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1、第 6 讲 合纵相连1 Over time , the population grew , people began cutting food into small pieces so itwould cook more quickly.(2019 全国 出)答案 as/when解析 考查连词。句意为:随着人口的增长或当人口增长时,人们开始把食物切成小片以便于更快煮熟。根据句意和句子结构可知,空格处引导状语从句,表示随着"或 当时”,故填as或when。2 it cried , she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comfo

2、rting pats.(2019 四川 )答案 When/If解析 考查从属连词。根据语境可知,when(当时)和if(如果)用在此处都合适。句意为:当它哭的时候/如果它哭了,她会来回摇晃它,轻轻拍打,给它安慰。3 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s , I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvatio

3、n in the wild.(2019 全国出)答案when解析考查从属连词。由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句,先行词是表示时间的themid-1980s ,且从句中缺少状语,故用关系副词 when。4 One day, the cow was eating grass it began to rain heavily.While making great effortsto run away, she fell over the hill and died.(2019 广东)答案 when解析考查连词。be doing sth.when表示正在做某事这时突然”,为固定句型。5 Instea

4、d, you can find some sources from the Internet print the copies needed.(2019 湖南)答案 and解析 考查并列连词。分析句子结构得知find 与 print 是并列关系,故用and。6 You have to know you regoing if you are to plan the best way of gettingthere.(2019 湖南)答案where解析考查宾语从句的连接词。句意为:如果你要计划到达那里的最佳的方式,你必须知道要往哪里去。分析句子结构得知,know后的 you ' ve gO

5、ng语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用where。7 Reading her biography , I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved inliterature.(2019 陕西)答案 what解析 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意为:读了多丽丝 莱辛的传记,我非常钦佩她在文学上取得的成就。for 是介词,故后面的从句是宾语从句,而从句中achieve 缺宾语,故填what。8 The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just oney

6、ear.(2019 江苏)答案 as解析 考查定语从句的引导词。句意为:据报道,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句,表示正如”。9 Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.(2019 江苏 )答案 though解析 考查状语从句的引导词。句意为:尽管历史无法改变,但是我们可以吸取教训来面对未来。though 表示转折,意为“尽管 ”。10 Give me a chance, I ' ll give you a wonderful surprise.(20l9津)

7、答案and解析 考查并列连词。句意为:给我一次机会,我会给你一个惊喜。此处考查了句式:祈使句+ and/or/otherwise +陈述句。根据句意可知是顺承关系,故填and。高考涉及的连词有四类:并列连词、从属连词、连接词和关系词,它们分别连接不同的句子。一、并列连词并列连词既可以连接并列的单词或短语,也可以连接两个并列的分句,其用法如下:1 表示递进或顺承关系的常用并列连词有and, not only.but also. 等。2表示选择关系的常用并列连词有or, either.or.等。3表示转折、对比关系的常用并列连词有but, while 等。4表示因果关系的常用并列连词有so, fo

8、r 等。二、从属连词从属连词常用来引起各种状语从句,其用法如下:1 时间状语从句中的连词when当时候;在期间(强调时间点);while在期间(强调同时性);as一边一边;随着(强调动作的同时性);since自从以来(谓语动词常用完成时);before在之前; 才;不到就;没有来得及 就;till/until 直到;not.until直到才(常用于倒装句和强调句中)。2地点状语从句中的连词where 意为 “在某个地方”, wherever 意为 “无论在哪里”都用来引导表示地点的状语从句。3原因状语从句中的连词because意为 因为",语气强烈,表示事情发生的直接原因;since

9、意为 既然,由于",语气较弱,表示说话双双都知道的原因。4结果状语从句中的连词常用句式:so+形容词/副词+ that从句;so+形容词+ a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句;so+many/much/few/little(少)+名词+ that从句;such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式十that从句;such +形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+ that从句。5条件状语从句中的连词if意为 如果",unless意为 如果不;除非 ”,均引导条件状语从句。6让步状语从句中的连词though/although 意为 “虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句;as/th

