非谓语的用法总结

1、非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。一作主语（动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being,动名词做主语谓语动词用单数）1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危险。（泛指玩火）Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous

2、玩火会发生危险。2）用动名词做主语的句型：Itsnouse/no/pdeidsuredoingsth故没有用处/好处/乐趣Itsawasteoftimedoing做th浪费时间Itisworthdoingsth值得做某事Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收Itisworthmakinganappointmentbeforeyoug去之前预约一下是值得的。3）不定式做主语的句型.Itis+adj+forsbtodosth.比较：表示人的品质时只能用ofsb如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/cl

3、ever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wio单词出现时。Itissillyofyoutosayso.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Itisamust/anecessityforustohaveagoodcommandoftheEnglishlanguage.4) “Wh-+to不定式”可做主语。女口：Whentoleavehasritbeendecidedye什么时候动身还没定呢。Whethertodriveortakethetrainsstillaproblem是

4、自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:Seeingisbelieving.=ToseeistobelieVI见为实。Plantingflowersneedsconstantwatering.但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致,谓语一般用单数）。如：Lyingandstealingareimmoral说谎与盗窃是不道德的。6）动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。女口：Whatmadehimangry?Marys/My/His/He/Their/Theboys/Thepresid

5、ent(isartengiiatingry.过去分词不能单独做主语，前面必须加上being构成动名词，做主语。如：Being_exposed_to_the_s|unharmfultotheskinBeingexaminedtwiceayeawetheritisacar,abusoratrjck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity经典练习：7)1. Itsimportantforthefigures(update)regularly.2. Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhensitbet

6、ter(remain)silent.3. Itsreallystupidofyou(tell)himthenewsyesterdaysoithasbeendisturbinghimallthetime.4. (understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.5. (worry)aboutyourgradesdodsnhelp.6. Theenginejustwontstart.Somethingseems(go)wrongwithit.参

7、考答案：1.toupdate2.toremain3.tohavetold4.understanding5.worrying6.togo改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误1. Itsstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisoneemployasecurityofficer.2. Hearhowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.3. Knowbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.4. Dowellinan

8、interviewwillbeanimportantpartofgettingaplaceatuniversity.5. Hetolduswhetherhaveapicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.6. Howpreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.参考答案：1.在employ前加to2.Hear改为Hearing3.Know改为Knowing4. Do改为Doing5.have前加to6.prevent前加to.二作定语1) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式

9、后面需要有相应的介词，如：TheBrownshaveacomfortablehouselivein2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：a. 不定式表将来如：Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,anytheonly等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系，女口：Hewasthebestmartodothejob.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而它们也常跟不定式做定语，常见的有：promise,plan,attem

10、pt,offer,decision,refusal,failure,ability,chance,warning,anxiety,eagerness,willingness,readineSSIdonttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.Hesaidhehadnoplantogothere.Hemadeanattempttostandup.Birdssingingissometimesawarningtootherbirdstostayaway.3) 前置定语：V+ing可以表示正在进行，也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请区别下面短语：theboiling/

11、boiledwater.正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水(表完成)agood-lookingflower.一朵好看的花儿(表特征)thedevelopingcountries/thedevelopedcountrie发展中国家/发达国家thefallingleaves/thefallenleave正在下落的叶子/落叶theremainingmoney/themoneyle剩下的钱注意：英语中有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人感到.的”，过去分词形式表示“感到.的”如:anexcitingvoice一个令人兴奋的声音anexcitedvoice一个兴奋的声音apuzzlingexpre

12、ssion个令人困惑的表情apuzzledexpression一个困惑的表情4) 区别下列后置定语的用法：厂tobedone表示被动、将来；done表示被动、完成；Sbeingdone表示被动、正在进行；v+ing表示主动；动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/feel/smell/loo和变化系动词就只有用V+ing形式。HaveyoureadthenoveWrittenbyDickens?Listen!Thesongbeingsungsverypopularwithstudents.Thequestiortobediscussedtomor

