JonathanSwiftPPT学习教案

1、会计学1JonathanSwiftLife storyBorn in Dublin, Ireland, as a posthumous child (遗腹子) aid from relatives grudgingly (unwillingly)at war with Authorities;“special favor”Temples house as a private secretaryhelp the talented young man in obscurityAfflicted with a brain disease and unable to marry第1页/共53页Angl

2、o-IrishFather: sought fortune in Ireland; Mother: EnglishFamily: strong literary connectionsEducation: Off and on by the Glorious Revolution in 1688Read profoundly; familiar with politicsStruggled between the Tories and the WhigsMade friends with PopeLoved with Esther Johnson - “Stella”Ambition unre

3、alized A national hero in Ireland 第2页/共53页The relationship between Swifts life experience, major works and satire第3页/共53页SatirenDefinition The literary art of derogating a subject by making it ridiculous and evoking toward it attitudes of amusement, contempt, scorn, or indignation. - A Glossary of L

4、iterary Terms 使某一主体显得荒谬可笑，引起读者对这一主体产生乐趣、鄙夷、蔑视或愤慨的态度，并以此来贬低这一主体。- 文学术语词典第4页/共53页SatirenIntention Satire uses laughter as a weapon, and against a butt that exists outside the work itself, including an individual, a type of person, a class, an institution, a nation or even the entire human race. - A Gl

5、ossary of Literary Terms 讽刺将笑作为武器，抨击存在于作品之外的某个对象，包括某个人，或某种人，某个阶级，某个机构，某个国家，甚至整个人类。- 文学术语词典第5页/共53页SatirenSatiric Ways formal satire: persona in the first person indirect satire: indirect form to the readernSatiric Purposes To blend a critical attitude with humor and wit, in order that human institut

6、ions or humanity may be improved. To create a shock of recognition and to make vice repulsive to the person or society. 第6页/共53页SatirenSatire criticize: a) What: human or individual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings. b) How: ridicule 嘲弄; caricature 讽刺; parody 戏仿; Irony 反讽 c) Why: to inspire so

7、cial reform and improve human nature. 第7页/共53页Causes of Satire in Life Experience Poor GrowthFeeling of UnfairnessSense of Conceit 自负自负Love of Fair Liberty第8页/共53页Representation of Satire in Works A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事The Battle of Books书籍之战A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议 Epitaph 墓志铭第9页/共53页A Tale of a Tubp

8、A father (Christ) Coats (Christian doctrines) Peter: Roman Catholics Martin: Anglicans Jack: PuritansuA satire upon all religious sects.第10页/共53页The Battle of the BooksuThe Bee & the SpideruTo collect honey & to spin web uThe ancient writers & the modern writersHomer, Aristotle, Plato; M

9、ilton, BaconuIt is a satire on pedantry in the literary world.第11页/共53页A Modest Proposal (extracts) Full title: A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public第12页/共53页 I have been assured by a

10、 very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout. 我在伦敦认识一个见识很广的美国人，他向我保证说

11、：一个奶水充足的健康儿童养到一岁，其肉是最鲜美，最滋补、最健康的食品，炖、烤，焙、煮都好，无疑也可油煎作为肉丁或加蔬菜做汤。第13页/共53页I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one-fourth part to be males; which is more than we

12、allow to sheep, black cattle or swine; and my reason is, that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage, a circumstance not much regarded by our savages, therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females. That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in the sale

13、 to the persons of quality and fortune through the kingdom; always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump and fat for a good table. A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends; and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind

14、quarter will make a reasonable dish, and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter.现谨建议如下，祈请公众垂鉴。已统计的十二万名儿童，两万可留下传种，其中四分之一可为男性，此数已超过牛羊猪豕之类留种的比例，理由是这类儿童大多非正式婚姻所生，粗鄙之流亦不介意此点，因此一男可配四女。余下的十万可在一岁时卖给国内有地位有钱者，事前切嘱母亲们在最后一月喂足儿童的奶水，使其肥嫩，以备筵席之用。友朋小集，

15、一儿可作两莱；家庭自享，则一臂一腿可各作一道好菜，若能调以少量胡椒和盐，则存放四天后煮吃仍佳，冬季尤然。第14页/共53页I have reckoned upon a medium that a child just born will weigh 12 pounds, and in a solar year, if tolerably nursed, increaseth to 28 pounds.我曾计算，初生儿每个平均重12磅，养育得当，一年后可重28磅。I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper

16、for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children.诚然，此类食品不免价昂，但也因此更合地主们享用。他们既已吞食了儿童的父母，当然也最有资格饱餐这些儿童。第15页/共53页But as to my self, having been wearied out for many years with offering vain, idle, visionary thoughts, and at length despair

17、ing of success, I fortunately fell upon this proposal, which as it is wholly new, so it hath something solid and real, of no expense and little trouble, full in our own power, and whereby we can incur no danger in disobliging England. For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, the flesh b

18、eing of too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it.至于我本人，在提了多年空洞、不切实际的意见，劳而无功之后，以为再无良策了，幸而想到这个建议，不但完全是新的，而且内容切实，化钱不多，费事不大，靠我们自力就可实行，因而不会冒得罪英格兰的风险。这类商品不宜出口，因肉质太嫩，不宜长期盐腌不过我也可以说出一个国家的名

19、字，它是可以不加盐就把我们整个民族吃掉的。第16页/共53页I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the public good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor, and giving s

20、ome pleasure to the rich. I have no children by which I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife past child-bearing.我恳切声明：本人提议此事，确因必要，绝无半点私图，动机只是为了国家公益，为了增加贸易，安置儿童，救济贫民，同时也给有钱人一点乐趣。本人并无子女能从中取得分文，盖最幼之儿已经九岁，老妻也早过生育之年了。第17页/共53页Swifts Satire in A Modest Proposal

21、pThe purpose is to attack indifference to the plight of the desperately poor. pA satire to the inhuman cruelties of landlords and the government.p Masked by an outward gravity, and concealed under an apparent calmness第18页/共53页lSwift has sailed into his rest.lSavage indignation there cannot lacerate

22、his breast.lImitate him if you dare, world-besotted traveller.lHe served human liberty. Swifts own Epitaph 墓志铭墓志铭 -Translated by Yeats第19页/共53页lI lived a busy and tiring life, a life of anger and indignation;lI made enemies through my satires, but I have no regrets, lBecause I satirized them all the

23、 spirit of freedom for human mankind.lThey could seek me out where in my resting place, and I defy them to do so. Paraphrase 第20页/共53页第21页/共53页第22页/共53页London.第23页/共53页 Gulliver makes voyages, which are described in the four parts of the book. Lilliput小人国Laputa飞岛Brobdingnag大人国Houyhnhnms 马国第24页/共53页

24、Of all the ships crew he alone survives. He swims to the shore of a strange land, inhabited by Lilliputians, the tallest of whom is six inches high.第25页/共53页第26页/共53页The king of lilliput第27页/共53页 Little by little he gets used to their life and even takes part in the war with the neighboring state of Blefuseu.第28页/共53页第29页/共53页第30页/共53页第31页/共53页tower.