人教新课标选修六Unit1Art-Grammar[语法课件]

1、GrammarSubjunctive Mood (I)虚拟语气虚拟语气一一. 语气的分类语气的分类1.陈述语气陈述语气(The indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实用来陈述一个事实,或提出或提出一种看法一种看法,有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace!2.祈使语气祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等命令，警

2、告或劝告等. Lets have a talk. Dont jump in the queue.英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气陈述语气,祈使语气和祈使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气.不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。3.虚拟语气虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是表示说话人所说的话不是事实事实,而是一中假设而是一中假设,愿望，怀疑或推测愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于虚拟语气主要用于if条条件状语从句件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等也可用于名词性从句等.If I were you,I

3、would not leave her alone.If it were to rain tomorrow, they If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the match.Our teacher suggested that we go to lab this afternoon.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法条件句中的用法虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法虚拟语气其他的用法虚拟语气其他的用法Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法条件句中的用法1在

4、非真实性条件句与主句中的用法 1）表示与现在事实相反）表示与现在事实相反 条件从句 主句 一般过去时一般过去时 （bebe多用于多用于werewere） would/should/could/might动词原形动词原形例如：例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation. 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。如果我有空，我就去那儿。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法条件句中的用法1在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法 2）与过去事实相反与

5、过去事实相反 条件从句 主句 过去完成时过去完成时 would/should/could/mighthave done 例如：例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn t have missed the bus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法条件句中的用法1在非真实性条

6、件句与主句中的用法 3）与与将来事实可能相反将来事实可能相反 条件从句 主句 一般过去时（一般过去时（be多用多用were）should do,were to do would/should/could/might动词原形动词原形 例如：例如：If he were to come, what should we say to him. 假如他来了假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？我们对他说什么呢？ If he should see me, he would know me. 假如他看见我假如他看见我, 就会认识我。就会认识我。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法条件句中的用法2) if的省略

7、的省略 如果条件句中有如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将等助动词，可将if省略，而把省略，而把were,had或或should置于句首置于句首,来表达以来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。引导的条件句的相同意思。例如例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法3)含蓄条件句与主句含蓄条件句与主句

8、. 即用即用without(but for),or(else)代替代替if从句。从句。例如：例如：Without/But for his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.If there hadnt been/we hadnt got his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.虚拟语气高考链接虚拟语气高考链接1.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday? I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET) A.

9、had B.would C.was going to D.did析析: :此题此题A A、D D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B B选项若为选项若为would havewould have则成立，可以理解为则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I I would have come if I hadnhadnt t had an unexpected visitor. had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是的简略式。但此处是would,would,故应排除。只有故应排除。只有was going towas

10、going to可得体地表达可得体地表达“我原本打我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。这一意思。 2.If there were no subjunctive, English_ much easier. (NMET) A. will be B. would have been C.could have been D.would be析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为故答案为D D。 虚拟语气高考链接虚拟语气高考链接3. The guard at the gate insi

11、sted that everybody _ the rules. (NMET) A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey析：根据析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可形式规律，可定正确答案是定正确答案是B。虚拟语气高考链接虚拟语气高考链接4. I wish I _ you yesterday. A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C C。 5. Without electri

12、city human life _ quite different today. (NMET) A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 析：析：withoutwithout引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D D。 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _. (NMET) A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had

13、 been broken析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时是与现在的事实相反，这时as ifas if从句谓语要用一般过去时，从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为故答案为C C。 虚拟语气高考链接虚拟语气高考链接7. _ it _ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress.A. Had; not been B. Should; not be C. Did; not be D. Not; be析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your helpIf it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）（要不是你帮忙的话）句型