第二章-变压器PPT课件

1、变压器的主要结构部件变压器的主要结构部件（2 2）二次绕组（副绕组）负载侧）二次绕组（副绕组）负载侧（3 3）变压器铁心）变压器铁心 磁路部分磁路部分（1 1）一次绕组（原绕组）电源侧）一次绕组（原绕组）电源侧变压器的主要结构部件变压器的主要结构部件变压器的主要结构部件变压器的主要结构部件同心式绕组同心式绕组高压高压低压低压高压高压低压低压高压高压低压低压高压高压低压低压交叠式绕组交叠式绕组2IAX1U1E1E1I1mxa2E2U2I22E1U&1I&2I1E&2E&m&m&1I&2U&2I2E1E12绪论部分绪论部分AX1U1E

2、1E10I1mxa2E20U1N2N1U10I01 10FN Im1E2E11E20U1011UI R与m1(0.1%0.2%)mm101 10fN i1sinmt 111sin(90 )mdeNNtdt 11114.4422mmmENEfN224.44mEjfN 114.44mEjfN 11101110101102NIEjj L IjI XI 111114.442NEjjfN 11111sin(90 )deNNtdt 111011110111ddUI REEI RNNdtdt2022dUENdt 11011110110111UI REEI RjI XEE 202UE1112220ENUkEN

3、U10miiiFeimimFeiiiiFeiFeI1EmFeIII11dieLdt 11Ej L IjI X X1FeFeEI R FeR2FeFeFepI R1UmI1E1R1jXIFeIFeRX1UmI1E1R1jXmRmjXmZ1()mmmmmEI ZIRjX mmmZRjXmRmjX()FemmmFeRjXZRjXRjX1U10()mII1E1R1jXmRmjXmmI1E2EFeII1E1U1mI R1mjI X1N2IAX1U1E1E11()mLIII1mxa2E2U2I22E2NLZ1U1I11 1FN Im1E2E11E222UI R与平衡111UI R与平衡2I222FN Im

4、F22ELZ12mFFF1 1221 mN IN IN I1 1220LN IN I11mLIII1LI1 1LN I2I22N I2222222222NIEjj L IjI XI 222224.442NEjjfN 22222sin(90 )deNNtdt 11111111()UI RjXEI ZE22222222()EI RjXUI ZU1111UI ZE ，2222EI ZU ，12EkE1 1221mN IN IN I ，1mmEI Z 22N I221 2N IN I221 2N IN I222211NIIINk22214.444.44mEEjfNjfN12222NEEkEN22222

5、2I RI R22222222IRRk RI22222222IXXk XI22222LLLIZZk ZI2222()kUk EI Z=2222222221kUkEI k ZEI ZUkk1111UI ZE ，2222EI ZU,12mIII ，12mmEEI Z 1U1I2I1E1R1jXmRmjX2R2jXmI2U2U2E1U1I1R1jX2jX2R2I1E1EmRmjXmILZ1U1I2U2I1N2N12m1U1I2U2I1N2Nm2E1E1R1jXmRmjX2R2jX1LI1U1I2U2I1N1N2E1E1R1jXmRmjX2R2jX2ImI1U1I2U2I2E1E1R1jXmRmjX2

6、R2jXmI1U1I2U2I12kRRRmRmjXmI12kjXjXjX1U12II 2UkRkjXkkkZRjXkjXkR2U2I222I R22jI X12EEmI1I2I1E11I R11jI X1m1U1111UEI Z 2222EUI Z 22LUI Z 1214.44 NmEEjf 1/mmIEZ 12mIII 2U2I2coskmZkFepkFepmZ11NUU10I0P1011(0.002 0.01)NmIIZZ110NmUZI22101100mFeI RI RPp0210mPRI22mmmXZRkmZFep110020UIPU、 、120NUkUkNPkNPkZkZkU1kN

7、IIkkNPp1kNmUUp Fe比正常运行小很多很小1kkNUZI21kNkNPRI22kkkXZR75234.575234.5KkCRR7522575225KkCRR227575kkCkCZRX kCuPp1212kRRR1212kXXXkU1kNII112kEU1R1jX2R2jXkru*kZku*kRkau*kXkkNkkkkkNNNNNZZI ZUZUuUZUUIAiBiABC0ABC 13t0018003600003A3B3C1A1B1C01800360ttt0333cos3(120 )cos3BBtt 0333cos3(240 )cos3CCtt 333cos3cos3AAtt

