2020高考英语二轮复习专题限时检测(十九)阅读理解B篇专练(二)

1、专题限时检测（十九）阅读理解B篇专练（二）（ 共 4 篇，限时28 分钟 ）A（2019 南通七市二模 ）We all have defining moments in our lives- meaningfulexperiences that stand out in our memory.Many of them owe a great deal to chance: a lucky encounter （ 相遇 ） with someone who becomes the love of your life.A new teacher who spots a talent you did

2、n't know you had.These moments seem to be the product of fate or luck.We can't control them.But is that true? Not necessarily.Defining momentsshape our lives, but we don't have to wait for them to happen.We can be the authors of them.It is possible to create defining moments if we unders

3、tand more about them.Our research shows that they all share a set of common elements.We start by asking: why do we remember certain experiences and forget others? In the case of big days, such a weddings, the answer is pretty clear it'sa celebration that is grand in scale and rich in emotion.Nos

4、urprise that it's more memorable than a maths lesson.But for other experiences in life from holidays to work projects it's not so clear why we remember whatwe do.Consider an experiment in which participants were asked to submerge（ 浸入 ） their hands for 60 seconds in buckets filled with 14 wat

5、er.（Remember 14 water feelsmuch colder than 14 air.） They were then asked to submerge theirhands for 90seconds instead of 60, but during the final 30 seconds, the water warmed up to 15.The participants were then given a choice: would you rather repeat the first trial or the second?Psychologists have

6、 explained the reasons for this puzzling result.When people assess an experience, they tend to forget or ignore its length.Instead they seem to rate the experience based on two key moments: the best or worst moment, known as the peak, and the ending.In the participants' memories, what stood out

7、for them was that the longer trial ended more comfortably than the shorter one.So when we assess our experiences, we don't average our minute-by-minute feelings.Rather, we tend to remember flagship moments: the peaks, the pits（ 低谷 ） and the transitions.What we don't remember are the bits in

8、between sometimes there is little to distinguish one week from the next.Partly this is because there may be only a dozen moments in your life that show who you are those are big defining moments.But there are smaller experiences, too, in the context of a memorable holiday, romantic date or work achi

9、evement.Once we understand how we remember certain moments and why, we can start to create more moments that matter.语篇解读：本文主要阐述了人生的关键时刻最容易被记住,对一个人的影响也是最大的。这些关键的时刻不是被动地等，而是可以积极地去创造的。1. How does the author understand defining moments?A. We can create defining moments in our lives.B. Defining moments a

10、re just out of our control.C. No similarities exist between defining moments.D. Defining moments consist of smaller experiences.解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第四句和第五句" We can be the authors of them.It is possible to create defining momentsif we understand more about them.”可知，作者认为决定性的时刻不必等待，我们自己可以书写这样的

11、时刻。2. We can learn from the experiment that.A. the striking moments are more likely to be rememberedB. the length of an experience determines our memory of itC. it is meaningful to distinguish the bits in between flagship momentsD. all the components of an experience should be equally remembered解析：选

12、 A 细节理解题。根据第五段第三句"Rather,we tend to r ememberflagshipmoments: the peaks, the pits（彳氐谷）and the transitions. "可知，我们倾向于记住最重要的时刻：人生巅峰、低谷和转折点。the strikingmoments相当于flagshipmomenta都是指人生最重要的时刻。3. What would probably be discussed in the following part of the text?A. What to prepare for life's

13、trials.B. Why to create defining moments.C. Whom to owe our good fates to.D. How to create life's big moments.解析：选D推理判断题。原文的最后一段说了当我们知道了如何记住那些确定的时刻， 我们就可以去创造更多重要的时刻，依据逻辑，这是在说是什么和为什么，所以接下来就应该要说怎么做了。B（2019 -南京三模）Like a lot of health care professionals, Dr.Brian Goldman finds it extremely difficult

14、 to draw boundaries between his work and personallives."There's this view that you should suck it up and do one more thing , “ saysthe ER physician and host of CBC's White Coat, Black Art.But that"one more thing ”often comes at Goldman's expense.“You're exhausted and a pati

15、ent or their family look at you with begging eyes,” he says. "So you have this dilemma: say that your shift is over or give until you're totally spent ? ” Goldman's work stress combined with family tension after hismother was diagnosed with dementia 20 years ago.Caring for her over a de

16、cade was difficult, as was dealing with his father's grief."When someone else is drowningyou, you have to grab a life preserver and save yourself, “ says Goldman.Setting boundaries isn't just important for busy professionals; everyone can benefit from managing situations that cause undu

17、e stress or pain.Here are some tips.First, “If someone's behavior makes you unhappy and it could be anything from the way they speak to you to repeatedly failing to stick to their promise一then there's room to set limits , “ says Patrick Keelan, a Calgary psychologist.We often avoid setting l

