必修unit1限制性和非限制性定语从句

1、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句一、定语的概念：定语通常由形容词来担任，起限定和修饰名词或代词的作用。 Sheisabeautifulgirl.（beautiful是定语）二、定语从句的概念：由一个句子来担任定语的功能，相当于一个形容词，用来限定和修饰名词或代词。 Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.（whoisbeautiful这整个句子做定语）三、定语从句中的概念例：Thisisanoldcomputer.Itworksmuchslower.（这是两个简单句，其中后一句中的it代替anoldcomputer）fThisisanoldcomputerwhich/thatwork

2、smuchslower.（这是一个复合句，which/that代替anoldcomputer引导定语从句） TheCDisverygood.IboughttheCD.fTheCDthat/whichIboughtisverygood. Thisisthehouse.Welivedinthehousetwoyearsago.fThisisthehousewherewelivedtwoyearsago.A.先行词：是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词B.关系词：引导定语从句的词?关系词主要起三个作用：1.代替先行词2.在定语从句中作句子成分引导从句3.把从句和主句连接起来四、定语从句的分类：限制性定语从

3、句和非限制性定语从句五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，去掉后句意不完整是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“，的,，”通常翻译成主句的并列句先行词只能是名词或代词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子关系词A.作宾语时可省略；B.可用that;C.可用who代替whom;D.可用whyA.M、可省;B.不用that;C.不用who代替whom;D.why要换为forwhich第1页共1页形式不同：限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先

4、行词。非限制性定语从句仅作为补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个句子。Eg:Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.（非限制性）功能不同：限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不失分密切，只是对于其做一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限定性定语从句省略，主句的意义仍然完整。Eg:Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonge

5、r.（若把从句去掉句子就失去意义。）Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.（若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整。）翻译不同：在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词前面，而把非限定性语从句与主句分开。翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意义上的区别。1. Hehasabrotherwhoisaphysicist.他有一个当医生的兄弟。（不止一个兄弟，其中一个是医生）Hehasabrother,whoisaphysicist.他有一个兄弟，是个医生。（只有一个兄弟）2. Hereturnedal

6、lthebookswhicharewritteninEnglish.他把所有的英文书都归还了。（还有别的书没归还）Hereturnedallthebooks,whicharewritteninEnglish.他把所有的书都归还了；这些书都是英文书。*想一想：为什么当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的？【随即随练】翻译下列句子1. Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.住在我隔壁的那个人是个医生。2. Mysister,wholivesnextdoor,isadoctor.我姐姐是个医生，住在我的隔壁。3. Inourscho

7、olthereareeightforeignteacherswhocomefromAustralia.我们学校有八位来自澳大利亚的外籍教师。4. Inourschoolthereareeightforeignteachers,whocomefromAustralia.我们学校共有八位外籍教师，他们来自澳大利亚。关系词的使用情况有所不同系代词：which,that,who,whom,whose院系副词：when,where,why第2页共2页限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中关系代词的使用对比表：限制性定语从句代指人代指物作主语who,thatthat,which作宾语who,whom,that

8、,（可省略）which,that（可省略）作定语whosewhose非限制性定语从句代指人代指物作主语whowhich作宾语whom（/、可省略）which（/、可省略）作定语whosewhose（1）关系代词使用情况不同例1.ThisisthegirlwhomImetinthestreet.例2.Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.1）指人时，作宾语，在限制性定语从句中，who可用，但在非限制性定语从句中who不可用。判断以上两个例句哪个可以用who2）that不可以用于引导非限制性定语从句（同上判断）3）关系代词省略情况不同（判

9、断）【牛刀小试】在下列横线上填入适当的关系代词1. Theisthebookwhosecoverisblue2. Thewomanwho/whom/thatwetalkedaboutismysister.3. Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.4. Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunity.5. Themanwho/thatlivesnextdoorisadoctor.6. Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,whichshewanted

10、tobe.7. Hemetwithaprettygirlinthepark,whomhefellinloveatfirstsight.8. Hehasabrother,whoisaphysicist.（2）关系副词有when,where,why三个，在定语从句中一般做状语第3页共3页例1.We'llgraduateinJulywhenwewillbefree.（限制性）We'llgraduateinJuly,whenwewillbefree.（非限制性）2.LastSundaytheyreachedNanjingwhereaconferencetobeheld.（限制性）Las

11、tSundaytheyreachedNanjing,whereaconferencetobeheld.（非限制性）3.Ididn'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.（限制性）在非限制性定语从句中不能用why【随即随练】在下列横线上填入适当的关系副词1 .Therainbowcan'tbeseenatnoon,whenthesunishighinthesky.2 .Weplayedinthegardentillsunset,whenisbegantorain.3.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,whereween

12、joyedasplendidviewofthelake.4.I'llgiveyoumyfriend'saddress,whereIcanbereachedmostevenings.5.IhadtoldthemthereasonwhyIdidn'tattendthemeeting.先行词不同:限制性定语从句中的先行词只能是名词或代词。在非限制性定语从句中，关系词which也可指代整个主句。如:fThebookthat/whichIboughtisveryinteresting.（that/which指thebook）fHereturnedallthebooks,which

13、arewritteninEnglish.（which指allthebooks）fPeterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.（which指整个主句）fHechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.（which指整个主句）【随堂练习】一、单项选择1.1 'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolAImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which2 .Theoldtownhasnarrows

14、treetsandsmallhousesDarebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that3 .Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,Btheparentsaretreatingtheirchildasafriend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that4 .ThevisitorDpassportwasstolenwasonhiswaytotheUS.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose5 .EveryonehasperiodsintheirlivesAeverythingseemsver

15、yhard.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that6 .We'llreachthesalestargetsinamonthAwesetatthebeginningoftheyear.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what二、把下面的几个简单句合并为一个复合句:1 .Heisayoungman.Hisparentsarebothdoctors.第4页共4页Heisayoungmanwhoseparentsarebothdoctors.2 .Thisisaboy.Heisveryclever.Thisisaboywho/thatisveryclever.3 .N

16、ingboisabeautifulcity.SomefamousfilmstarshavebeentoNingbo.Ningbothat/whichsomefamousfilmstarshavebeentoisabeautifulcity.4 .Mr.smithhasmanyfriends.Thesefriendscamefromallovertheworld.Mr.smithhasmanyfriendsthat/whichcamefromallovertheworld.5 .Thisisafactory.Myparentsworkinthisfactory.Thisisafactorywhe

17、remyparentswork.【课后练习】一、单项选择1 .Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotraveling,Bturnedouttobeawisedecision.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where2 .Womendrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthosedon't.A.who;不填B.不填；whoC.who;whoD.不填；不填3 .Ellenwasapainterofbirdsand

18、ofnature,B,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom4 .SalesdirectorisapositionDcommunicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where5 .Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,Atheaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which6 .Theexactye

19、arDAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which7 .NowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentDtheylive.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where8 .Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatworkDagoodimpressionisamust.A.whichB.whenC.asD.where9 .Manychildren,Bparentsareawayworkinginabigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom10 .Untilnow,wehaveraised50000poundsforthepoorchildren,Bisquiteunexpected.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.it11 .Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroug