物流专业英语.教学提纲

1、物流专业英语.School of ManagementTest yourself仓储区域仓储操作仓储工具存储模式技术收货区发货区货场立体仓库自动化仓库料棚月台道搬运装卸单元装卸包装托盘包装分拣集货存贮和拣取叉车输送机自动导引车箱式车托盘板台起重机集装箱/容器架子/箱子/抽屉转柱式堆高机货架托盘货架重型货架堆码货垛WMS条形码射频技术nGoods yardnStereoscopic warehousenGoods shednHanding/carryingnPalletizingnsortingnGoods collectionnStorage/RetrievalnFork (lift) tru

2、cknconveyornAutomatic guided vehiclenBox carnPallet JacksnContainer Shelves/Bins/Drawers)nSwingmastnGoods shelfnPallet RacknStackingnGoods stackSchool of ManagementLecture ThreenPart 1: What is Warehouse Management?nPart 2: what is Inventory Management?School of ManagementContents: Warehouse-Invento

3、rynThe definition and differencenThe goals (management levels)nThe professional words in warehousenWhat does we study in warehouse management?nExample: cross docking in warehousenThe professional words in InventorynWhat does we study in inventory management?nThe methods of Inventory managementSchool

4、 of ManagementThe Definitions and DifferencenWarehouse: the facility designed for temporary storage; nInventory: the materials/goods in the warehouse;nWarehouse management: the related shipping, sorting, picking and inbound, outbound processes are managed to realize the efficiency.nInventory managem

5、ent: all functions relate to the stock decisions, that is, monitor the quantity, location and status of inventory to realize the rapid inventory turnover.nSee the text.School of ManagementThe goals (management levels)locationInventory ManagementWarehouse schedulingSchool of ManagementProfessional Vo

6、cabularies and ExpressionsnStackingnGoods stacknHanding/carryingnLoading and unloadingnUnit loading and unloading nPackage/packaging nPalletizing 堆码货垛搬运装卸单元装卸包装托盘包装School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnsortingnGoods collectionnAutomatic warehousenStereoscopic warehousenReceiv

7、ing space /nShipping space nGoods yard 分拣集货自动化仓库立体仓库收货区发货区货场School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnGoods shelfnpalletnFork (lift) trucknconveyornAutomatic guided vehiclenBox carnGoods shed货架托盘叉车输送机自动导引车箱式车料棚School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and Expressionsn月台(Dock)

8、 n板台起重机(Pallet Jacks) n道(Lane)/深度(Depth) n货架(rack);托盘货架(Pallet Rack) n集装箱/容器(Container) 架子/箱子/抽屉(Shelves/Bins/Drawers) n条形码(Barcode) n转柱式堆高机(Swingmast)n存贮和拣取(Storage/Retrieval) School of ManagementExamples: Cross dockingnWhat is crossdocking?nCross docking is a warehouse management concept in which

9、items delivered to a warehouse by inbound trucks are immediately sorted out, reorganized based on customer demands, routed and loaded into outbound trucks for delivery to customers without the items being actually held in inventory at the warehouse. nIf any item is held in storage, it is usually for

10、 a brief period of time that is generally less than 24/48 hours.School of ManagementnThe highest level in warehouse management: stock on wheelsndifficulties:(1) coordination;(2) The types of goods.Part 1 CrossdockingSchool of ManagementPart 3 Crossdockingwww.Dn“Cross Docking”翻译为“直接换装”，定义为：“物品在物流环节中，

11、不经过中间仓库或者站点，直接从一个交通工具换载到另一个运输工具的物流衔接方式;n接驳式转运 （Cross Docking）/交叉配送;n将商品由工厂通过配销系统，配送至用户而不将商品储存入库的一种方法是cross docking。School of ManagementJIT and CrossdockingnThe “just-in-time” (JIT) inventory management (or kanban) principle requires that there is just enough inventory that arrives to replace what ha

12、s been used. nThe implementation of crossdock operations repositions the focus from warehousing inventory to one of managing inventory through-flow in transit from suppliers to customers. School of ManagementPush planning/productionwipOperation AwipOperation BwipOperation CwipAplanningBplanningCplan

13、ningschedulingSchool of ManagementPull productionOperation AOperation BOperation CMaterials requirementMaterials requirementGive planning based on operation BGive planning based on operation CGive planning based on operation DSchool of ManagementJIT and CrossdockingnCrossdocks are transformed from i