18、imits because we prioritize the happiness and comfort of others over ours.In order to controlthis impulse,Goldmansuggests framing thedevelopment of boundaries as a form of self-kindness.When facing an overwhelming situation like the one he was in with his father, Goldman suggests reflecting on what

19、is making you feel uncomfortable, unhappy or unappreciated. "You can't relate to others or be kind to others if you aren't kind to yourself, “ he says.Second, once you've become aware of your needs, setting and maintaining boundaries requires clear verbal communication.There are thr

20、ee obstacles to enforcin g boundaries in a relationship:fear, guilt and self-doubt, sayspsychologist Nicole McCance.We often fear that if we set limits, the other person will reject us, or we feel bad claiming our needs.Keelan proposes setting ground rules before relationships become tense.Start by

21、cooperatively listing values一like mutual respect, support, and loyalty - and then building the guidelines from these values.If you're strugglingto reach a consensus , Keelan recommends engaginga third party, such as a therapist, to help.Now, if you want a boundary to stick to, you can't enab

22、le someone in breaking it.As such, it's crucial to establish consequences for transgressions（ 越 轨）.Otherwise, McCance says,"you're giving them permission to violate thatboundary. " If they won't respect your boundaries, you have to do some soul-searchingabout the value of the r

23、elationship.“When you feel bad more than you feel good in this person's presence, and when the relationship is impacting your self-worth andhappiness, it's time to reassess , “ says McCance.Saying no is hard, but she suggests framing it as saying yes to healthier relationships. "We'

24、re all better mothers and partners and brothers when we have boundaries. ”语篇解读：本文主要是讨论了设定必要的界限的重要性,并且就如何设定界限提出了几点建议。4. What do we know about Goldman?A. He is in need of support in his work.B. He is caught between his work and life.C. He slides into the state of desperation.D. He always puts his fami

25、ly at the first place.解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 "Like a lot of health care professionals, Dr.Brian Goldman finds it extremely difficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal lives.”可知，像许多医疗保健专业人士一样，布莱恩戈 德曼博士发现很难在工作和个人生活之间划清界限。即：他被困在工作和生活之间。5. What do the underlined words“this impulse &quo

26、t; refer to?A. Prioritizing others' happiness.B. Avoiding setting limits.C. Failing to stick to their promise.D. Framing the development of boundaries.解析：选 A 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的前一句提到"we prioritize thehappiness and comfort of others over ours ” 可知答案选A。6. What's the best title of the passage?

27、A. Do communicateB. Do not crossC. Identify your limitsD. Say no and mean it解析：选B标题归纳题。文章一开始谈到医疗保健专业人士布莱恩戈德曼博士发现 很难在工作和个人生活之间划清界限。然后第二段举例说明这样做的危害。第一段和第二段都可以看成导入主题之前的铺垫。随后的第三段提出文章的主题，即：“Settingboundariesisn't just important for busy professionals; everyone can benefit from managingsituation s tha

28、t cause undue stress or pain.”设定界限不仅对忙碌的专业人员很重要；每个人都可以从管理造成过度压力或痛苦的情况中获益。接下来几段的内容就如何设定界限提出了几点建议。所以“ Do not cross”能够概括整篇文章的内容，提醒人们要注意设定必要的界限，永远都不要超越这个界限。C（2019 盐城三模）There is a 1930s-old restaurant in my hometown that has donelittle to update itself over the past 80 years.This is part of its charm, as

29、 is the wooden phone booth that sits neglected in the age of the cellphone.Ah, the phone booth.We need it now more than ever.For me it symbolizes that phone calls were once private affairs, even if the information being shared was not sensitive in any way.It was simply assumed that a phone conversat

30、ion was meant for two people, and two people only.In public places this meant turning to the phone booth a private chamber where one could converse in peace without being overheard.Even at home, phone calls used to be regarded as private.Growing up in the 1960s, we had one phone in the house fixed t

31、o the kitchen wall.As a kid, I didn't get or make many calls.I do, however, remember answering the phone, asking for the identity of the caller, and then handing the phone to my mom.She'd take it, say “ Hello, Mrs.Flaubert ，” and then, “ one moment please ，” as she placed her hand over the r

32、eceiver, turned to me, and directed, “ This is for me.Why don't you go outside and play ？”Flash-forward to what cellphones have done to this idyll.Within the space of very few years, private conversations have become public declaration, and being overheard seems to be the point.A large part of t

33、he problem, of course, is that we now carry our phones with us, and the reflex （反射 ） to answer the device as soonas it rings is a response Pavlov would have appreciated.But the information is revealed! Not long ago I was sitting in Boston's South Station, waiting for my train.After purchasing a

34、sandwich, I sat down at a table near a man who was on his cellphone.Let me paraphrase what the man had to say:“ Yes, that's right.The redandyellow roses.That will be a Visa. ” Then he proceeded to recite his card number and expiration date before signing off.I stared unbelievably at the fellow.H