13、rowsmeetingisaveryimportantone.Thefoodtastingdeliciousellswell.注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来，不表目的；havingdong或者havingbeendone般用在状语中，不可以做后置定语，过去分词本身就表被动和完成。请完成下面的练习1. Therearemanypeople(wait)outsidethehall.2. Therearemanyproblems(remain)tobesolved.3. Theflowers(smell)sweetattractalotofpeople.4. Therearemanypeople

14、(invite)totheparty.5. Thefilm,(set)inthelEcentury,wonthemedal.6. Themeeting(hold)nowisofgreatimportanee.7. Themeeting(hold)yesterdaywasofgreatimportanee.8. Themeeting(hold)tomorrowisofgreatimportanee.9. Heisalwaysthefirst(come)andthelast(leave)10. Heistheonlyperson(know)thetruth.11. Hewasthebest(do)

15、thejob.13. Agreatnumberofstudents(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.14. Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletter(offer)ittohim.15. Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope(provide)16. Birdssingingissometimesawarningtootherbirds(stay)away.17. Theroo

16、misemptyexceptforabookshelf(stanc)inonecorner.18. LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail(wait)forher.19. Theymightjusthaveaplace(leave)onthewritingcotwhydontyougiveitatry?20. InsomeIanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords(use)indailyconversations.21. Volunteeringgivesyouach

17、anee（change）lives,includingyourown.参考答案：1.vided16.tostay17.standing18.waiting19.lef20.used21.toleave22.tochange三.作表语（不定式/动名词/过去分词都可以做表语）1. 动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的

18、行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作例如：比较下列区别Hisfavoritesportisswimming.泛指游泳）Yourtasktodayistowashthecurtain指一次具体的工作）2-.excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/t感d1!exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/tiri令人Heismovedbythemovingmovie.Thefilmism

19、oving.Itisapleasanttrip.（pleasant做前置定语）Thetripispleasing/pleasing做表语）3. 注意下歹卩表达方式：Mybagismissing/lost/gone.Ifindmybagmissing/lost/gone.4. remain的表语1）remaintobedone仍需去做/有待于Oneproblemremianstobesolved.Itremianstobeseewhethertheoperationwassuccessful.2）remain做仍然是”讲时，可用名词，adj,介词，现在分词或者过去分词作表语Heremaineds

20、tuck滞留）abroadPeterbecameamanager,butJaemainedaworker.Whateverachievementsyouvemade,yemahouihobdest.无论你取得多么大的成就，你都该保持谦虚。Hehadtoremaininhospitauntilhewasbetter他不得不一直住院直到身体好些。Thissolidstonesquaretowerhaptemainedstandingoronethousandyears.Theguestscamein,butshemainedsitting/seateatthedeskreadin客人们都来了，但她

21、还坐在写字台旁读书。Asbefore,heremainedunmoved他和以往一样无动于衷。注意：1）用作不及物动词，意思是剩下；剩余；遗留”，此时不能用进行时态，也没有被动语态。Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofhishouse火灾过后，他的家所剩无几。2）remaining是形容词，意为剩余的，常作前置定语；而left则只能作后置定语。例如:Therearestillsomeappleslefts剩余一些苹果。Iboughtagiftforherwiththeremainingmoney我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物。3）remain作名词时表示剩余物”一般

22、用其复数形式。例如：ThearcheologistsfoundsomeremainsoftheSongDyn考古学家发现了一些宋代遗迹。5. 1）主语+seem+（tobe）+表语，表语多为名词或形容词Tomseems（tobe）averycleverbo汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。Themanoverthereseemstobeanewteac那边的那个人看上去像一个新老2）主语+seemtodosthbedoingsthhavedonesthMrs.Greendoesnts或seemsnot）toliketheide格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。Thechildrenseemedtob

23、eeatingsomethingintheroc孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。Theyoungmanseemedtohavechangedmu这个年轻人看起来变化很大。6. 当不定式用作表语时，其中的to原则上是不能省略的。如：Hisaimistodotwoyears他的目标标是一年干两年的工作。但有一种例外，那就是当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略to。如：Whatyoufirstdois（to）mixtheeggwithflour你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。AllIdidwas（to）touchthewindow,anditbroke我只不过碰了一下窗户，玻璃就碎了经典

