填空题-英语词汇学

1、Grammatical_meaningreferstothepartofspeech,tensesofverbs,etc.17. Theword_minister_hastheoldmeaning"servant"andtheelevatedmeaning"headofaministry".18. Therelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningisarbitraryorconventional.随意的和约定俗称的19. Whenawordwithmorethanonemeaningisusedinunclearcontext,

2、itcreatesambiguity.20. Almostallaffixesareboundmorphemesbecausefewcanbeusedasindependentwords.16. Thedegradedmeaning“sexualdesire"oftheword"lust"comesfromitsoldmeaning“pleasure”.17. Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:boundrootandstem_headwordorentriesaredefinedinthesamelanguageinamonolingu

3、aldictionary.单语词典basicwordstockformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.20概念意义Conceptualmeaningisalsoknownasdenotativemeaning.外延意义。16. Inthecoursebook,theidiomsareclassifiedsyntactic,functions.17. Linguisticcontextcanbefurtherdividedintogrammaticalcontext.18. TheCeltic,languagesmadeonlyasmallcontributionwith

4、afewplacenameslikeAvon,kent,Themes.accordingtogrammatical/lexicalcontextandtotheEnglishvocabulary19. Morphemeswhichareidenticalwithrootwordsareconsideredtobefree20. Accordingtosemanticists,awordisaunitof_meaning.16. Thenamegiventothewideningofmeaningwhichsomewordsundergoisextension17. LongmanLexicon

5、ofContemporaryEnglishisaspecialized_dictionary.18. Whenanewwordappearsforthefirsttime,theauthorusuallymanagestogivehintsor_cluesinthecontexttohelpthereaders.19. Radiationandconcatenationarethetwocoinageswhichthedevelopmentofwordmeaningfollowsfrommonosemytopolysemy.20. MiddleEnglishreferstothelanguag

6、espokenfrom1150to_1500_.NormanConquestin1066startedacontinualflowofFrenchwordsintoEnglish.17. Theattitudesofclasseshavemadeinroadsintolexicalmeaninginthecaseofelevationordegradation18. Contextcanhelpeliminateambiguity,providecluesforinferringword-meaningandgiveindicationofreferents.19. Compoundsared

7、ifferentfromfreephrasesinsemanticunit.20. Contentwordshavebothmeanings,and_lexicalmeaninginparticular.16. Thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwordsisthe_morpheme17. Word-meaningchangesbymodesofextension,narrowing,degradation,elevationandtransfer.18. Intheword“post-war","post-"

8、isaprefixof_Suffixes.19. .Functionalwordssuchaspreparations,conjunctions,thoughhavinglittlelexicalmeaning,possessstrong_grammaticalmeaning.20. Relativesynonymsalsocalled_near-synonyms_aresimilarornearlythesameindenotation,butembracedifferentdegreesofagivenquality.2008填空：16. Affixesattachedtotheendof

9、wordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareknownas_inflectionalmorphemes.17. ThechieffunctionofPrefixesisnottochangethewordclassofthestem,buttochangeitsmeaning.18. “Pavement"inBritishEnglishand“sidewalk"inAmericanEnglishhavethesamesense.19. Red,scarlet,mauve,violet,lavender,pansy,black,purp

10、le,etc,makeupthesemanticfieldof"colours'.（语义场）20. Somewordscanhavetwodifferenttypesofantonymsatthesametime,onebeingnegativeandtheotheropposite2009填空：41. Whenwetalkaboutawordinvisualterms,awordcanbedefinedasameaningfulgroupoflettersprintedorwrittenhorizontallyacrossapieceofpaper.42. ModernEn

11、glishvocabularydevelopsthroughthreechannels:creation,semanticchangeandborrowing.43. Wemightsaythatfreemorphemesarefreeroot.44. .Theformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingaffixestostemsiscalledaffixation45. .Semanticmotivationreferstothementalassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaningofaword.46. Perfec

12、thomonymsandpolysemantsarefully.identicalwithregardtospellingandpronunciation.47. Vocabularyisthemost_unstableelementofalanguageasitisundergoingconstantchangesbothinformandcontent.48. Ambiguityoftenarisesdueto_polysemyandhomonymy.49. Idiomsconsistofset_phrasesandshortsentences.50. Monolingualdiction

13、ariesarewrittenin_onelanguage.2010填空:41. Grammariansinsistthatawordbea_freeformthatcanfunctioninasentence.642. InmodernEnglish,wordendingsweremostlylostwithjustafewexceptionsbecauseEnglishhasevolvedfromasyntheticlanguagetothepresent_analytic_language.2943. Themorphemescanbegroupedintofreemorphemesan

14、d_boundmorphemes.3944. NewwordswhicharecreatedbyaddingaffixestostemsarecalledDerivatives_派生.4645. Thoughhavinglittlelexicalmeaning_functional_wordshavestronggrammaticalmeaning.8646. Thevocabularyofalanguageisinconstantchange;olditemsdropout,newitemscomein,andasthenewreplacetheold,sotheinternal_relat

15、ionsofthewholesetalter.12147. Theattitudesofclasseshavealsomadeinroadsintolexicalmeaninginthecaseambiguity.156习语的固定性依靠于习语ofelevationordegradation.18548. Thesentence“IlikeMarybetterthanJean."willleadto49. Thefixityofidiomsdependsontheidiomaticity.165化程度into_encyclopediaandvocabularyisoveroneunde

16、rSt.Augustinecame50. Encyclopedicdictionariescanbefurtherdividedencyclopedicdictionaries.2011填空:31. Thegeneralestimateofthepresent-dayEnglishmillionwords.32. Attheendof6thcentury,Latin-speakingmissionariestospreadChristianityinBritain.Itbroughtmanynewideasandcustomsandalsomanyreligioustermssuchasabb

17、ot,candle,altar,etc.33. Theformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfunctionareaffixes词缀34. Theprocessofchangingtheword"possible"into"impossible"iscalled_Prefixation_.前缀法35. Thesynonymouspair"die-passaway"hasthesameconceptbutdifferentstylisticvalues.36.

18、 Semantically,all_words_arerelatedinonewayoranother.37.Fortuitousformerlydenoted'happeningbychance','accidental'andlatertookonthemeaning'fortunate'probablyby_analogy_becausethetwowordslooksimilar.38. Thesentence"Heisahardbusinessman"39. Thecharacteristicofidiomsisam

19、biguousdueto_Polysemy_._semantic_unitycanbereflectedbytheunderstandingofsuchidiomas"raincatsanddogs".40. Definition,extracolumnandusageexamplesaretheuniquefeaturesofCollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguageDictionary(1987).2012年填空41. Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyn

20、tacticfunction.42. IntheMiddleEnglishperiod,theNormanConqueststartedacontinualflowof_French_wordsintoEnglish.43. Thebasicformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentityiscalleda_root_.44. Themethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixesiscalledback-formation.45. Wordssuchas“vi

21、cious,tyrant,determined,famous,notorious"usuallyindicatethespeaker'sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestion.Theyhave_affective_meaninginthemselves.46. Awordwhichisrelatedtootherwordsisrelatedtothemin_sense.47. Carwhichusedtobea“two-wheelcartdrawnbyhorsesandusedin_war"hastakenonthemea

22、ningaautomobile"withthedevelopmentofmoderncarindustry.48. Inthesentence“Copernicusbelievedinaheliocentricuniverse,ratherthaninthegeocentrictheory.”,thewordaheliocentric"isexplainedbytheclueof_wordstructure.bytwos49. Duetostructural_stability_ofidioms,thewordorderoftheidiomandthreescannotbeturnedintobythreesandtwos50. Againstthetraditionalpracticeoflexicography,_CCELDcreatesanextracolumnarrangedalongsidethedefinitions.2014年填空：31. Awordisa_minimal_freeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.32. InOldEnglishp