非谓语动词的区别(高二版.ppt)

1、 如何区分动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语？ 主要根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的关系来主要根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的关系来决定。决定。 1. 如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是被动关系如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是被动关系或表动作已完成。就用过去分词。或表动作已完成。就用过去分词。 The book _ (write) by the peasant is interesting.2. 1) 如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主谓如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，而且表示动作正在进行就用现在分词关系，而且表示动作正在进行就用现在分词的一般式（的一般式（doing) Did you see

2、the girl _ (dance) with your brotherwritten dancing2) 如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示动作正在进行就用现在分词的被动式（动作正在进行就用现在分词的被动式（being done)。例如：。例如： The house being decorated now is mine.3.动词不定式作定语，表示动词不定式作定语，表示“将来将来”的意义。的意义。1）不定式与被修饰词之间虽然是动宾关系，但如果）不定式与被修饰词之间虽然是动宾关系，但如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，就用不定式的不定式的逻

3、辑主语是句子的主语时，就用不定式的主动形式（主动形式（to do)。 I have a letter to type.2 不定式与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示即将进行不定式与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示即将进行的动作就用动词不定式的被动式（的动作就用动词不定式的被动式（to be done)。 The house to be repaired next month will be mine.练习：练习： 用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。1) The house_ (build) last year is my uncles house.2) The building_ (bui

4、ld) next year will be the teaching building.3) The building_ (build) now will be the lab building. built to be built being built 现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别：现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别：1. 现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质和特征，含有现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质和特征，含有“令人令人的的” 之意，主语与表语之间是主动关系。之意，主语与表语之间是主动关系。主语一般是物。主语一般是物。例如：例如： 1) The story sounds interesting.

5、 2) The news was disappointing.2. 过去分词作表语时一般置于过去分词作表语时一般置于be, get, become, look, sound, feel remain等系动词的后面，表示主语所处等系动词的后面，表示主语所处的状态或感受的状态或感受, 在逻辑上与主语有被动关系，在逻辑上与主语有被动关系， 例如：例如： 1） I was pleased at the news. 2）The door remained locked 3）He looked very excited.英语中有许多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表英语中有许多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在

6、分词表示示“令人令人”,主语一般是物；主语一般是物；其过去分词表示其过去分词表示 “(人人)感到感到”，主语多为人。主语多为人。1）The book is very _, so I am very _ in it. (interest)2) All the people were _ about the _ news. (excite)3) From his _ look on his face, the price of the meat must have risen. (disappoint)4) I am _ of the baby, because he cries all the

7、time. He is so_ (tire) .interesting interestedexcitedexcitingdisappointedtiredtiring 5. The boy looked up with a _ (please) expression. 注意：用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到注意：用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 pleased动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区动词不定式、现在分

8、词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：别：现在分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语。 宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语是现在分词动作的执行者）。而且表示动作正在进是现在分词动作的执行者）。而且表示动作正在进行，就用现在分词作宾语补足语行，就用现在分词作宾语补足语2. 动词不定式作宾语补足语。动词不定式作宾语补足语。 宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语是动词不定式动作的执行者）。不表示动作正在进是动词不定式动作的执行者）。不表示动作正在进行行,只表示动作的全过程只表示动作的全过程,就用动词不

9、定式作宾语补就用动词不定式作宾语补足语。足语。3.过去分词作宾语补足语。过去分词作宾语补足语。 宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着动宾关系（即宾语宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着动宾关系（即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者）。就用过去分词作宾语是过去分词动作的承受者）。就用过去分词作宾语补足语。补足语。1) He got his sister _ (work) a letter for him. 2) Our teachers have us _ (do) our homework every day.3) The boss made his workers _ (work) twelve hours a d

10、ay.4) He had his sister _ (write) a letter for him.5) I saw his brother _ (get) in a car.to writedowork writeget 6) I had that door _ (paint) only last week. 7) A week ago I had a hundred dollars _ (save) 8) We have your medicine _ (prepare) now. Please take it.9) I raised my voice to make myself _

11、(hear).10) Dont let the light in your room _ (burn) all night long.11) We can hear the windows _ (beat) by the heavy rain drops.12) I want the suit _ (make) to his own measure.paintedsavedpreparedheardburningbeatenmade13) The boss made the workers _ (work) all night long.14) The workers had the mach

12、ine _ ( turn) all day. 15) He got his sister _ (post) the letter for him.16) When the husband returned, he noticed her hair _ (cut)。17) The weavers had the light _ ( burn) all day and all night. working turning to post cut burning3. 过去分词、现在分词作状语的区别：过去分词、现在分词作状语的区别：根据分词与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系来根据分词与逻辑主语（即句子的

13、主语）的关系来决定两种分词的选择。决定两种分词的选择。 如果如果分词的动作是由句子的主语发出的，分词的动作是由句子的主语发出的， 那么那么 主语与分词所表示的动作是主谓关系，就用主语与分词所表示的动作是主谓关系，就用现在现在分词的一般式分词的一般式doing或或现在分词的完成式现在分词的完成式having done 。例如：例如：1) Comparing the new building with the old one, we find that the new one looks more beautiful. 2) Having finished my homework, I went

14、home. 若分词的动作不若分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的，分词所是由句子的主语发出的，分词所表示的动作表示的动作与主语是与主语是动宾关系动宾关系（即是该分词动作的（即是该分词动作的承受者），则用过去分词承受者），则用过去分词(done)或用或用现在分词完成现在分词完成被动式被动式having been done 但要注意，但要注意，having been done 是强调一个被动是强调一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前。的动作发生在谓语动词之前。过去分词过去分词done表被动，表被动，表示动作已完成，但没有强调发生在谓语动词之前。表示动作已完成，但没有强调发生在谓语动词之前。 Compare

15、d with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful. 2) Seen from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.3) Having been told many times, he couldnt understand it. 3）_ (light) a candle, she went out. 4）_ (hear) this, the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction.5) _ ( show) the labs, we were

16、 taken to see the library.6) When _ (heat), water can be changed into steam.7) _ (ask) to stay, I couldnt very well leave. 人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。 Having litHaving heardHaving been shownheatedHaving been asked1) _ ( see) from the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful.2) Once _ (publi

17、sh), this dictionary will be very popular.3) _ ( give ) more time, we could do it much better.4) _ ( pay) more attention, the child will be happier.5) _ (choke) by heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. . Seen published Given Paid Choked6) The woman scientist entered the lab, _ ( follow) by her assis

18、tants. 7) _ (be) ill, she didnt go the school today.8) _ (see) nobody at home, I decided to come again.9) Not _ ( know) her telephone number, I couldnt ring her up.10) Not _ （receive） an answer, I wrote to him again. followed Being Seeing knowing having received11) _ ( tell) that it was going to sno

19、w, that climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest peak.12)_ ( hear) the good news, he jumped with joy.13) _ (walk) in the street, I saw a friend of mine. 14) He sat at the table_ (read) China Daily.15) _ （laugh）and _ (talk), they went into the room.16) Please fill in this form, _ (giv

20、e) your name, address, etc. Having been told HearingWalking reading Laughing talking giving17) Her mother died in 1979, _ (leave) her with four younger brothers and sisters.18) The child fell, _ ( strike) his head against the door and cutting it.19) _ ( turn) to the right, you will find the place yo

21、u find.20) _ (work) hard, you will succeed. leaving striking Turning Working 过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别：过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别： 1. 及物动词的过去分词没有完成式，它有及物动词的过去分词没有完成式，它有“完成完成”和和“被动被动”的含义，但却没有强调该动作发生在谓语动词的含义，但却没有强调该动作发生在谓语动词前。它有时可以用现在分词完成被动式去替换。前。它有时可以用现在分词完成被动式去替换。 eg: The bridge had been weakened by successive storm

22、s and was no longer safe .= Weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe. = Having been weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe. 这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后，己经不安全这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后，己经不安全了。了。 2.现在分词完成被动式：强调分词表示的动作发现在分词完成被动式：强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。（强调动作发生在先）生在谓语动词之前。（强调动作发生在先） eg

23、: Having been warned about the bandits, he left his valuables at home。 当警告有强盗出没时，他就把贵重物品留在家当警告有强盗出没时，他就把贵重物品留在家里。里。 _ (tell) many times, he still couldnt understand. _ (give) a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.3) _ (give) a satisfactory operation, the doctor be

24、lieved the patient would recover from his illness very soon.Having been toldHaving been givenHaving given3. 通常过去分词可作定语使用，而现在分词完通常过去分词可作定语使用，而现在分词完成被动式却不能用作成被动式却不能用作定语。定语。 eg:1) The computer centre, opened last year， is very popular among the students in this school. (MET 93) 去年开办的计算机中心很受学生的欢迎。去年开办的计

25、算机中心很受学生的欢迎。 (过去分词既能表示被动又有完成的含义过去分词既能表示被动又有完成的含义) 2) The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET94) 作为外语的英语教科书早在十六世纪就已经出作为外语的英语教科书早在十六世纪就已经出版了。版了。 3) Most of the artists invited to the party were from south America (MET 90) 应邀参加舞会的大多数艺术家

26、都来自南美。应邀参加舞会的大多数艺术家都来自南美。 1. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (2008陕西卷陕西卷) A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show高考链接高考链接C 2. _ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. (07浙江卷浙江卷) A.

27、 Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having drivenA _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.2. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. open B. opening C. having opened D. openedI.单项选择单项选择A D 3.

28、 The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written4. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose D C 5. _ such heavy pollution already

29、, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 6. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begunA D 7. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the

30、 United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding8. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completedC A 9. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. boug

31、ht C. been bought D. buying10. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. knownB D 11. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited

32、12. Friendship is like money: easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. having keptA A 13. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring14. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To

33、give C. Giving D. GivenA D . Fill in the blanks. _ (污染的污染的) air and water are harmful to peoples health.2. The problem _ (在会议在会议 上讨论的上讨论的) yesterday was very difficult to solve.3. He became _ (兴奋兴奋) when he heard the news that he had won the first place in the competition.4. I am _ (感兴趣感兴趣) in the s

34、tory.5. I havent got the film _ (冲洗冲洗) yet. 6. Do you know the man _ (站站) beside the door?Polluteddiscussed at the meetingexcitedinteresteddevelopedstanding He came back with a basket filling with eggs filling 改为改为filled2. A breaking cup is lying on the floor. breaking 改为改为 broken3. The meeting hold

35、s yesterday was very important. holds 改为改为 held. 改错改错4. Giving more time, I would do it better. Giving 改为改为 Given5. Deeply moving by his words, the old man agreed to his request. moving 改为改为 moved6. Seen his mother coming, the child was very happy. Seen 改为改为 Seeing 7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tying behind his back. tying 改为改为 tied. 用分词改写下列从句。用分词改写下列从句。1. While he was watching TV, he heard a knock at the