24、练习1. Myworryisyour（rely）toomuchonyourparents.2. Pleaseremain（seat）;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.3. Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying（connect）答案：1.relying2.seated3.connected四.作宾语（不定式和动名词都可以作宾语）1. 只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语考虑、建议和原谅，承认、推迟没得想像避免、继续练，否认完成

25、停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡consider（考虑）；advise/suggest/propose/recomme建议）；excuse/pardoi原谅）；admit/acknowledge承认）；delay/postpone/puto推迟）;imagine/fancy想像）；avoid（避免）；practise（练习）；deny（否认）;finish（完成）;appreciate/acknowledg感谢）;forbid禁止）;mind（介意）;escape逃脱）；此外，这些动词也跟动名词：miss（错过）；enjoy（享受）；risk冒险）；tolerate/bear/stand/putupwi

26、th（容忍）；quit（停止）advocate提倡）；resist（抵制）understand理解）；allow/permit允许）短语：feellikedoingst（喜欢做某事；giveupdoing放弃做某事）;keepdoing不停的做某事）;bebusydoingsthpanthedgingsth（情不自禁）；beworthdoingsth值得做某事）；havedifficulty/troubledoingsth（.有困难/麻烦）;haveahard/goodtimedoings做.很开心/不开心;havefundoingsth做.很开心succeedindoingst成功做某事句型

27、：Itisnouse/good/pleasuredoing做h.没有用处/好处/乐趣Thereisnopointindoingsth=Thereisnoneedtodos没必要做某事Itsawasteoftimedoings做.浪费时间Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth=beworthytobedone=beworthyofbeingdone=beworthdoingsth值得做某事2. 只能用不定式作宾语的动词决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,

28、manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help,（afford,strive,happen,wait,threa诀之外的单词）ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehfeturnedupyet.3. forgetgoonmean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。forgettodosthforgetdoingsthgoontodosthgoondoing

29、sthmeantodosthmeandoingsthregrettosay/tell/inform/announceregretdoingsth/havingdoneremembertodosthrememberdoingsthstoptodosthstopdoingsthtrytodosthtrydoingsthcanthelp（to）dosthhelpdoingsthcanthelpbutdosth=cabutdosthsbusedtodosthsbbeusedtodoingsthsthbeusedtodosthbeafraidtodostl不敢做某事beafraidofdoingst担心

30、发生某事besuretodost一定会.besureofdoingst!信会.LetsgoonstudyingLesson（让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）LetsgoontostudyLesson6让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）Irememberdoingtheexercise.（我记得做过练习。）Imustremembertodoit.（我必须记着做这事。）Itriednottogothere.（我设法不去那里。）Itrieddoingitagain.（我试着又干了一次。）Stopspeaking.（不要讲话。）Hestoppedtotalk.（他停下来讲话。）I

31、meantocomeearlytoday.（我打算今天早些来。）Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）4. 在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：allow/advise/forbid/permitsbtodosthallow/advise/forbid/permitdoingsthWedontallowsmokinghere.Wedontallowstudentstosmoke.动词needrequire,wan

32、t作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。beworth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。Sth|need/want/requiredoing/tobedone需要.Sthbeworthdoing值得.deservetobedone/doing.值得.Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning/tobecleaned.Hermethodisworthtrying.Theseproposalsdeserveconsidering/tobeconside这些建议应该被考虑。5. to为介

33、词的短语devoteoneself/ontimeto把巴贡献给.）;lookforwardto期望）;payattentionto注意）;attachimportaneeto重视）;beused/accustomedt习惯于做某事）;whenitcomesto当谈至U做某事）;getdownto（着手）;preferdoingsthtodoingsth喜欢而不喜欢；turntodoingsth转向）;thanksto多亏）；leadto导致）;thekeytodoingsth（做某事的关键）;objectto/beopposedt反对）;contributeto（有助于）;beaddicted

34、todoingst沉湎于；对.上瘾）;makecontributionsto对做出贡献）;dueto（由于）；applyoneselfto致力于）;stickto（坚持）；comecloseto（接近于）等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.6. 不定式做动词（词组）tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,findout等的宾语时，前面常常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等，但是why后