8、ABC1A3A1B3B3C1C0Ai0Bi0Ci3A3B3CABCXYZyzabCxabCxyzABCXYZm0itt0i00( )i t( ) t05i07i0i03i01i0it01i03i0i00103050103iiiiii030300303030030303sin3sin3(120 )sin3sin3(240 )sin3AmBmmCmmiItiItItiItItt0i0t0i13绕组接法决定绕组接法决定磁路饱和决定磁路饱和决定数学分解数学分解0i133e1eett00ee1e133e由于由于 很弱，很弱， 也很小也很小 接近正弦。接近正弦。33e13eee1800KVA1800KVA

9、及以下容量的变压器可采用此接法。及以下容量的变压器可采用此接法。一次一次23e23i23e0()i 正弦波()平顶波1()正弦波3()正弦波绕组绕组1()e正弦波13()e正弦波23()e正弦波23i23相互削弱相互削弱励磁电流励磁电流三次谐波三次谐波主磁通主磁通三次谐波三次谐波相电动势相电动势应用应用YyYy心式心式无无弱弱( (走漏磁路走漏磁路) )正弦正弦1800KVA1800KVA以上不用以上不用YyYy组式组式无无 强强( (走主磁路走主磁路) )尖峰尖峰不用不用YNyYNy有有( (经中线经中线) )无无正弦正弦可用可用YynYyn有有( (经中线经中线) )无无正弦正弦可用可用Y

10、d (Dy)Yd (Dy)有有( (中有中有) )可略去可略去接近正弦接近正弦可用可用AUaUAXaxAUaUAXaxAUaUAXaxAUaUAUaU0II0IIXxAaAUaU6IIAUaUAXaxAUaU6IIAUaUAXaxAXax0()XYZxyz、abCxyzABCXYZAUaU*ABCabC0ABUabUBCUbcUCAUcaUoa OA OA oa OA oa ABUabUabAUbUCABCCABCab0ABUabUabCxyzABCXYZAUaUcbaCBA0AUaUabcxyzaCxyzABCXYZAUcUbbABCaC0abCxyzaUAUbABCaC0aCxyzaUAU

11、baCxyzABCXYZAUaUb=该物理量的实际值标幺值该物理量的基准值1U*1U1111NbNNUZZI2222NbNNUZZI有功、无功或容量线电压相电压线电流相电流电阻、电抗或阻抗NSNS1NU2NU1NU2NU1NI2NI1NI2NI111NNNUZI222NNNUZI2*22222211122NNNNRk RRRRRZZZZk*33llNNNUUUUUUUU*cos33cos3llNNNU IU IPPPSSS*2*kkNkkkNNNkNNNkkkNNNNZZ IUZUZUUZ IIIZSSUISS*0.040.14kZ *00.0020.01I *111NIII*11I *11I

12、 *11I 20000NSkVA50Hz1212711NNUUkVkV015 C试验名称电压电流功率备注开路试验短路试验11kV9.24kV45.5A157.5A47kW129kW电压加在低压侧电压加在高压侧12XX01(75)3.9CR1120000157.5127NNNSIAU22200001818.211NNNSIAU1212711.54511NNUkU32222()20322220()22202222311221111 1011.5453222345.547 1011.545302645.5322233026320819240129 1058.675.2157.5157.5mmmmmm

13、mkkkkkkUZk ZkIPRk RkIXZRUPZRIIX低压低压222258.675.258.44kkkZR075 C000(75)2222(75)(75)234.5755.26.451234.5156.45158.4458.79kCkkCkCRZRX00001(75)2(75)(75)1(75)123.92.551129.223026320812CCkCCkmmRRRRXXXRX1U1I2U2I01(75)3.9CR129.22jXj3026mR 32081mjXj229.22jXjmI02(75)2.551CR33333311112()*22()*2112()*21818.2 241

14、.7639.9611 1018157.5 32223127 10157.5 3026127 10157.5 3218.2 22.73.75211 101818.2 240.081127 10711 10NmmNNmmNNmmNNmNNmNNmNIZUIRUIZZUIIXRRUIXXUU低压低压低压39.7900300331(75)*(75)11(75)*(75)1*11157.5 58.790.0729127 10157.5 6.4510.008127 10157.5 58.440.0725127 10NkCkCNNkCkCNNkkNIZZUIRRUIXXU*11I *kZ3333*22*22

