构词法(公开课)

1、 Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.GrammarGrammar构词法构词法 (Word FormationWord Formation)2016高考英语语法总复习高考英语语法总复习If you meet the new words while reading, what will you do ?It s not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word, just go on reading! GuessGuess the meaning! the mea

2、ning! When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word Formation to help us, but the context( (上下文，语境上下文，语境) ) is also very important.1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person.2. When the little boy finished, his father was speechless.3. A bad-looking pickpocket stol

3、e my wallet.根据根据构词法构词法猜词猜词 首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。等。小小结结dis+honest 不诚实的不诚实的speech+less 说不出话的说不出话的pick+pocket 扒手扒手构词法构词法派生法派生法（Derivation）合成法合成法(Compounding) 转化法转化法（Conversion）缩略法缩略法（Abbreviation） able unable; teach teacherspace+shi

4、p spaceshipvisit v. visit n.Do it yourself. DIY合成词合成词 Compoundpain-killercolor- blindsleep-walker二、二、合成法合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted 把两个或两个以上独立的词合成把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。一个新词。一一.合成名词合成名词例词例词newspaper; 含义含义greenhouse;温室效应温室效应handwriting;书写书写waiting- room;等候室等候室earthquakesunrise日出日出neck

5、lace项链sightseeing观光观光报纸报纸地震地震二二.合成动词合成动词梦游；做白日梦 Overwork; Oversleep加班，劳累过度；睡过头 whitewash刷白sleep walk; daydream三三.合成形容词合成形容词人造的人造的snow-white雪白的雪白的English-speaking讲英语的讲英语的man-made含义含义例词例词Short-lived;短暂的短暂的light-blue浅蓝色的浅蓝色的good-looking好看的好看的warm-hearted热心肠的热心肠的second-hand二手的二手的hard-working勤劳的勤劳的well-k

6、nown有名的有名的underground地下的地下的1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the _ _ could control it.2) At school she formed a close _ with several other girls. 3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _.4) He put on a hat and _ before he went out.5) They often perform in the streets for the _.6) Im sure

7、 you will be _ soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat1. Make compound words after the models. A: passer, well, sea, fire, over, friend, B: by, known, side, fighter, coat, ship, Model: part + time = part-time2. Fill in the blanks with the words above.派生法派生法 Derivation派派生生法法前缀前

8、缀后缀后缀否定前缀否定前缀其他前缀其他前缀名词后缀名词后缀形容词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀副词后缀动词后缀动词后缀否定前缀否定前缀其他前缀其他前缀 加前缀：加前缀： happy - happy - _happyhappy 加后缀：加后缀： develop - develop - developdevelop_ 既加前缀又加后缀：既加前缀又加后缀： employ - employ -_employemploy_unmentunment1.派生词 注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词性;后缀一般只改变词性,不引起词义变化Derivation: 1) 前缀前缀: (1) agree- like- appe

9、ar- (2) correct-incorrect, possible- impossible, regular-irregular, (3) happy-unhappy, able-unable,fit-unfit, (4) stop-nonstop, verbal(语言的）语言的）-nonverbal (非语言的非语言的) (5) write -rewrite, view-review disagreedislikedisappear2) 后缀后缀: (1) 构成名词：构成名词： (2) 构成形容词构成形容词: (3) 构成动词构成动词: (4) 构成副词构成副词: (5) 构成数词构成数

10、词: -er, -ese, -ist, -ian, -ment, -tion, -ness, -th.-al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less-fy, -is (z)e: beautify, realize-ly: badly-teen, -ty, -th thirteen, sixty, twelfth,fifthemployer, Chinese, socialist, musician agreement, collection, illness, truthnational, American, careful, exciting, cloudy, useless

11、一、一、派生法派生法（Derivation）由词根由词根(root)加前缀加前缀（prefix）或后缀或后缀（suffix）构成新词。构成新词。un-否定前缀否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non- understand politesmokeragreefairvisible Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?1. over- : too muchoverwork , overeatabove sth; across overcoat, overheadSome imp

12、ortant prefixes: The trains are _ on Friday evenings. (crowded)overcrowded He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en- 动词前缀动词前缀enable, endanger, Reading can _ our life.(rich)enrichSome important suffixes:-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, -able, -less, -en等等sharpen a pencilstrengthenbrightensha

13、rp adj. sharpen v._strength _ bright3. Write out the original words.unchangeable adj. _ dislike v. _ impossibility n. _ unfriendly adj._overwork v. _ misunderstanding n. _athletic adj._ misread v. _translator n. _ changelike possiblefriendwook understandathletereadtranslateII. 构词法专练。构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀给

14、下列单词加上前缀dis-, un-, in-或或im-, 构构成意思相反的词。成意思相反的词。1. agree _2. complete _3. healthy _4. important _5. able _6. cover _ 7. known _ 8. practical _9. tidy _10. perfect _11. visible _ 12. fit _disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover / uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitPrac

15、tice (II): rain(形容词形容词) _ agree(反义反义)_ nation(形容词形容词)_ farm(人人)_ recent(副词副词)_ friend(形容词形容词)_ hope(形容词形容词)_ back(形容词形容词)_ visit(名词名词)_ home(形容词形容词) _ eight(序数词序数词)_ true(名词名词)_ America(形容词形容词)_ China(形容词形容词)_按括号内的要求改写下列单词按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfr

16、iendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese1. He was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play)2. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! (happy)3. It snowed _ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)4. Edison was a great _. During his life he had many _. (invent)players happily heavi

17、ly inventor inventions 构词法精练构词法精练 Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.5. More and more _ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）6. We want _ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)7. Please give me some reference work. It will _ my task. (simple)8. The doctor

18、 said that Marys mother needed an _.(operate) foreigners satisfactory simplify operation 9. She hoped that her son would become a _. (music)10. Few _ words made us excited. (speak)11. The days on the moon get hotter than _ water. (boil)12. Thank you for your _. (kind)13. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _ . (expensive)14. Most international _ letters are written in English, too. (busy)musician spoken boiling kindness expenses business 15. W