner of the room, and waited for the thief to come out.At the sam

26、e time, the thief went on collecting the things he wanted and threw them on the floor where he knew he had spread out the cloth. Soon there was a little mountain in the center of the room. Then the thief looked around for the end of the cloth to tie up the stolen things. At that time, the house owne

27、r let out a big groan-a deep groan. The thief was so scared that he hurried to run away. The thief not only failed to steal. But also lost his cloth.(1) )From the passage we can learn that the thief was to steal something from a villager's house .A. in the afternoonB. in themorningC. at nightD.

28、at noon(2) The underlined word “groan" means .(3) What of the following statements is not true according to the passage?A. The thief spread the cloth out on the floor and went inside.B. The thief was so scared after the house owner let out a big groan.C. The owner of the house asleep .D. The th

29、ief not only failed to steal, but also lost his cloth.【答案】(1) CB(3) C【解析】【分析】文章讲述了一个小偷半夜溜进一 家房子，准备偷东西后来主人醒了，小偷被吓跑， 什么也没偷到的故事。(1)细节推理题。根据 It was a full moon night. A thief was getting ready to steal something from a villager's house.可知小'偷是晚上才进去偷东西的， 故选c(2)细节推理题。根据 "Atthat time, the house

30、 owner let out a big groan-a deep groan. The thief was so scared that he hurried to run away. 可知小偷 是听得到了一声呻吟，才吓跑了，故选 b(3)细节推理推题。通读全文可知，主任没有睡 着，后来发现了小偷，才吓跑小偷。故选 c【点评】这种故事阅读类的文章，重点在于读懂故 事讲得大概内容，找到题干和选项对应的重点句 子，比较分析，逐一排除3 .根据短文内容，判断正误。I was 15 months old, a happy and carefree kid, until the day I fell.

31、 It was a bad fall. I landed on a piece of glass that cut my eye badly. From then on, my injured, sightless, cloudy gray eye lived on with me.Sometimes people asked me embarrassing (使人 难堪的)questions. Whenever kids played games, I was the "monster". I was always imagining that everyone look

32、ed down on(瞧不起)me. Yet mum would say to me, "Hold your head up high and face the world." I began to depend on that saying. As a child, I thought mum meant, "Be careful , or you will fall down or bump into something because you are not looking. "As a teenager, I usually looked dow

33、n to hide my shame. But I found that when I held my head up high, people liked me.In high school, I even became the class president, but inside I still felt like a monster. All I really wanted was to look like everyone else. When things got really bad, I would cry to my mum and she would look at me

34、with loving eyes and say," Hold your head up high and face the world. Let them see the beauty that is inside instead of your appearance(夕卜貌)."My mum's love was the sunshine that made me bright. I had faced hard times, and learned not only to be confident(自信的)but also to have deep “comp

35、assion(同情)for others. "Hold your head up high "has been heard many times in my home. I say it to my children. The gift my mum gave me will live on.(1) The writer imagined that everyone looked down on her because of her appearance.(2) People always asked her embarrassing questions.(3) The w

36、riter's mum said "Hold your head up high" to her to make her more confident.(4) The writer understood the saying very well as a child.(5) The writer is living with a warm and brave heart now.【答案】(1)1(6) 0(7) 1(8) 0(9) 1【解析】【分析】本文讲了作者小时候因眼睛受伤 导致外貌变丑而心情低落，在妈妈的帮助之下改变 自己并变得自信的故事。(1)细节理解题。根

37、据第二段Whenever kids played games, I was the "monster". I was always imagining that everyone looked down on me , 可知作 者总是想象每个人会因为她的外貌而瞧不起她，故 答案为正确。(2)细节理解题。根据第二段Sometimes peopleasked me embarrassing questions, 可知有时候人们 会问使人难堪的的问题，而always意为总是，故答案为错误。(3)细节理解题。根据最后一段 My mum's love was the suns

