成人高等教育学士学位英语考试复习

1、成人高等教育学士学位英语考试复习资料一、考试题型本考试包括5个部分：阅读理解、词汇和语法、完形填空、英译汉和写作。客观题目全部按顺序统一编号。考试时间为120分钟。第一部分阅读理解(ReadingComprehension),共4篇短文，共20题，占总分的40%第二部分词汇和语法(VocabularyandStructure),共40题，占总分的20%第三部分完形填空(Cloze),共20题，占总分的10%第四部分英译汉(TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese),12个段落，占总分的15%第五部分写作(Writing),占总分的15%阅读理解专项练习Passage1

2、TheThesecretofbeingbornluckyisasummerbirthday,withMaybabiesmostlikelytoenjoyalifetime'sgoodfortune,accordingtoastudyofmorethan40,000people.timeofyearatwhichyouarebornhasanenduringinfluenceonlevelsofoptimismandself-reportedluck,accordingtoaresearchbyBritishandSwedishscientists.Maywastheluckiestmo

3、nthinwhichtobeborn,with50percentofthosebornthenconsideringthemselveslucky,whileOctoberwastheleastluckymonth,withjust43percentclaiminggoodfortune.Thefindingsaddtogrowingevidencethatthephenomenonofluckisnotalldownthatwhetherpeoplethinkthemselvesfortunatedependslessonobjectivesuccessthanonhavinga“glass

4、ialf-fullor“ha-fempty“approachtolife."Whatweareseeingsuggeststhatsomethingisinfluencinghowpeopleperceivetheirluckiness.Myhypothesisisthatpeoplecreatetheirownluckbytraitssuchasoptimism,thatluckisapsychologicalphenomenonratherthanamatterofblindchance,“saidProfessorRichardWiseman,wholedtheresearch

5、.tochance,butisaffectedbyapersonsgeneraldisposition.OthasrsetrchhThepatternoftheresult,withthoseborninspringandinsummerreportingthemselvesluckierthanthoseborninautumnorwinter,couldhavetwopotentialexplanations,ProfessorWisemansaid.1. Accordingtothepassage,whetherpeoplethinkthemselvesluckyornotdepends

6、onthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT.A. one'sobjectivesuccessB. one'sgeneraldispositionC. one'sattitudetolifeD. one'splaceofbirth2. Accordingtothepassage,thosewhowereborninregardthemselvesasthemostfortunate.A.MarchB.AprilC.MayD.October3. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassag

7、eA. Optimisticpeopletendtobeluckier.B. Devotedpeopletendtobeluckier.C. Objectivesuccessismoreimportantthanone'generaldispositioninfeelinglucky.D. Peopledrinkingmorewatertendtobeluckier.4. Whichofthefollowingwordscanbebestreplacetheword“trait”(Line7,A.Quality.B.Expectation.C.Belief.D.Idea5. Whati

8、sthebesttitleforthepassageA. LuckisSomethingBornB. LuckisNotAllDowntoChanceC. LuckisaMatterofBlindChanceD. LuckandAgePassage2Manhasalwayswantedtofly.Someofthegreatestmeninhistoryhadthoughtabouttheproblem.Oneofthem,forexample,wasthegreatItalianartist,LeonardoDaVinci.Inthe16thcenturyhemadedesignsforma

9、chinesthatwouldfly,buttheywereneverbuilt.Throughouthistory,otherlessfamousmenhadwantedtofly.AnexamplewasamaninEngland800yearsago.Hemadeapairofwingsfromchickenfeathers.Thenhefixedthemtohisbodyandjumpedintoairfromatallbuilding.Hedidnotflyveryfar.Instead,hefelltothegroundandbrokeeveryboneofhisbodyandre

10、stedinpeace.ThefirstrealsteptookplaceinFrance,in1783.Twobrothers,theMontgolfiers,madeaverylarge“hotairballoon”.Theyknewthathotairrises.WhynotfillaballoonwithitTheballoonwasmadeofclothandpaper.InSeptemberofthatyear,theKingandQueenofFrancecametoseetheballoon.Theywatcheditcarrytheveryfirstairpassengers

11、intothesky.Thepassengerswereasheepandachicken.Wedonotknowhowtheyfeltaboutthetrip.Butwedoknowthatthetriplastedeightminutesandthattheanimalslandedsafely.Twomonthslater,twomendidthesamething.TheyroseaboveParisinaballoonofthesamekind.Theirtriplastedtwenty-fiveminutesandtheytraveledabout.1. LeonardoDaVin

12、ci.A. saidthatmanwouldflyintheskyonedayB. builtakindofmachinewhichneverflewC. madedesignsforflyingmachinesD. drewmanybeautifulpicturesofbirds2. EighthundredyearsagoanEnglishman.A. madeakindofflyingmachineB. triedtoflywithwingsmadeofchickenfeathersC. wantedtobuildakindofballoonD. triedtoflyonalargebi

13、rd3. Infact,theEnglishmanwhotriedtofly.A.gotbadlywoundedB.succeededinflyingC.losthislifeD.flewonly8minutes4. Theveryfirstairpassengersintheballoonwere.A.twoanimalsB.theMontgolfiersC.twoFrenchmenD.theKingandQueen5. WhendidtwoFrenchmenriseaboveParisA.InDecember1783.B.InSeptember1783.C.Inthe17thcentury

14、.D.InNovember1783.Passage3Dietingtoloseweighthasbecomeverypopularinrecentyears.Peoplehavebecomemorehealthconsciousandtrytotakebettercareoftheirbodiesbyeatingmorenutritiously（有营养的）andexercisingmoreregularlytoloseanyunnecessaryfatthattheymayhave.Notonlyarepeoplebeingmorecarefulaboutwhattheyeat,theyare

15、also“plasftodhambstrgersandchooseconcernedwithhowtheyeatandhowtheirmealsareprepared.Peoplearetakingmoretimeforeachmeal.Manyavoidthesocalledtoeatasaladorasandwichofmorehealthfulingredients（成分）inaquietrestaurantwithamoreleisurelyatmosphere.Athome,theyalsotrytotakeenoughtimetoeatarelaxingdinnerwithoutp

16、honeorTVinterruptions.Whiledietingmaybeviewedasbeneficial,ithasalsobecomeaseriousproblemforAmericans,particularlyforyoungwomen.Dietingforthemhasactuallybecomeapsychologicaladdiction（依赖）.Theyeatsolittlethattheycanloseasmuchasfiftypercentoftheirtotalbodyweight,andalthoughtheylooklikeskeletons,theystil

17、linsistthattheyarefat.Thecurrentwavesofexercising,dietingandtheproblemsproducedhavecausedmanyorganizationstobegineducatingthepublic.Manyschools,hospitals,healthorganizations,newspapersandmagazines,forexample,areofferingclasses,printingbookletarticles,etc.toinformthepublicofthewaytoexerciseanddiet,of

18、thedangersofdietingtoorapidly,andoftheplacespeoplecangoformedicalhelpiftheyfindthemselvesontheroadto“dietaddiction”.1. Thesedayspeoplearedietingmorebecause.A. theyhavebecomefatterandfatterB. theyhaverealizedthedangerofeatingC. theyhavebecomemorehealthconsciousD. theyhavetakenbettercareofthemselves2.

