2018年高考英语专题三阅读理解第三步题型突破十一版含答案

1、题型突破（十一）文章结构之篇章结构题A（2017盐城三模）OneofthemostpopularEnglish-languagenovelsofthe20thcenturyisalmostunknownintheEnglish-speakingworldaglobalphenomenonintranslation,nowneglectedinitsoriginalform.TheGadfly,byIrishwriterEthelVoynich,wassoldover5millioncopiesin107editionsinthe22languagesspokenintheSovietUnion

2、.Thebookinspiredsevenmusicaladaptations,fivetheatreadaptationsandfivefilmadaptations.Voynich'snovelisathrillingaccountofrevolutionaryenthusiasm,religiousdevotion,clericalbetrayalandromanticlovethephilosopherBertrandRussellcalledit“oneofthemostexcitingnovelsIhaveread”.ItwaspublishedinNewYorkin189

3、7,twoyearsafteritscompletion,asitsEnglishpublisherfearedanegativereactiononereviewercriticizedthebook'sashockingandhorriblecharacter”.AtranslationappearedthefollowingyearinRussia,wherethetsarist（沙皇）authorities'disapprovalonlyenhanceditspopularity.TheGadflyissetinItalyduringtherevolutionaryun

4、restofthe1830sand40s.TheheroisayoungEnglishman,ArthurBurton,whomovestoaCatholicseminary（神学院）afterthedeathofhismother.TherehebecomesdevotedtohisguardianandmentorMontanelli,who,unknowntohim,isalsohisbiologicalfather.InthecompanyofhischildhoodsweetheartGemma,ArthurbecomesinvolvedintheYoungItalymovement

5、fightingAustrianimperialrule.Butheunconsciouslybetrayshiscomrades,afterhisprivateconfession（忏悔）isrelayedtothepolice.Hethendiscovershisfamilysecretandlosesallfaithinthechurch.ArthurpretendshissuicideandescapestoSouthAmericawhereheenduresyearsofsuffering.HereturnstoItalyintheguiseof“TheGadfly”,afearle

6、ssandrespectedrevolutionarywhosetrueidentityismasked.Afterhiscapture,heisvisitedbyMontanelli,nowacardinal（红衣主教），whooffershimalifeline.ButArthur,unforgivinganduncompromising,demandsthathisfatherrejectthechurch.Montanellirefusesandcondemnshissontodeath.Arthur,nowaChrist-likefigure,commandshisowndeathp

7、enalty.AttheCorpusChristimass,Montanellidiesofabrokenheart. .ThenovelgainedpopularityinitiallyinIreland.Yetitwasinthenewly-createdCommuniststatesoftheSovietUnionandChinathatthebookfounditsmostdedicatedreadership.Arthur,aRomantictragichero,wasrepeatedlyvotedRussia'smostpopularliteraryfigure,andas

8、tronautsYuriGagarinandValentinaTereshkova,thefirstmanandwomaninspace,crediteditsinfluence. .Inthe1930s,TheGadflyinspiredanotherbestseller.NikolaiOstrovsky'sHowtheSteelWasTemperedsold35millioncopiesintheSovietUnion.Ostrovsky'ssocialistrealistnovelfeaturesafearlessyoungcommunistwhosuffersdread

9、fullyforhissacrifices,butfindspermanentstrengthintheexampleofTheGadfly,whichhereadstohisfellowcomrades.Voynich'snovelwasreinforcedfurtherbya1955filmadaptationdirectedbyAleksandrFaintsimmer.Itsold39milliontickets. .EthelVoynichhadbeenlivingunknowntothepublic.AndduetoSovietcopyrightlaws,shewasunaw

10、areofherlegendarystatusinRussia.In1956,DemocraticpresidentialcandidateAdlaiStevensonvisitedMoscowtoarrangeforpaymentofherlong-overdueroyalties（版权费）.WhenEtheldiedin1960,shewasmournedinRussiaasanationalhero. .Arthuroffersa“carefulbalanceofemotionwithsteelydetermination”heisaloverandafighter,whichcanbe

11、seeninthe“Knight-errant”（侠客）oftraditionalChinesefolklore.IntheUK,TheGadflyremainsoutofprintandalmostunknown,yetaroundtheworldreadersandwritersstillrevereitsauthor,justasDHLawrence,RebeccaWestandFriedrichEngelsoncedid.Withitsrichreligiousimageryandstirringrevolutionarythemes,TheGadflyhasalastingappea

12、lforloversofhistoricalfiction,anddeservestoberediscoveredinitsoriginallanguage.语篇解读本文主要介绍了文学巨著牛虻的故事情节及其巨大的影响力。1. Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellus?A.Thebackgroundofthenovel.B.ItspopularityintheSovietUnion.C.Anabnormalphenomenonintranslation.D.Theartisticachievementofthenovel.答案B解析段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可

13、知，本段主要介绍的是这部小说在苏联广受欢迎。故选B项。2. WhydoesArthurescapetoSouthAmerica?A.HefailstofightAustrianimperialrule.B.Hecan'ttoleratehisfamily.C. Hedoesn'tsucceedincommittingsuicide.D. Heistobepunishedbythepolice.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Butheunconsciouslybetrayshiscomrades,afterhisprivateconfession（忏悔）isre

14、layedtothepolice."可知，亚瑟在不经意间背叛了他的同伴，之后他的私人忏悔被传到了警方耳中。由此可知，他之所以逃往南美洲是因为他将要被警方惩罚。故选D项。3. Theunderlinedword“revere"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto"”.A.saluteB.pleaseC.imitateD.condemn答案A解析词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段可知，这部小说虽然在英国几乎无人知晓，但世界范围内的其他读者和作家却十分敬重小说的作者。本题做题的关键是要抓住表示转折的词yet。故选A项。4. Whatca

15、nweknowaboutthenovelTheGadflyfromthepassage?A.Ithasbeentranslatedinto22languagesaroundtheworld.B.ItisunfamiliartotheBritishduetoitshorriblecharacters.C. ItreceivesanegativereactionintheEnglish-speakingworld.D. Itwascompletedin1899andisoneofthemostpopularnovels.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，作为20世纪最受欢迎的英文小说之一

16、，牛虻在讲英语的国家落得几乎无人问津的田地；再由第二段中的"ItwaspublishedinNewYorkin1897.asitsEnglishpublisherfearedanegativereaction”可知，这部小说完成两年后才在纽约出版，因为出版商害怕出现负面的反应。由此可知，在说英语的世界里，这部小说得到的是负面的反应。故选C项。5.WhatmakesthenovelTheGadflyhavethemostdedicatedreadersintheSovietUnion?A.NikolaiOstrovsky'snovel.BThefearlessandrespec

17、tedhero.C. Musicalandtheatreadaptations.D. Sovietcopyrightlaws.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段的"HereturnstoItalyintheguiseof'TheGadfly',afearlessandrespectedrevolutionarywhosetrueidentityismasked.”和第五段的"Arthur,aRomantictragichero,wasrepeatedlyvotedRussia'smostpopularliteraryfigure可知，这部小说在苏联受欢

18、迎的原因是其主人公是一个勇敢无畏且受人尊敬的人。故选B项。6. Whereshouldthesentence“TheGadflyfounditslargestaudienceinChina"beputinthepassage?A.B.C.D.答案D解析篇章结构题。根据倒数第二段中的“whichcanbeseeninthe'Knight-errant'（侠客）oftraditionalChinesefolklore.可知，此句应该填在第四空。故选D项。B（2017扬州中学期中）Role-PlayinginChildDevelopmentPlayingisakeycomp

19、onentinthelearningprocessforvirtuallyallofthechildren.Therearevariouswaysinwhichchildrenplay,butoneofthemostimportantisrole-playing.Thisinvolvesachildengaginginanactivityduringwhichheorshepretendstobeanotherperson.Expertsonchilddevelopmentbelievethatrole-playingcanincreasetheconnectionsinchildren

20、9;sbrainsthathelpthemlearn.Languageskillsaresomeofthemostimportantaspectsoflearning.Whenchildrenrole-play,theymustworkoutstepsthatneedtobetakentocompleteatask,andcreateplanstoactoutastory.Theseactivitiesenablechildrentodeveloptheirorallanguageskills.Theybecomeabletoorganizeothersandtogivedirections.

21、Children'ssocialskillscanalsobedeveloped.Whenengagedingroupactivities,childrenhavedifferentroles.Someareleaderswhileothersarefollowers.Attimes,thechildrenwilldisagree：,sotheymustlearntonegotiateandcompromisewithoneanother,andtheymustlearntoapologizewhentheyhavestrongargumentsordisagreementsaswel

22、l.Childrenfurtherlearnaboutcooperationandsharingand,hopefully,begintounderstandthingsfromanotherperson'spointofview.Besideshelpingchildrenlearnsomekindsofskills,role-playingfosterschildren'simaginationsandcanthereforeassumeanumberofforms.Forexample,boysmaypretendtoshaveliketheirfathersorperf

23、ormvarioustasksaroundtheirhomes.Girls,meanwhile,oftenpretendtobemotherstodosomedailytasks,particularlyifitinvolvescaringforyoungbabies.Sometimeschildrenmayimaginebelongingtoagroupofsuperheroesorimitate（模仿）real-lifesituations.Theymightdressupandassumedifferentroles.Anotherexampleistheperformingofstor

24、iestheyreadinbooks,whichisalsoverycommonwhentheyrole-play.Anotherbeneficialaspectofrole-playingisthatitcanhelpchildrendealwithcertainactionsthatmaycausethememotional（情感的）pain,suchasthefeartheyfacewhengoingtoschoolforthefirsttimeormakingavisittothedoctor.Ifchildrenrole-playsituationslikethesebeforeha

25、nd,thefearthattheyexperiencewhendoingtheseactionsinrealityfrequentlylessens.Forthisreason,expertsencourageparentstoallowtheirchildrentorole-playandeventotakepartintheseactivitiestohelptheirchildrenmastertheirfears.Role-playingcanbenefitchildreninmanyways.Thereisnoactivityforwhichyoungchildrenarebett

26、erpreparedthanfantasyplay.Nothingismoredependableandrisk-free,andthedangersareonlypretend.语篇解读本文介绍了角色扮演在孩子成长过程中的作用。角色扮演可以帮助孩子的语言发育，发展孩子的社交技能，帮助他们战胜恐惧心理等。7. Fromtheauthor;sdescriptioninParagraph4,welearnthatchildrenoftenA. involvedaily-lifeactivitiesingroupsB.performdailytasksinsteadoftheirparentsC.

27、actouttheactivitiesthattheirparentsdoD. changereal-lifesituationswhenrole-playing答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Forexample,boysmaypretendtoshaveliketheirfathersorperformvarioustasksaroundtheirhomes.Girls,meanwhile,oftenpretendtobemotherstodosomedailytasks,particularlyifitinvolvescaringforyoungbabies.”可知，孩子

28、们经常表演父母们平常做的事情。故选Co8. Theauthorbelievesthatrole-playingmayhelpchildren.A. developabetterawarenessofgrammarB.understandhowtobebothleadersandfollowersC. improvecreativitybyusingtheirimaginationsD. receivebenefitsfromtheiremotionalpain答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Whenengagedingroupactivities,childrenhavedif

29、ferentroles.Someareleaderswhileothersarefollowers."可知，作者相信角色扮演可以使孩子明白怎样做领导者和追随者。故选Bo9. Theunderlinedword“master"inParagraph5probablymeans"”.A.ignoreB.confirmC.predictD.overcome答案D解析词义猜测题。根据本段的第一句话“Anotherbeneficialaspectofrole-playingisthatitcanhelpchildrendealwithcertainactionsthatma

30、ycausethememotional（情感的）pain,suchasthefeartheyface.”可知，角色扮演的另一个作用就是帮助孩子们应对一些不良情绪，比如，他们遇到的恐惧，此处鼓励孩子们参加角色扮演活动肯定是帮助孩子们克服恐惧。这里的master和dealwith意义相近，故选overcome克服。故选D。10. Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?P2PIP2C.D.I:IntroductionP：PointSp：Sub-point（次要点）C:Conclusion答案A解析篇章结构题。纵观全文可知，第一段说的是