10、ough 引导让步状语从句,用倒装语序。三、连接词连接词用在名词性从句中,包括:1 that引导名词性从句,不充当任何成分; that常用在有形式主语的句子中引导真正的主语从句。2 whether/if 引导宾语从句时可以互换,但引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时连接词只能用whether;引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时只能用whethero3 what可以在名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,意为什么;的事情;什么样的 ”。4 who 意为 “谁 ”,在引导名词性从句时常作主语。5 how/when/where/why 引导名词性从句时,在从句中分别作方式、时间、地点和原因状语。6 wh-

11、 + ever意为 无论”,表示任何人或事物,没有固定范围。四、关系词关系词包括关系代词和关系副词,常用来引导定语从句。(一 )关系代词引导的定语从句1 关系代词that 与 which关系代词that 与 which 两者都可指物,常可互换。其区别主要在于:(1)只能用which 的情况出引导非限制性定语从句时,通常要用which;出直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常要用which。(2)只能用that的情况出当先行词是下歹U不定代词(much, little , none, all, few , every, any, no, everything , anything ,nothing)或被它

12、们修饰时,通常用 that;ID当先行词有the very, the only , the same等修饰时,通常用 that;ID当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包才last, next)等修饰时,通常用that;出当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用 that;出当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用 that;出当要避免与which重复时,通常用that。2 关系代词who 与 whom两者均只用于人,从理论上说who 为主格,whom 为宾格:(1)who 指人,在从句中作主语,在口语和非正式文体中也可以代替whom 作宾语;(2)whom 指人,在从句中作宾语,可以省略,

13、但直接跟在介词后面作宾语时,只能用whom,而且不能省略;引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时,who 和 whom 均可用, 但以用 whom 为佳,此时也不能省略。3关系代词whosewhose 引导定语从句,且在句中作定语,既可以修饰人也可以修饰物。4.关系代词as与which在非限制性定语从句中,as和which可代替整个主句,相当于 and this或and that。二者的区别主要在于:(1)as 引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前,也可以在主句后,有时还可以插入句中,常带有 芷如,正像”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后; (2)主句中出现the same,

14、as, such, so修饰先行词时,需选择as作关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语;(3)as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which 。(二 )关系副词引导的定语从句1 when 在所引导的定语从句中作时间状语。2 where 在引导的定语从句中作地点状语。3 why 在引导的定语从句中作原因状语。1 As was known to all , John had broken his promise he would stay with us for sometime.答案 that解析 考查同位语从句的连接词。从句t

15、hat he would stay with us for some time 解释说明本句中的名词“promise勺意思,that在句中不充当任何成分,只是一个引导词而已。2 Bars and cafes are filled with party-goerscome to show off their strange costumes.答案who/that解析考查定语从句的引导词。句意为: 酒吧和咖啡馆挤满了来炫耀他们奇装异服的派对者。根据句意可知先行词party-goers 在后面定语从句中作主语,指人,故用关系代词who/that。3 Some of the top experts t

16、hen tested them to see they were available.答案whether/if解析考查宾语从句的连接词。句意为:一些优秀的专家接着测试它们去看下是否它们还可以利用。根据语意可知,空格处表示是否”,故用whether或if连接宾语从句。4 Mr.Van Rijsselberg said four kinds of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan, thousands of hectares of land was damaged by salinization.答案where解析考查定语从句的引导词。句意为:Van

17、 Rijsselberg 先生说这些土豆中的四种类型会被送到巴基斯坦去,那里的数千公顷的土地因盐碱化被损坏。空格处引导定语从句,先行词Pakistan 指地点,故用关系副词where。5 I can run into him tomorrow I ll tell him he made a big mistake this time.答案 If解析 考查状语从句的连接词。句意为:如果我明天能碰到他我将告诉他他这次犯了个大错第 9页 /共 14页误。根据语境“将告诉 ”推知 “遇到 ”为假设情况,故用连词if 引导表示条件的状语从句。6 But I wonderall the trends ar