35、e glanced at me and asked,“ What？”My response was immediate: I recited his card number back to him, along with the expiration date.There is no more privacy, no longer a sense of personal borders or limits and the cellphone has become a loudspeaker.To return to phone booths: Whydid they disappear? An

36、d should you think a phone booth has no value today, I saw one on eBay going for$ 4,750.语篇解读：本文主要阐述了电话亭这个过时的设备在当今社会仍然有它的好处,至少它能给能为使用电话的人提供一个私密的空间，确保他们谈话的内容不被窃听。随着手机的普及，人们随时随地都可以使用手机进行交流，但是有时候他们却忽视了保护自己的隐私。7. Why do private conversations turn into public declaration according to the passage?A. Phone

37、booths have died out in modern life.B. People lack a sense of personal borders or limits.C. The content of phone calls is not that sensitive.D. It is convenient for people to reach for cellphones.解析：选D推理判断题。根据文章第六段的内容可知，在短短几年的时间里，私人对 话已经成为公开声明。其主要原因是我们现在随身携带手机，一旦手机响了，第一反应就是去接，不注意隐私。8. By describing

38、what happened in Boston's South Station, the author indicates that.A. it's ridiculous to answer cellphones in public placesB. it's impolite to overhear others answering cellphonesC. it's necessary to keep a safe distance from others when answering phonesD . it's inappropriate to

39、touch on personal information in cellphone conversations解析：选C推理判断题。在波士顿南站作者听到一个人在电话里面把他的信用卡号和 有效期大声说出来了，作者听得清清楚楚，甚至可以一点不差地背出来。这个故事说明接听电话的时候要注意保护自己的隐私，与他人要保持一定的距离，防止说话的内容被窃听。9. What can we conclude from the passage?A. Pavlov is in favor of answering cellphones instantly.B. Something seemingly ol d-fa

40、shioned holds its charm today'.C. Phone booths are very popular with consumers on the Internet.D. People used to lack a sense of trust and security in the 1960s.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一至三段的内容，特别是第三段最后一句"In public places this meant turning to the phone booth- a private chamber where onecould converse

41、 in peace without being overheard. ”可知电话亭虽然过时了，但是它却 能为使用电话的人提供一个私密的空间，确保他们谈话的内容不被窃听，所以电话亭在当代 社会也还是有它的价值所在的。所以说如今似乎有些过时的东西还是很有魅力的。（2019 苏、锡、常、镇三模 ）One of the deepest teachings of Confucius may have valued personal exemplification above clearly expressed rules of behavior.His moral teachings emphasize

42、d self-cultivation（ 培养）, imitationof moral exemplars, and theattainment of skilled judgment rather than knowledge of rules.His teachings rarely rely on reasoned argument, and moral ideals and methods are conveyed indirectly.His teachings require examination and context to be understood.A good exampl

43、e is found in this famous anecdote ：厩焚。子退朝，曰：“伤人乎？”不问马。Whenthe stables were burnt down, on returning from court Confucius said, “ Was anyone hurt ？” He did not ask about the horses .X 11（tr.Waley）, 10 13 （tr.Legge）, or X 17 （tr.Lau）By not asking about the horses, Confucius demonstrates that the sage

44、 （圣人 ）values human beings over property, but not directly; readers areled to reflect onwhether their response would follow Confucius's and to pursue self-improvement if it would not have.Confucius, as an exemplar of human excellence, serves not as an all-powerful deity （ 神人 ） or a universally tr

45、ue set of abstract principles, but rather the best model for others.For these reasons, according to many commentators ， Confucius's teachings may be considered a Chinese example of humanism.One of his teachings was a variant （ 变体 ） of the Golden Rule, sometimes called the “ Silver Rule ” owing t

46、o it s negative form ：己所不欲，勿施于人。“ What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others . ”子贡问曰： “有一言而可以终身行之者乎？”子曰： “其恕乎！ 己所不欲、勿施于人。”Zi Gong a disciple asked: “ Is there any one word that could guide a person throughout life ？”The Master replied: “ Howabout reciprocity ！ Never impose on others what

47、 you would not choose for yourself . ”Analects XV.24, tr.David HintonOften overlooked in Confucian morals are the virtues to the self: sincerity and the cultivation of knowledge.Virtuous action towards others begins with virtuous and sincere thought, which begins with knowledge.A virtuous nature wit

48、hout knowledge is likely to be influencedby corruption,and virtuous action without sincerity isnot true righteousness （ 正义） Cultivatingknowledge and sincerity is also important for one's own sake; the superior person loves learning for the sake of learning and righteousness for the sake of righteousness.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了孔子的一个教学理念：用榜样来感化学生。孔子注重自身美德的培养。他认