19、 WhatchangeshavepeoplemadeintheatmosphereofmealtimeA. Theyaretakingmoretimeforeachmeal.B. Theyareeatinginquietrestaurantswithmoreleisurelyatmosphere.C. AthometheyareeatingwithoutphoneorTVinterruptions.D. Alloftheabove.3. “Theylooklikeskeletons”inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans.A. theyareveryprett

20、yB. theyareveryuglyC. theyaretoothinD. theyarestarving4. Themainideaofthelastparagraphisabout.A. howtheorganizationstrytohelppeoplewithdietingaddictionB. whatkindofmediacanbeusedtoeducatethepublicC. wherepeoplewithdietingaddictioncangotoaskforhelpD. whatcausestheorganizationstobegineducatingthepubli

21、c5. Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthattheatmosphereofeatinghassomethingtodowith.A.dietingB.mannersC.healthD.exercisingPassage4DoyouknowwhoBenjaminBannekerwasandwhathedidBenjaminBannekerwasaself-educatedscientistatatimewhenmostAfricanAmericanswereslaves.BornafreeblackmanintheBritishColonyofMaryland

22、in1731,hereceivedsomeformaleducation,buthemostlyborrowedbooksandtaughthimselfscienceandmathematics.At22,heborrowedapocketwatch,andwithoutanytraining,figuredouthowtocarveaworkingwoodenclockthatchimedeachhour.Becauseofthisclock,hebecamewellknownandpeoplewouldvisithimjusttoseehiscreation.Bannekerranhis

23、familyfarmfrommanyyears,butwhenhewasinhislate50s,aneighbor'ssonlenthimatelescope.Heecameinterestedinastronomy,thestudyoftheplanetsandstars,andagaintaughthimselfanewscience.Hemadecalculationsoftides,sunrisesandsunsets,andevenpredictedaneclipse.Forseveralyearshepublishedanalmanacofthesecalculation

24、s.Today,heisbestknownforpublishingsixalmanacs,called“BenjaminBanneker'sAlmanac”between1792and1797.Inthe1790s,BannekeralsohelpedsurveyandlayoutthelandforWashington,D.C.,whichbecamethenation'scapital.ForalookatBanneker'samazinglife,viBenjaminBannekerHistoricalPark&MuseuminEllicottCity,

25、Maryland.1. WhatwasthestatusofmostAfrican-AmericansatBanneker'stimeA. MostAfrican-Americanscouldhaveformaleducation.B. MostAfrican-Americanscouldbeself-educated.C. MostAfrican-Americanshadfreedom.D. MostAfrican-Americanswereslaves.2. WhatsubjectsdidBenjaminteachhimselfA. Scienceandmathematics.B.

26、 Science,mathematicsandastronomy.C. Astronomyonly.D. SixAlmanac.3. Hebecamefamousattheageof22becauseof.A.awatchB.atelescopeC.abookD.aclock4. Theword“almanac”(Line5,Para.2)probablymeans.A.abookB.anobjectC.asurveyD.adiary5. WhichofMr.Banneker'sworksisbestknownA. Eclipseprediction.B. Helpingsurveyi

27、ngthecapital.C. BenjaminBannekerAlmanac.D. Awoodenclock.Passage5Theclockstruckelevenatnight.Thewholehousewasquiet.Everyonewasinbedexceptme.Underthestronglight,Ilookedsadlybeforemeatahugepileofthattroublesomestufftheycall“books”.Iwasgoingtohavemyexaminationthenextday."WhencanIgotobed”Iaskedmysel

28、f.Ididn'tanswer.Infact,Idarenot.Theclockstrucktwelve."Oh,dear!”Icried."Tenmorebookstoreadbeforegotobed!”Wepupilsarethemwsttchedcreaturesintheworld.Daddoesnotagreewithmeonthis.Hedidnothavetoworksohardwhenhewasaboy.Theclockstrokeone.Iwasquitedesperatenow.IforgotallIhadlearned.Iwastootire

29、dtogoon.IdidtheonlythingIcould.Iprayed,mOpassdhpleasehelpexamtomorrow.Idopromisetoworkhardafterwards,Amen.”MyeyesweresoheavythatIcouldhardlyopenthem.Afewminuteslater,withmyheadonthedesk,Ifellasleep.1. Whentheauthorwasgoingoverhislessons,alltheothersinthehousewereA.quietlylaughingathimB.outsideC.work