18、e worth following.答案whether/if解析考查宾语从句的连接词。句意为:但我想知道是否所有的潮流都值得跟随。wonder 后跟表示 “是否 ”意思的宾语从句,故用连接词whether/if 连接。7 And sometimes, the reason someone gets cancer is simply an unfortunate mystery.答案why解析考查定语从句的引导词。the reason 后的句子为表示原因的定语从句,故用关系词why引导。8 For example, when asked he became a , hestnsWered, “I

19、 started in a gaseouS(体的 ) state. ”答案 how解析 考查宾语从句的连接词。ask 后面的句子为宾语从句,意为“如何,怎么”,故用 how连接从句。9 it takes is a smile to make any difficulty short work , for just being happy can helpothers.答案What解析考查主语从句的连接词。此处为主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,故用连接词what。10 Doctors and researchers can see it happening, they cannot provide a

20、 description ofwhy it started.答案 but解析 考查并列连词。根据前后句意可知此处表示转折,故用表示转折关系的并列连词but。强化练(十五)A blind boy sat on the steps of a building with a box by his feet.He held up a sign1.(read), “ I am blind, please help. ” 2.wereonlya few coins in the box.The boyfelt sad.A man was walking by.He took out a few coins

21、 from his pocket and dropped them into thebox.Then he took the sign , turned it around and wrote some words.He placed the sign 3.it had been so that everyone who walked by would see the new words.Soon the box was full4.coins.A lot more people were giving money to the blind boy.That afternoon , the m

22、an, by 5.the sign had been changed, came to see how thingswere.The boy 6.(recognize) his footsteps and asked,“ Are you the one who changed mysign this morning? What did you write ? ” The man sai,d “ I 7.(simple) wrote the truth.Isaid what you said but in a 8.(difference) way.” 9.h, e “hadTowdraityte

23、n was 2is 10.beautiful day but I can not see it.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一位好心人帮助一名盲童的故事经过。1 .答案 reading解析 考查现在分词。根据read与其逻辑主语a sign之间为主动关系可知,空格处应用现在分词作定语,故填 readingo2 .答案 There解析 考查there be句型。此处意思为盒子里只有几个硬币”。根据句意可知,填 There。3 .答案 where解析考查状语从句的连接词。根据句意他把牌子放回原地,以便于人们能看到刚写到上面 的字”。此处表示地点,故用 where。4 .答案 of解析 考查介

24、词。be full of充满,为固定搭配。5 .答案 whom解析 考查定语从句的引导词。the man为先行词,作介词 by的宾语,故用 whom。6 .答案 recognized解析 考查动词的时态。根据后面的并列连词 and及谓语动词asked可知应用一般过去时。故用 recognized o7 .答案 simply解析 考查副词。此处意为 我只是写下了事实"。simply意为 仅仅;简单地”,为副词,修 饰动词wrote。8 .答案 different解析 考查形容词。in a different way意为 以一种不同的方式”。9 .答案 What解析 考查主语从句的引导词

25、。此处意思为 他写的是 ”。用what引导主语从句,且在从句中作宾语。10 .答案 a解析 考查冠词。此处泛指 、个工 故用不定冠词 a。第 11页 /共 14页I don t know what it is.No matter 11.I go to a post office and no matter where thepost office is , I always find 12.(me) standing in line behind someone who has a lot ofbusiness to do.One day, I had to buy a couple of s

26、tamps, but I had to wait behind an old lady who took fifteen minutes 13.(finish) a form that a child could do in one minute.14.(feel) that Icould not stand waiting in such a line anylonger, I decided to join 15.one.It seemedtwice as 16.as the first line , but at least it was moving.It turned out to

27、be the worst choiceI had ever made.As soon as I 17.(lose) my place in the first line , the one I joined slowedto a stop.I had no choice 18.to wait behind a schoolboy who was taking half an hour tochoose a new set of postcards.At last it was my turn.I nearly jumped for joy.Then the clerk behind 19. c

