补充阅读FirstAidforDislocations

1、FirstAidforDislocationsAdislocationisaseparationoftheendofaboneandthejointitmeets.Bonesthattouchinthejointssometimesseparatewhentheyareoverstressed.Injuriesrelatedtodislocationsincludedamagetothemembraneliningthejointaswellastearstonearbymusclesandligaments.Causesofdislocationsinclude:«Injuries

2、fromcontactsports«Rheumatoidarthritis«Inbornjointdefects«Jointsweakenedbypreviousinjury* Suddenlyjerkingatoddler'shandorarm.(Forceappliedinthewrongdirectioncansnaptheballoftheupperarmboneoutoftheshouldersocket.)Theshouldersareespeciallypronetodislocationinjuries.Fingers,hips,ankle

3、s,elbows,jawsandeventhespinecanbedislocatedaswell.Adislocatedvertebraeinthespineoftendamagesthespinalcordandcanparalyzebodypartslowerthantheinjurysite.SignsandSymptomsAdislocatedjointis:* Misshapen* Verypainful* Swollen*DiscoloredSometimesitishardtotelladislocationfromabrokenbone.Itisbesttoseekmedic

4、alattentionifyoususpectadislocation.Itisunwisetotrytoputadislocatedbonebackintoitssocket.Whentreatedprofessionally,youcanexpectthedislocatedjointtofunctionwithin24to48hours.Activitymayneedtobelimitedforthenextfourtosixweeks,though,togivetheinjuryenoughtimetoheal.Prevention*Protectapreviouslyinjuredj

5、ointbywrappingitwithanelasticbandageortape.«Wearprotectivepads(shoulder,wrist,knee,etc.)whentakingpartincontactsportsorinotheractivitiesinwhichyoumayfallorotherwisegetinjured.QuestionstoAskIsthereaninjurytotheneckorspine?Isthereseverebleedingaroundtheinjury?GetEmergencyCareandgivefirstaidbefore

6、emergencycare.GetEmergencyCareanddofirstaidbeforeemergencycare.Also: Donotgivetheinjuredpersonanythingtoeatordrinkuntilafterheorshehasbeentreated.Ifthedislocatedjointhastoberepositioned,thepersonmayhavetobegivenanesthesia.* Monitorforsignsofshock.«Donottrytostraightenamisshapenedboneorjoint.Are

7、thereanyoftheseproblems?«Anareathatisdeformed«Alimbthatispale,coldornumb*Alimbthatisverypainful,swollenoronethatcan'tbearweightGetMedicalCareanddofirstaidbeforemedicalcare:* Withoutmovingtheinjuredarea,removeclothingandjewelry(ifany)thatcoverstheinjuredarea.Youmayhavetocutclothingoff.*

8、 Checkforinternalproblemstobloodflowandnerves.Note:Beabletoreportthesesignstoemergencypersonnel.oFeelforapulse:atthewristforaninjurytothearm;justabovetheinsideankleboneforaninjurytotheleg.oLightlytouchthevictim'sfingersortoesandaskifthevictimfeelsyourtouch.oAskifthevictimcanmoveorwigglehisorherf

9、ingersortoes.«Donottrytostraightenamisshapenedboneorjoint.«Keeptheinjuredbodypartfrommoving:oApplyasplintinthepositioninwhichtheinjurywasfound.Trynottomovetheinjuredareaasyousplint.Tomakeasplint:Placeobjectsthatwillprovidesupportonbothsidesoraroundtheinjuredareamakingsurethesupportsextenda

10、boveandbelowtheinjury.(Useboards,rollednewspapersortowels,sticks,etc.)Tieortapethesupportsaboveandbelow(notontopof)theinjuredarea.Usescarves,belts,stripsofcloths,etc.forties.Tiethemtostabilizetheinjuredarea,butnottootightsoastocutoffcirculation.Loosenthesplintiftheareabeyondthesplintturnspaleorthrob

11、swithpainoriftheinjuredareaswellsonlyafterthesplitisapplied.oIfobjectsforsupportsarenotavailable,tietheinjuredbodyparttoanuninjuredareaofthebodytoimmobilizetheinjury.Keeptheinjuredbodypartinthesamepositionyoufoundit.oPutadislocatedarmorshoulderinasling:Useatriangularclothormakeonebytakingasquareclot

12、hthatisaboutayardlongoneachsideandfolditonthediagonal.Puttheinjuredarmacrossthechestatarightangle.Foldthematerialinhalf.Slidetheslingatthehalfwayfoldundertheinjuredarm,makingsurethematerialisbeyondtheelbowoftheinjuredarm.Self-CareAfterMedicalCareDislocations,likeotherjointinjuries,areoftenbesttreate

13、dbyR.I.C.E.(rest,ice,compressionandelevation)duringthefirst24to48hoursaftertheinjury.* Rest.Resttheinjuredjointasmuchaspossible.* Ice.Placecrushediceinaplasticbag,wrapitinatowelandapplytoinjuredareafor20to30minutes.Repeateachhouruntiltheswellingeases.Icehelpstoreducethebleeding,swellingandpain.* Com

14、pression.Applyasnug,wetelasticbandagetotheinjuredjoint.Numbness,tinglingorincreasedpainmeansthebandageistootight.* Elevation.Raisetheinjuredankleorkneeabovetheleveloftheperson'sheart.Placeitonapillow,foldedblanketorstackofnewspapers.Givethepersonacetaminophen,ibuprofenornaproxensodiumforpainaccordingtotherecom