35、加不带to的不定式。Heshowedushowtodothework=Heshowedushowweshoulddothework.Idonknowwhattodo=IdontknowwhatIshoulddo.WemustdecidewhethertostayorgWemustdecidewhetherwellstayorgo.Canyoutellmewhydoit?7在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。Iloveswimming.Ilovetoswimtoday.8.start,

36、begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。Itstartedtosnow.Heisbeginningtocookdinner.Ibegantounderstandwhathemeant.典型例题1. Davidthreatened（report）hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.2. Hechose（keep）silentwhenaskedwhy.3. Hevolunteered（help）thevictimsintheearthquake.4. Wheneveryouareintrouble,donth

37、esitate（ask）meforhelp.5. Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed（repair）.6. CanIsmokehere?Sorry.Wedontallow（smoke）here.7. IheartheyvepromotedTom,buthedidntmention（promote）whenwetalkedonthe8. Billsuggested（hold）ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.9. Ireallya

38、ppreciate（have）timetoholidaywithyouonthisniceisland.10. Icanhardlyimagineher(marry)suchamenasLee.11. Itsquitehottoday.Doyoufeell_ik_e_(_go)foraswim?12. Thefilmstarwearssunglass.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout(recognize).13. Theyarequiet,arentthey?Yes,theyareaccustomedtonottalkatmeals.14. HowcanIaff

39、ordtoflytoAmericawhenIcanonlyearn800Yuanamonth.15. Wouldyoumindturndownyourradioalittle,please?16. Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedcaught.17. Hepracticedplayingthepianoeverymorning.18. Heriskedlosinghislifeinordertosavethedrowninggirl.19. Hewasconsideringchangedhismind.20. Hewasconsideredtobevery

40、rich.21. Dontworry.Wecanmanagetohelpyouout.22. Iwasadvisedtoquitthejobandtryanewone.23. Wevehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstobedonetoachievesuthcecefisnsa.l24. Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandcorrectthem.25. ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangYanIslandtopreventChinesefishing

41、boatsfromattackedintheSouthChinaSea.26. Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandhavingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.27. Whenitcomestospeakinpublic,noonecanmatchhim.28. Lydiadoesntfeellikestudyabroad.Herparentsareold.29. Ireallyregret(inform)youthatyouhavefailedtopasstheexam.30. Hetried(

42、persuade)hertoaccepttheirincitation,butinvain.31. Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.32. IstillremembertakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.33. Nooneansweredthefrontdoor,soItriedknockingatthebackdoor.34. ImafraidIcanthelppaintingthehousethisafternoon.35. Icould

43、ntchoosebuttoaccepthisinvitation.36. Imsorry.Ididntmeanhurtyou.37. NowthatwehavefinihedExerciseI,letsgoontoUdoExercise38. Icouldnthelpbutadmiringhimforhiscourage.39. Oh,mygoodness!Iforgottolockthedoorlastnight.Isthereanythingmissing?40. Iforgotpaidalready,soIwenttomybossagain.41. Thecompetitorneverd

44、reamedofthere(be)achanceforhimtowinthefirstprizeinthe100meterrace.42. Haveyouheardofmysister(win)thecontest?43. ThedoctordoesnotmindIeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.44. Shedidntminodohkesrtabkenawayandusedbyotherstudents.45. IinsistonMarygothere.46. Iknewnothingaboutthewindowwasopen.47. Heleftthecityw

45、ithoutourknowit.答案：1. toreport2.tokeep3.tohelp4.toask5.repairing6.smoking7.havingbeenpromoted8.holding9.having10.marrying11.going12.beingrecognized13.ta改为taking14正确15.turn改为turning16.caught前加being17正确18.正确19.changec改为changing20正确21.正确22正确23正确24.correct改为correcting25.attecke前力口being26.having改为being27

46、.spea改为speaking28.stud改为studying29.toinform30.topersuade正确32.taken前加being33正确34.painting改为paint35去掉to36正确37正确38.admiring39正确40.paid前加being41.being42.winning43改为my或me44.taken前加being45.go改为going,或去掉on46.was改为being47.know改为knowing五作状语不定式分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，不定式表示目的，动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。（一）不定式作状语1