30、inginbed2.TheunderlinedwordA.veryhappyD.asleep“wretched”inPara.3probablymeansC.disappointed3.ReviewinghislessonsdidnD.hopeful.'thelphimbecauseA.hehadn'tstudiedhardbeforetheexaminationB. hewasverytiredC. hiseyeslidweresoheavythathecouldnD. itwastoolateatnight4. Whatdoyousupposehappedtotheauth

31、orA. Hewenttochurchtoprayagain.B. Hefailedintheexam.C. Hepassedtheexambysheerluck.D. Hewaspunishedbyhisteacher.5. ThebesttitleforthepassagewouldbeA. ASlowStudenttkeepthemopenB. WorkingFarintotheNightC. TheNightbeforetheExaminationD. GoingoverMyLessonsPassage6Todayanyonewillacceptmoneyinexchangeforgo

32、odsandservices.Peopleuse8. veryunhappymoneytobuyfood,furniture,books,bicyclesandhundredsofotherstheyneedorwant.Whentheywork,theyusuallygetpaidinmoney.Mostofthemoneytodayismadeofmetalprpaper.Butpeopleusedtouseallkindsofthingsasmoney.Oneofthefirstkindsofmoneywasshells.Shellswerenottheonlythingsusedasm

33、oney.InChina,clothandkniveswereused.InthePhilippineIslands,ricewasusedasmoney.InpartsofAfrica,cattlewereoneoftheearliestmoney.Otheranimalswereusedasmoneytoo.ThefirstmetalcoinsweremadeinChina.Theywereroundandhadasquareholeinthecenter.Peoplestrungthemtogetherandcarriedthemfromplacetoplace.Differentcou

34、ntrieshaveuseddifferentmetalsanddesignsfortheirmoney.ThefirstcoinsinEnglandweremadeoftin.SwedenandRussiausedcoppertomaketheirmoney.Later,othercountriesbegantomakecoinsofgoldandsilver.Butevengoldandsilverwereinconvenientifyouhadtobuysomethingexpensive.AgaintheChinesethoughtofawaytoimprovemoney.Theybe

35、gantousepapermoney.Thefirstpapermoneylookedmorelikeanotefromonepersontoanotherthanpapermoneyusedtoday.Moneyhashadaninterestinghistoryfromthedaysofshellmoneyuntiltoday.1. WhichofthefollowingcanbecitedasanexampleoftheuseofmoneyinexchangeforservicesA. Tosellabicyclefor$20.B. Togetsomemoneyforoldbooksat

36、agaragesale.C. Tobuythingsyouneedorwant.D. Togetpaidforyourwork.2. WherewereshellsusedasmoneyinhistoryA.InthePhilippines.B.InChina.C.InAfrica.D.Wedon'tknow.3. WhydidancientChinesecoinshaveasquareholeinthecenterA. Becauseitwouldbeeasiertoputthemtogetherandcarrythemaround.B. Becauseitwouldbelighte

37、rforpeopletocarryfromplacetoplace.C. Becausepeoplewantedtomakeitlooknicer.D. Becausepeoplewantedtosavetheexpensivemetaltheyweremadefrom.4. WhydoestheauthorsaythatevengoldandsilverwereinconvenientifyouhadtobuysomethingexpensiveA. Becausetheyaredifficultforpeopletoobtain.B. Becausetheythemselvesareexp

38、ensive,too.C. Becausetheyarenoteasytocarryaround.D. Becausetheyareeasytosteal.5. WhichdoyouchooseasthebesttitleforthispassageA. MoneyandItsUseB. DifferentThingsUsedasMoneyC. DifferentCountries,DifferentMoneyD. TheHistoryofMoneyPassage7InDenmark,parentsareallowedtosetupanewschooliftheyaredissatisfied