15、29.24 100.0727127 10129 100.0064520000 100.07270.006450.0725kkkkkkkkkkkUZUIPRPIXZR*kR0*(75)kCR00*(75)(75)0.0080.0729kCkCRZ1000NSkVA12106.3NNUUkVkV04.9PkW15kPkW075 C11100057.73533 10NNNSIAU03111013022102222311111132(75)110 10200035%35%57.7354.9 1019633(5%57.735)200019619905.5%5.5% 10 105.53357.73515

16、1033 57NNmNmmmmkkNkkNNkkCNUUZIIPRIXZRUUUZIIIPRI022222(75)1.5.7355.51.55.29kkkCXZR311110 1010033 57.735NbNUZI00*1*11*1(75)*(75)1120002010019619901.9619.91001005.50.0551001.55.290.0150.0529100100mmbmmmmbbkkbkCkkkCbbZZZRXRXZZZZZRXRXZZ00*001*2*22101010*2*222*1*2(75)11*2*222(75)14.9201.960.051000 0.05201

17、.9619.90.055150.0550.0151110000.0550.0150.0529NmmmmmkkkNkkkCkkNkkkCPP SUZRIIIXZRUPP SPZRIISXZR1.000.750500.25*2U*2I2cos0.8()超前2cos12cos0.8()滞后0.250500.751.00011222,cos,()NUUUf I常数2022212221100%100%100%NNNNNUUUUUUuUUU *2211uUU u1NU2NU2NU2U22()NUU2NU2U*121NkUUI Z *1221NUUABABU uAB 12*12II K*2U*11NU*1k

18、I R*1kjI X2ABCD*1NU*2U*LZ*12II *kR*kjX*12*122*22cos() 100%(coscossinsin) 100%(cossin) 100%kkkkkkkuABI ZI ZIRX 22U2I2020kkZu*kZ*121IIIu2 2.5% *Iu2FepCup22CukpmI RmkR2mB21U11NUU22FeCuFekppppmI R 21PP21PPP 11PPP2202222*22022222220220cos1coscos1cosFekFekNFekkNNkNmU IpmI RmU IpmI RS IpmI RpPSPP *12III11N

19、UUcos( )f0ddmaxFeCuppNmax0FepP2CukNpP000.20.40.60.81020406080100Load factor BataEfficiency Yeta %The Efficiency of Transformer20000NSkVA047PkW0*(75)0.008kCR*0.0725kX 0(75)160kNCPkW2cos0.8*22(cossin) 100%(0.008 0.80.0725 0.6) 100%4.99%NNkkuIRX202201cos47 16010.98798.7%20000 0.847 160NkNNNNNkNpPSPP *0

20、470.542160mmkNPIP0max2021cos22 4710.989298.92%0.542 20000 0.82 47mNpSP ACBBBCc2c1b2b1a2a1AA111UUUkk1U1UcI2U2U1U2U负负载载AXaxk1k2U1I1I2I2I2I1)1)刀闸刀闸 和和 都断开：都断开：k1k112202011UUUUUUUkk112020UUUUkk2121211222kkZZZZk ZZZZZZk11CkkUUIZZ2)2)刀闸刀闸 闭合，产生环流：闭合，产生环流：k1U1UcI2U2U1U2U负负载载AXaxk1k2U1I1I2I2I2I3)3)刀闸刀闸 闭合，副

21、边端电压变化不大，循环电流和空载运行闭合，副边端电压变化不大，循环电流和空载运行时差不多一样大。时差不多一样大。1k负载时各二次电流负载分量分别为负载时各二次电流负载分量分别为 和和 ，则各二次电流，则各二次电流为：为：LILI22LCLCIIIIII因为因为 ，该变压器负，该变压器负荷加重，实际可输出容量荷加重，实际可输出容量减小。减小。2LII结论：要求变比结论：要求变比 相差小于相差小于0.5%0.5%k1U1UcI2U2U1U2U负负载载AXaxk1k2U1I1I2I2I2I2UA(a)A(a)B B2NU2NU1NU222*2*2sin150.5185.18NNCkkUUUUIZZ*