47、. 不定式作目的状语Inorderto可以放在句首，也可以放在句中；soasto只能放于句中，inorderto和soasto放于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。Tocatchtheearlybus/Inordertocatchtheearlybus,hegetsupearly.=Hegetsupearlytocatchtheearlybus.Bobtookdownmytelephonenumbersoas/inordernottoforgetit.=Inordernottoforgetit,Bobtookdownmytelephonenumber.2. 不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式

48、中：so+adj+astodosth;such+n+astodosth;enoughtodosth;too-.to;Onlytodosth表示不定式出乎意料的结果。Imnotsostupidastowriteitdown.=hnotsuchafoolastowriteitdown.Heiscleverenoughtobefitforthejob.Janearrivedatthestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.比较：Hedied,leavingonlydebts动名词表示自然而然的结果）ImtootiredtostayupIonger.注意：onlytoot

49、o结构中，并非是太.而不能.之意，而表示非常.”这样搭配的形容词有：pleased,ready,willing,glad,happ等。Imonlytoogladtohavepassedtheexam试及格了，我非常高兴。Imtoowillingtohelpyou.3. 不定式作原因状语当这些形容词light,heavy,hard/difficult,easy,comfortable,pleasant,dangerousimpossible,interestingnice等出现时要用主动表被动。Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.Thisbookisdifficulttound

50、erstand.（二）分词做状语分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等，为了强调，可以与while,when,once,if,unles等连词连用。(not)V+ing表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系V+ed表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系Y(not)havingdone表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前(not)havingbeendon表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前1. When(offer)help,oneoftensayihankyouorItkindofyou.2. (Separate)fromother

51、continentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.3. Generallyspeaking,if(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.4. Heglaneedather,(note)thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywell.5. Theteachercameintothelab,(follow)bysomestudents.6. (tell)man

52、ytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.7. Not(receive)herletter,hewroteagain.参考答案：l.offered2.Separated3.taken4.noting5.followed6.Havingbeentold7. havingreceived(三) 独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generallyspeaking一般来说strictly/honestly/franklyspeaking严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲considering/given/taking

53、intoconsideration考虑至Ujudgingfrom/by根据.判断comparedwith/to与.相比provided/providing/suppose/supposing/assumingtobefrank/totellyouthetruth/tobehones坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说Tomakethings/thematterwors更为糟糕的是seeingthat鉴于Consideringhisage,heisquitetall.Judgingfromhislook,hedidnagreewithyouatall.Ilostmywayincompletedarkne

54、ssand,tomakethingsworse,itbegantorain.Totellyouthetruth,Iamalittletired.练习：1) .(sleep)lateinthemorning,heturnedoffthe玄怡!.2) .(see)fromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.3) .(see)thesunsetfromthehill,hefeltrelaxed.4) .(clean)thedesks,webeganreading.5) .(surround)foramonth,theenemyhadtogivein.6) .(lose

55、)inthewoods,hefinallysavedbythepolice.7) .Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoor(lock).8) .Withwinter(come)onitstimetobuywarmclothes.9) .Icantgooutwithallthesedishes(wash).10) .Andersonwaslyingonthebedwiththewindow(open).11) .Hestoodtherewithhiseyes(fix)onthewall.12) .Hefeltrelaxed,withhiswork(do).13) .

56、Hefeltanxious,withalotofwork(do)参考答案：1)tosleep;2)seen;3)seeing;4)Havingcleaned;5)havingbeensurrounded;6)lost7)locked8)coming9)towash10)open11).fixed12)done13)todo总结状语从句的做题方法：.(四) 独立主格非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该和句子主语保持一致。但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中做状语，我们称之为独立主格。它的结构特点是：独立主格中的状语有自己独立的主语，与主句的主语不同，前后主语不一致；在独立

57、主格中的状语中，不定式表示还未作，过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动独立主格结构一般都有逗号与主句分开。独立主格的结构为：(with)主语+V+ing/v+ed/todosth/adj介词结构/副词1) .名词庄格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：Thegirlstaringathim(=asthegirlstaredathim),hedlidfamowwhattosay.=Withthegirlstaringathim,hedicdnknowwhattosay.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。Timepermitting(=iftimepermits),wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.如2) .名词庄格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系