Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism心理分析文学批评PPT学习教案

1、会计学1Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism心理心理分析文学批评分析文学批评Brief introduction to Psychoanalytic Literary CriticismExamples of Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism12第1页/共14页What is “Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism?Psychoanalytic literary criticism refers to literary criticism which, in method, concept, theo

2、ry, or form, is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis（心理分析）begun by Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalytic reading has been practiced since the early development of psychoanalysis itself, and has developed into a rich and heterogeneous interpretive tradition.第2页/共14页It is a literary approach where cr

3、itics see the text as if it were a kind of dream. This means that the text represses its real (or latent（潜在的）) content behind obvious (manifest) content. The process of changing from latent to manifest content is known as the dream work, and involves operations of concentration and displacement. The

4、 critic analyzes the language and symbolism of a text to reverse the process of the dream work and arrive at the underlying latent thoughts.第3页/共14页Introduction to Sigmund Freud:Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856 23 September 1939), was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school

5、of psychiatry. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression, and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient, technically referred to as an analysand, and a psychoanalyst.

6、 Freud redefined sexual desire as the primary motivational energy of human life, developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association, created the theory of transference in the therapeutic relationship, and interpreted dreams as sources of insight into unconscious desires. He was an

7、early neurological researcher into cerebral palsy, and a prolific essayist, drawing on psychoanalysis to contribute to the history, interpretation and critique of culture.第4页/共14页Some works of Freud:著有:梦的释义（ The Interpretation of Dreams ）、 性学三论 、 图腾与禁忌、日常生活的心理病理学、精神分析引论、精神分析引论新编等。第5页/共14页在文学艺术的性质上，弗

8、洛伊德认为，艺术是艺术家的白日梦。在文学艺术创作论上，弗洛伊德主张创作活动是无意识的或自由联想的心理活动。在文学批评的方法上，批评家应抓住“俄狄普斯情结”等力必多情结来分析作品主体，用艺术家性本能升华作用来评价人物塑造。Theories included in Psychoanalysis123第6页/共14页Attention:单单通过弗洛伊德的透镜来观看一部杰作的文学批评家，往往会有透过有色镜片看艺术，差之毫厘，谬以千里的危险。然而，把精神分析理论看作痴人的疯狂而予以拒斥的读者，却等于是让自己白白丢掉了一件不但有助于理解文学，而且有助于理解人性以及读者自身的宝贵工具。第7页/共14页弗洛伊

9、德解读法：文学作品里存存着普遍的象征意义象征主义大师、美国作家欧内斯特-海明威 A Farewell To Armsarms1武器 揭露战争的残酷、主人公的厌战情绪2拥抱、搂抱 另一方面描写爱不断遭遇的挫折经历。 第8页/共14页弗洛伊德对俄狄浦斯王和哈姆雷特的分析诺曼霍兰对哈姆雷特的分析对二者的分析产生了精神分析法（最杰出的贡献）1精神分析治疗的临床病例2儿童的潜意识有“恋父情结”，即使在其成长过程中，这种情形也依然存在，3哈姆莱特之所以迟迟下不了复仇计划，是因为他无法解开自童年时代就郁结的那个情结，其次是为他不能释放自己潜意识里聚积起来的欲望能量。Examples of Psychoana

10、lytic Literary Criticism:厄内斯特琼斯对哈姆雷特的分析正是凶手克劳迪休斯使哈姆莱特痛下决心报了弑父之仇，解除了童年时代的郁闷情结。为此，琼斯还列举了许多事实，力图证明哈姆莱特在实施报复计划的关键时刻犹豫不决、亢满矛盾与迟疑的心理状态。虽然哈姆莱特最终报仇雪恨，但他还是一个悲剧性人物。 第9页/共14页爱情死亡暂无主张操纵“本我”的能量来自推动满足人类欲望的“本能”。而且，他进一步指出，死亡与爱情是人的本能的两种基本形式诗人艾略特的长篇诗作荒原本我第10页/共14页弗洛伊德精神分析法对研究作家传记产生了深刻的影响杰克伦敦传记1只是擅长干写作动物题材,受冷落了2小说里蕴藏着恋父情结3重新确立了他在美国文学史上应有的地位第11页/共14页总而言之，当我们从全方位考察精神分析批评时，就会得出以下的结论：弗洛伊德理论因其独树一帜的研究视角，对西方文艺批评确实起到了不可估量的影响，