22、0.1kkZZ1UkZkZ2U2I2LII2LIILZ2222,kkkkkkZZIIIIZZZZ22kkIZIZ2222kkkkZZIIIZIZ11kkkkkkXXtgtgRR2222222222*2*2*22()()kkkkNNNkkNNNkkZIZIUIIIIZZIUZIIZIZIIZ*2*2kkZIIZ*22()II*kkZZ*:NNNkkkSSSIIISSSZZZ111:kkkIIIZZZ2*111NkNkSZUZLSSSS2*11113(= ) 33NNNNkkkkNNNUUUUYZZZZSSI接 ：5000NSkVA6300NSkVA*0.07kZ*0.075kZ1I2I3I113

23、322N N1 1N N2 2N N3 3m1223311122331 1223 30mN IN IN IF111112222233333EjI XEjI XEjI X 、 、 123EEE 、 、2122131331EjI XEjI X 、 1211232332EjI XEjI X 、 1311323223EjI XEjI X 、 212I11223321E21E2I2121221EjI X 2121,XM1 212112212NMN Ni2222221123322UI RjI XjI XjI XE+3333331132233UI RjI XjI XjI XE+111111213111111

24、12213311UI RjI XEEEI RjI XjI XjI XE+1U2U3U111222NUkNU222333NUkNU111333NUkNU2233121311,IIIIkk21223133,Uk UUk U22221222331333,XkXXkX121212Xk X131313312312 132332,Xk XXXk k XX2221223133,RkRRkR2121,sXM1 212112212NMN Ni1111112213311UI RjI XjI XjI XE+2222221123322UI RjI XjI XjI XE+3333331132233UI RjI XjI

25、XjI XE+1230III312III 213III 121111123123122222312312()()()UUI RjIXXXXI RjIXXXX +-+-131111123123133333123123()()()UUI RjIXXXXI RjIXXXX +-+-122211UUI ZI Z +133311UUI ZI Z +111222333ZRjXZRjXZRjX111231231XXXXX+-222312312XXXXX+-333122331XXXXX+-1U1jX1R2R2jX3jX3R2U3U1I2I3I1U2U1I2IAXax1U2U1I2IAXax120NUV2200

26、NUV110NIA21NIA200NSVA1U2U1I2I1U2U1I2I1U2U1I2II1 1220N IN I1U2U1I2IAXax112UEE220V20V200V200V1U2U1I2I1E2E1 120N IN I1II1U2U1I2II220V10A200V1A11A220 102200VA200 112200VA1U2U1I2II200NSVA1U2U1I2I2200ANSVA1U2U1I2II1U2U1I2II1U2U1IIAX2Iax1E2E111222AaaxaxUI ZIZEEUEIZ11212222()1AUEENNkUEN1U2U1IIAX2Iax1E2E1121

27、2()mI NININN1120I NIN0mImF11I N2IN1U2U1IIAX2Iax1E2E211AIIII k 1112(1)AI NII kN 1U2U1IIAX2Iax1E2E124.55 9.1NNIIA1NSkVA12220/110NNUUV11222()2AUNNkUN114.55IIA双1 12112 1() NAAaAaSU IUUIUIU ISS电磁传导221222 1() NASU III UU IU ISS电磁传导11(1)AII kI 21122 4.55AIk IIA 1U2U1IIAX2Iax1E2Exyk1 12 11 111xyAU IU IkU Ik

28、 从原边看：=22212211xyAU IU IkU Ik从副边看：=22axUEIZ22AAAaxk Uk Ek IZ221212(1)AaxAaxaxAaxUEk IZEEk IZEEIZkIZ1112AaaxUI ZIZEE121(1)AaaxAUUI ZIZk 1(1)AII k 2121122121(1) (1) AaaxAAaaxAkAUUI ZI ZkUI ZZkUI Z 2(1)kAAaaxAZZZk1U1I2ULZxyk*1(1)kAxykkAZk ZZk5kVA220/110VV220/330VVk2N0i1u1N01U1102sinUUtak2N0i1N1u101102sintdNi RUtadt101tNiL1111012sinttdRNNUtadtL1L0i解常系数非齐次微分方程得：解常系数非齐次微分方程得：110rtLtmSintace 101190Ltgr磁通与电源电压的相位差磁通与