28、ounter, a middle-aged fat guy, stood up, pushed forward a printed sign saying“ Position Closed ” and 20.(say) without a, s“milSeorr,y going to lunch. ”语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了自己排队购买邮票因不耐心导致的错误选择。11 .答案 when解析 考查连词。no matter when的意思是 无论何时”,根据句意可知此处用when。12 .答案 myself解析 考查代词。find是及物动词,其后要跟宾语,根据句意可知,要填一个反身代词

29、,故填 myself。13 .答案 to finish解析 考查不定式。"sb.takes/took tim e to do sth.为常用句式,故填不定式to finish。14 .答案 Feeling解析 考查现在分词。因feel与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系可知;用现在分词作状语;位于句首,首字母应大写,故填 Feeling。15 .答案 another解析 考查不定代词。another泛指 另一个“。16 .答案 long解析 考查固定短语。as long as是固定搭配,意为 和一样长”。17 .答案 had lost解析 考查动词的时态。句中 as soon as引导时间状

30、语从句,当主句用一般过去时时,从句要用一般过去时或过去完成时。18 .答案 but解析 考查固定句式。have no choice but to do sth.是固定搭配,意思是 除了别无选择”。19 .答案 the解析 考查冠词。在本句中,由于 counter是名词,需要一个限定词修饰,故填the。20 .答案 said解析 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,此处要用一个谓语动词。由于前面的动作都是表示过去,故用一般过去时,填 said。3People do have different ideas about what 21.(wear) While young people tend t

31、oconsider more about fashion , personality and how they look when 22.(choose) clothes ,elderly people pay 23.(great) attention to whether they appear right , they feel comfortableas well as whether the material is worth 24.price.How people get dressed also changes over time.Take China 25.an example.

32、In the1960 s and 1970, tshere were practically only two or three colors people wore , green and blue gray.The styles of the clothes 26.(be) also very dull.In the 1980 ysoung people wouldonly wear 27.was in fashion.28.(recent) , we have come to understand that theway you dress 29.(you) is a reflectio

33、n of your occupation , your background and yourpersonality.So we see different people wear different clothes according to occasions , their likes and 30.(feel) 第 13页 /共 14页4语篇解读这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了人们对穿衣的不同追求以及人们的穿着风格随着时间的改变而发生的变化。21 .答案 to wear解析 考查不定式作宾语。介词 about后的成分为宾语,意思是 去穿什么”,故用不定式形 式。22 .答案 choosing解

34、析 考查现在分词作状语。主语 young people与动词choose之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式。23 .答案 greater解析 考查比较级。从句中有 young people,主句中有elderly people,本句是对这两者之间选择衣服标准的 对比”,故形容词great用比较级形式。24 .答案 the解析 考查定冠词。由名词 price前的主语the material知此处的价格也应为特指。25 .答案 as解析 考查介词。takeas an example意为 以为例”,为固定短语。26 .答案 were解析 考查主谓一致。此处主语the styles of the clo

35、thes为复数形式,语境陈述过去的情况,故用系动词 were。27 .答案 what解析 考查名词性从句的引导词。wear后面的成分作宾语,意为穿着时髦的",故用what连接。28 .答案 Recently解析 考查副词。修饰整个句子,作状语,应用副词,故填 Recently o29 .答案 yourself解析 考查反身代词。dress oneself表示 打扮,给自己穿衣服”,故用反身代词。30 .答案 feelings解析考查名词。根据并列连词前的their likes可知and的前后均为名词,受形容词性物主代词their修饰,意为 情感”,为可数名词,故用复数形式。第 17页

36、 /共 14页Have you ever lived abroad ? When living overseas in a place where people speak a different language, 31.can be difficult to make yourself understood even in 32.(relative)simple but important areas of life , like shopping and getting around town.It can be really upset trying to ask for something in a store or to tell the taxi driver 33.you are going.Sometimes you may be at a 34.(lose) as to what to do; sometimes you are certainthat people understand you 35.are just pretending that they don , and other times thet ymake a very 36.(consider) effort to com

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