38、hine that made me bright. I had faced hard times, and learned not only to be confident but also to have deep compassion for others ,妈妈的爱是 照亮我的阳光，我面对困难，不仅学会了自信而且 学会了深切的同情别人，可知妈妈让作者抬头是为 了让她更自信，故答案为正确。(4)细节理解题。根据第二段 As a child, I thought mum meant, "Be careful, or you will fall down or bump into s

39、omething because you are not looking." 小时候，我认为妈妈的意思是：要小心，否则你会 摔倒或者碰到什么东西因为你没有在看路，可知作 者小时候不理解这句谚语，故答案为错误。(5)细节理解题。根据最后一段"Hold your head up high "has been heard many times in my home.I say it to my children. The gift my mum gave me will live on , 抬起你的头”这句话在我家听到过很多次，我也跟 我的孩子们说，我妈妈给我的礼物将会

40、永存，可知 作者现在带着一颗温暖并勇敢的心生活，故答案为 正确。【点评】考查阅读理解，注意理解文章大意，根据 题目去文章找到对应的信息，进行理解判断。4 .阅读材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Every year, more than 26,000 children arrive inBritain. We ask some new arrivals what they like best about their new lives and what's different from home.Jarek, PolandDaisy & Luck,the USA

41、LiI don't know anybody from Poland here, but I'm luckybecause theEnglish boy next door is very friendly and kind. We are in the same class! I like teachers here. At home, the teachers seem a bit strict and serious. There are a lot of rules, too. Here, teachers are patient and don't give

42、much homework. We students go out of school and buy pizza or burgers at lunchtime. We can't do that in Poland.My sister and I like living here. It's cool! My sister loves the British accent （口音）.Everybody here is very polite. But we don't understand all your strange words-we say "ya

43、rd" not garden, and "apartment"not flat.The food is better here. There's Chinese, Indian and Thai. At home we eat too much fast food.Zinah, IndiaIt's too cold here! I hate doing sports, especially outside in winter. The teacher here is very serious about sports. I prefer scien

44、ce and maths. I love themaths class because the teacher is really funny, ustlike my mathsteacher in India. The school is so big and some studentsseemunfriendly. I'm from a small village school. I think it's hard to communicatewiththem.maths teacher in India.理解可知，Zinah认为他的数 学老师比较滑稽，幽默，故选Do(3)

45、理解归纳题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要 介绍了四个到英国学习的学生自己的学习体会，应 该与教育有关，故选 B。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题 等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找 答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主 题句。5.阅读理解(1 ) Among the above four children, probably likes the new school life best.A. LuckB. ZinahWant to enjoy some extreme sports(极限运动)？Here are a small number of the extre

46、me sport clubs across universities in the UK.Octopush(水中曲棍 球)Oxford,YorkAberdeen and Warwick are only some of the universities that offer thisratherunusual sport. Anyone who is able to swim can play. It is played by two teams of six players. Everyone wears a mask and carries a small wooden stick.C.

47、JarckD. Daisy(2) In Zinah's eyes, her maths teacher in India might be.A. coldB. strictC. patientD. humorous3 3) The passage is probably taken from.A. a travel magazineB. an education websiteC. a geography textbookD. a business newspaper【答案】(1) CD(3) B【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍了Jarek, Daisy,Lucy和Zinah来到英国以后

48、自己的学习生活体验。(1)细节理解题。根据文中第一个方框中的语句Ilike teachers here.可知，Jarek喜欢这里的学校生活， 故选C。(2)细节理解题。根据文中的语句I love the mathsclass because the teacher is really funny, just like mySkiingandsnowboarding Nearlyeveryuniversity in the UK has a skiing andsnowboarding club. Forexample,BASE jumping The University of Lincoln offers BAS jumping. In BAS jumping, players jump from fixed objects and use a parachute(降落伞)to break their fall. They go on weekly trips to Skydive Hibaldstow.Brumski 8. Board Clu