39、withtheschoolintheareawheretheyareliving.Althoughtheseschoolshavetofollowthenationalcourse,theyareallowedalotofchoicesindecidingwhattoteach.Someofthesenewschoolsarecalled“smallschools”becauseusuallythenumofpupilsinthemisonlysixty,butaschoolhastohaveatleasttwenty-sevenpupils.CooleenbridgeSchoolinIrel

40、and,isasmallschoolsimilartotheonesinDenmark,itwassetupbyparentswhocamefromHolland,Germany,Czechoslovakia,EnglandandotherpartsofIreland.Theycamebecausetheywantedtoliveinthecountrysideandtogrowtheirownfood.InJune1986,theydecidedtostartaschool.Theymanagedtogetanold,disusedprimaryschoolbuildingandstarte

41、dwithtwenty-fourchildrenagedfromfourtotwelve.Theteacherssay,“Theimportantthinginschoolisdoing,notsitting.”coursesincludeyoga,cooking,knitting,kite-making,music,fishing,dramaandenvironmentalriverstudies,aswellasreading,writing,mathsandscience.1. WhataretherulesforsettingupanewschoolinDenmarkA. Parent

42、sareallowedtosetuptheirownschool.B. Theschoolhastofollowthenationalcourses.C. Theschoolhastohaveatleast27students.D. Alloftheabove.2. ThewritertellsabouttheCooleenbridgeSchoolintheIrelandbecause.A. itwassetupbyparentswhoarenotpeopleofDenmarkB. itwastakenasanexampleofthiskindof“smallschool”C. therear

43、eonlytwenty-fourchildrenD. thepupilstherewereagedfrom4to123. WhatmakesthiskindofschoolspecialA. Itissetupbyparentsnotbygovernment.B. Itisfreetodecidewhattoteach.C. Thenumberofpupilsinitisonlysixty.D. Ithastohaveatleast27pupils.4. “Theimportantthinginschoolisdoing,notsitting."Whattheteacherssaym

44、eans.A. whatweshoulddoisteachingintheclassroom,notsittingintheofficeB. childrenshoulddomorehomeworkathome,notjustsitinclasstolistentotheteachersC. childrenshouldlearnbythemselvesnotrelyonteachersD. childrenshouldlearnthroughpracticenotjustfrombooks5.Thecoursesinclude.A. yoga,cooking,knitting,kite-ma

45、king,music,fishing,dramaandenvironmentalriverstudies,exceptwriting,mathsandscienceB. eitheryoga,cooking,knitting,kite-making,music,fishing,dramaandenvironmentalriverstudies,orreading,writing,mathsandscienceC. notonlyreading,writing,mathsandscience,butalsoyoga,cooking,knitting,kite-making,music,fishi

46、ng,dramaandenvironmentalriverstudiesD. mainlyyoga,cooking,knitting,kite-making,music,fishing,dramaandenvironmentalriverstudies,andsupplemental（补充的）writing,mathsandsciencePassage8IntheUnitedStates,30percentoftheadultpopulationhasaweightproblem.Tomanypeople,thecauseisobvious:theyeattoomuch.Butscientif

47、icevidencedoeslittletosupporttheidea.GoingbacktotheAmericaofthe1910s,wefindthatpeoplewerethinnerthantoday,yettheyatemorefood.Inthosedayspeopleworkedharderphysically,walkedmore,usedmachinesmuchlessanddidn'twatchtelevision.Severalmodernstudies,moreover,haveshownthatfatterpeopledonoteatmoreonaverag

48、ethanthinnerpeople.Infact,someinvestigations,suchasthe1979studyof3,545Londonofficeworkers,reportthat,onbalance,fatpeopleeatlessthanslimmerpeople.Studiesshowthatslimpeoplearemoreactivethanfatpeople.AstudybyaresearchgroupatStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicinefoundthefollowinginterestingfacts:Themorethem

49、enrun,themorebodyfattheylost.Themoretheyran,thegreateramountoffoodtheyate.Thus,thosewhorunthemostatethemost,yetlostthegreatestamountofbodyfat.1. ThephysicalproblemthatmanyadultAmericanshaveisthat.A. theyaretooslimB. theyworktoohardC. theyaretoofatD. theylosetoomuchbodyfat2. Accordingtothearticle,giv