14、nventory repositories to points of delivery, consolidation and pickup. nAdvantages of crossdocking: accrue from the reduction of warehousing costs, inventory-holding costs, service cycle times and transportation costs.School of ManagementCrossdocking propertiesncrossdocking as the “JIT in the distri

15、bution arena” ;(1) rapidly: The use of “crossdocking” has become synonymous with rapid consolidation and processing ;(2) Complex: crossdocks are complex, requiring a high degree of coordination between suppliers, customers and distributors to create shipments based on anticipated supplies and demand

16、s;(3) Timing performance: In all crossdocking situations, the timing of delivery and pickup is crucial to effective operations.School of ManagementCrossdocking in supply chainnThere are three methods of crossdocking(1)Manufacturing croossdocking: “current” (finished goods move right off production l

17、ine to a waiting truck) or “future” (items produced are staged for later shipment) are the categories.School of ManagementCrossdocking in supply chain(2) Distribution center crossdocking: distinguish between “current/active”, “current/same day”, and “future”. In the first, items are loaded immediate

18、ly on a vehicle; current/same day products are staged on a conveyor for release later that day. Future crossdocking involves the holding of items until they become current/same day.School of ManagementCrossdocking in supply chainn(3)Terminal crossdocking: products from various DCs are sent to a brea

19、k-bulk terminal for shipment of mixed loads to customers. n Gue 2001 refers to a similar method as Retailer crossdocking: Items from different origins are sorted and dispatched to particular stores.School of ManagementUS Postal Service ApplicationsEx: A network of crossdocks for the US Postal Servic

20、e where 148area Distribution Centers ; (1) Serve as crossdocks, each receiving, sorting, packing and dispatching mail according to operating schedules. (2) Mail not processed on time must be shipped by air, incurring additional costs and “critical-entry” times, when mail must arrive at the destinati

21、on center, must be coordinated with transportation schedules to avoid overshooting specified cut off times. (3) Each distribution center serves as an origin as well as destination node where schedules were driven by mail delivery standards. School of ManagementWalMart ApplicationsEx:The well-known s

22、uccess of WalMart in crossdocking;(1) It requires coordinating 2000 dedicated trucks over a large network of warehouses, and retail points;(2) Maytag, a large distributor of household appliances maintains 41 crossdock facilities where “no inventory is held” .School of ManagementSummary nWhat is Ware

23、house?nWhat is Warehouse Management?nWhat does we study in warehouse management?School of ManagementInventory DefinitonnReview?nWhat do we study in inventory management?(1)How many items do we have in inventory?(2)When do we give an order to the suppliers?(3) How much does the ordering Quantity?我们应该

24、在存货中包含那些产品？School of ManagementInventory Contents(1)The classical inventory management also called Independent requirement model (the beginning of 20 century to 1960s)(2)The Modern inventory management also called Dependent requirement model (1960s to now)School of ManagementThe classical inventory

25、managementnSuppose:nThe requirement of an item is independent on that of others;nThe total need can be added by that of each items;nWe can forecast the trend of the requirement of an item based on the history data;nThe inventory control can be obtained by the models with the aid of the need predicti

26、ng, cost, and other variables,etc.School of ManagementThe Modern inventory managementnEach item with the others has some relationship;nJust considering the need forecasting of some item is not enough;nGenerally, the need of some item must be connected with the production planning. School of Manageme

27、ntSummayInventoryModernClassicalmethodsMrpEOQJitSOQErp DrpSee the text P34School of ManagementEOQ principal reorder point safety inventory Lead time lead timeThe reorder point=need in unit period *lead time + safety inventorySee the text P32School of ManagementPeriodic Inventory systemsnPeriodic inv

28、entory is a system of inventory in which updates are made on a periodic basis. School of ManagementPerpetual Inventory systemsnPerpetual inventory systems: /continuous inventory describes systems of inventory where information on inventory quantity and availability is updated on a continuous basis a

29、s a function of doing business. nGenerally, this is accomplished by connecting the inventory system with order entry and in retail the point of sale system. nIn this case, would be exactly the same as, or almost the same, as the real inventory. School of ManagementPerpetual Inventory systemsnStartin

30、g in the 1970s digital computers made possible the ability to implement a perpetual inventory system. nBar coding and radio frequency identification (RFID) labeling are necessary.School of ManagementThe differencenUnder the periodic inventory system a stocktake is essential in order to make accurate

31、 calculations of gross profit;nBut a stocktake merely provides a check on the continues records maintained by a firm.School of ManagementOne gas retailer;Four times to buy gasFour prices to buy gas and store them in same oilcan，How much does the total gas cost?Problems Inventory Costing MethodsSchoo

32、l of ManagementInventory Costing MethodsnSpecific identification Methods P57( not considering the market)nFIFO method P36 (the influence of market)nLIFO method P36 (avoiding the taxes)nThe weighted average method P36 (best methods)School of ManagementExamplesmonthQuantityUnit costSale QuantityRest i

33、nventory11121234110607050804022263028243273714953377176811177The total cost of procurement =(110*22)+(60*26)+(70*30) +(50*28) +(80*24)+(40*32)=10680(Euro)Sale-earning =35*354=12390（Euro), supposing the unit price=35;gross profit=earning-cost of inventory which be for sale=-(cost in procurement -cost

34、 in rest inventory)Unit profit=profit/quantity to be for sale in inventorySchool of ManagementExamplesThe first method:(7*22)+(6*26)+(8*30)+(11*28)+(17*24)+(7*32)=1490(Euro)Profit=12390-(10680-1490)=3200(Euro)Unit profit=3200/354=9.04(Euro/unit)School of ManagementExamples:FIFO method:Suppose the re

35、st 56 units are purchased finally.(40*32)+(16*24)=1664(Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1664)=3374(Euro)Unit profit=3374/354=9.53(Euro/unit)LIFO method: Suppose the rest 56 units are purchased firstly 56*22=1232(Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1232)=2942(Euro)Unit profit=2942/354=8.31(Euro/unit)School of Managemen

36、tExampleThe weighted average method:The value of unit inventory=The total procurement cost/the total quantity=(110*22)+(60*26)+(70*30)+(50*28)+(80*24)+(40*32)/(110+60+70+50+80+40)=10680/410=1459 (Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1459)=3169(Euro)Unit profit=3169/354=8.95(Euro/unit)School of ManagementAnalysi

37、sThe real value of inventory=1490The result of FIFO is higher than the first one, that is higher than 12%;The result of LIFO is lower than the first one, that is lower than 17%;The result of the last one is nearly equal to the first one , that is 2% difference.School of ManagementThe kinds of cost(1

38、)Material cost(2)Reordering cost(3) Holding cost(4) Missing costSchool of ManagementThe kinds of costpercent（%）Material costStorage costHolding damageProcessing costManagement costInsurance costtotal10-152-54-61-21-21-519-35School of ManagementInventory turnoverturnover=Quantity of Product units in

39、some period/average storage quantity；nexample：（1）汽车装配厂和炼油厂的平均存货数量通常保持在一周的供给，则他们的存货周转次数通常在一年50次左右；（2）零售商店的存货周转次数一般在20次左右。School of ManagementInventorynseasonal fluctuations 季节波动ncrude measure 粗略计算ncoupon 配给票npreceding 前面的，先前的nFIFO 先进先出nHolding cost 库存保持成本n Gross Margin Return on Inventory or GMROI库存总

40、利润回报School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and Expressionsninbound trucksnOutbound trucksnthe turnaround times for customer orders(卸货加油检修及再装货所需时间)nReceiving, sorting, storing, retrieving and shippingndelivery and pickupnThroughput(吞吐量）School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and Expressi

41、onsnProduct damagesnProduct obsolescencenLane/ the path in one way/directionnTrailernImplication/meaningnLever/杠杆,途经,工具,手段School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnConsolidation /the places that pickup items togethernConsolidation warehouse 拼货仓库nLiterature/papersnOverlooknPayback

42、nWhereby 靠什么? 靠那个nLess than truck-load(LTL)nTruck-load(TL)School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnReshipmentnTactical/nSkeleton/structurenStage for /plan fornTerminal nBreak-bulk terminal nDispatch 分发School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnConstant demandnForecastnThird-party logistics provider（3PL）nLease/出租nPack/PackagenHassle 混乱，激战School of ManagementPart2 Inventory ManagemnetnSee the tex