50、en500adultAmericans,willhaveaweightproblem.A.30B.50C.100D.1503. IsthereanyscientificevidencetosupportthateatingtoomuchisthecauseofaweightproblemA. Yes,thereisplentyofevidence.B. Ofcourse,thereissomeevidencetoshowthisistrue.C. Thereishardlyanyscientificevidencetosupportthat.D. Wedon'tknowbecauset

51、heinformationisnotgiven.4. IncomparisonwiththeadultAmericanpopulationtoday,theAmericansofthe1910sA. atemorefoodandhadmorephysicalactivities.B. atelessfoodbuthadmoreactivitiesC. atelessfoodandhadlessphysicalexerciseD. hadmoreweightproblems5. Modernscientificresearchershavereportedtousthat.A. fatpeopl

52、eeatlessfoodandarelessactiveB. fatpeopleeatmorefoodthanslimpeopleandaremoreactiveC. fatpeopleeatmorefoodthanslimpeoplebutarelessactiveD. thinpeoplerunless,buthavegreaterincreaseinfoodintakePassage9Massmedia,thetoolsofcommunication,canbedividedintotwogroups:printmediaandelectronicmedia.Byprintmedia,w

53、emeanbooks,newspapersandmagazines.Electronicmediaincludetelevision,computer,radioandmovie.Massmediaallowustorecordandpassinformationrapidlytoalarge,scatteredaudience.Theyextendourabilitytotalktoeachotherbyhelpingusovercomebarrierscausebytimeandspace.Massmediamakedailylifeeasierforusinvariousways.Fir

54、stly,theyhelpuskeepawatchonourworld.Theygatherandpassoninformationwewouldbeunlikelyorunabletoobtainonourown.Secondly,massmediahelpusarrangeourtimeandlife.Whatwetalkaboutandwhatwethinkaboutaregreatlyinfluencedbythemedia.Whenpeoplegettogether,theytendtotalkaboutcertainhappeningsinnewspapersoronTV.Beca

55、useweareexposedtodifferentpointsofviewthroughdifferentkindsofmediaeveryday,weareabletoevaluateallsidesofacertainissue.Thirdly,themediaareusedtopersuadepeople.Newspapers,magazinesandTVarefilledwithallkindsofcolorful,persuasiveadvertisements.Thoughmanyadvertisementsmaynotsayopenlythattheywantyoutobuya

56、certainproduct,theydescribetheirproductsinsuchawaythatyoumaywanttobuythem.Fourthly,themediaalsoentertain.Allmediamakeeffortstoentertaintheiraudience.Forinstance,eventhoughthenewspaperisaprimemediumofinformation,italsocontainsentertainmentfeatures.Television,motionpicture,someradiostationsandmagazine

57、saredevotedmainlytoentertainment.Itisestimatedthatinthefuture,theentertainmentfunctionofmassmediawillbecomeevenmoreimportantthanitisnow.1.WhatmakesitpossibleforpeoplelivingindifferentplacestocommunicatewitheachotherA.Printedmedia.B.Massmedia.C.Electronicmedia.D.Computers.2. Whichofthefollowingfuncti

58、onsofmassmediaisNOTmentionedA. Tomakepeoplewellinformedabouttheworld.B. Toamuseandentertainpeople.C. Tohelppeoplearrangetheirtimeandlife.D. Togivepeopleasenseofhonor.3. CertainmattersinnewspapersoronTVtendtobetalkedaboutwhenpeoplegettogetherbecause.A. peoplearecuriousaboutthemB. peopleareinfluencedbythosemassmediaC. itisfashionableforpeopletodosoD. itiseasyforpeopletocommunicateinthisway4. Howdoesadvertisementmakepeoplepurchasecertaingoodsaccordingtothepassa