31、角色扮演的重要性；第二段、第三段说的是帮助孩子提高技能，又包括两个次要点：语言技能和社交技能；第四段说的是帮助发展想象力；第五段说是帮助战胜不良情绪；最后一段是总结。故选AoC（2017扬州、六合、句容等七校联考）MymotherbelievedyoucouldbeanythingyouwantedtobeinAmerica.Americawaswhereallmymother'shopeslay.Shehadcomeherein1949afterlosingeverythinginChina.Butsheneverlookedbackwithregret.Thereweresoman

32、ywaysforthingstogetbetter.“Ofcourseyoucanbeaprodigy,too,"mymothertoldmewhenIwasnine."Youcanbebestatanything."Wedidn'timmediatelypicktherightkindofprodigy.AtfirstmymotherthoughtIcouldbeaChineseShirleyTemple.We'dwatchShirley'soldmoviesonTVasthoughtheyweretrainingfilms.Mymoth

33、erwouldpokemyarmandsay,“Nikan”Youwatch.AndIwouldseeShirleytappingherfeet,orsingingasailorsong,orpursingherlipsintoaveryroundOwhilesaying,“Ohmygoodness.”SoonaftermymothergotthisideaaboutShirleyTemple,shetookmetoabeautytrainingschoolandputmeinthehandsofastudentwhocouldbarelyholdthescissorswithoutshaki

34、ng.Insteadofgettingbigfatcurls,Iemergedwithanunevenmassofcrinklyblackfuzz.Mymotherdraggedmeofftothebathroomandtriedtowetdownmyhair.“YoulooklikeNegroChinese,"shelamented,asifIhaddonethisonpurpose.Infact,inthebeginning,Iwasjustasexcitedasmymother,maybeevenmoreso.Ipicturedthisprodigypartofmeasmany

35、differentimages,tryingeachoneonforsize.Iwasadaintyballerinagirlstandingbythecurtains,waitingtoheartherightmusicthatwouldsendmefloatingonmytiptoes.IwasCinderellasteppingfromherpumpkincarriagewithsparklycartoonmusicfillingtheair.Inallofmyimaginings,IwasfilledwithasensethatIwouldsoonbecomeperfect.Mymot

36、herandfatherwouldadoreme.Iwouldbebeyondreproach.Iwouldneverfeeltheneedtosulkforanything.Butsometimestheprodigyinmebecameimpatient."Ifyoudon'thurryupandgetmeoutofhere,I'mdisappearingforgood,"itwarned."Andthenyou'llalwaysbenothing.”Everynightafterdinner,mymotherandIwouldsita

37、ttheFormicakitchentable.Shewouldpresentnewtests,takingherexamplesfromstoriesofamazingchildrenshehadreadandadozenothermagazinesshekeptinapileinourbathroom.Mymothergotthesemagazinesfrompeoplewhosehousesshecleaned.Shewouldlookthroughthemall,searchingforstoriesaboutremarkablechildren.Thefirstnightshebro

38、ughtoutastoryaboutathree-year-oldboywhoknewthecapitalsofallthestatesandevenmostoftheEuropeancountries.Ateacherwasquotedassayingthelittleboycouldalsopronouncethenamesoftheforeigncitiescorrectly."What'sthecapitalofFinland?”mymotheraskedme,lookingatthemagazinestory.AllIknewwasthecapitalofCalif

39、ornia,becauseSacramentowasthenameofthestreetwelivedoninChinatown."Nairobi!”Iguessed,sayingthemostforeignwordIcouldthinkof.Shecheckedtoseeifthatwaspossiblyonewaytopronounce"Helsinki"beforeshowingmetheanswer.Thetestsgothardermultiplyingnumbersinmyhead,findingthequeenofheartsinadeckofcar

40、ds,tryingtostandonmyheadwithoutusingmyhands,predictingthedailytemperaturesinLosAngeles,NewYork,andLondon.Andafterseeingmymother'sdisappointedfaceonceagain,somethinginsideofmebegantodie.Ihatedthetests,theraisedhopesandfailedexpectations.Beforegoingtobedthatnight,IlookedinthemirrorandwhenIsawonlym

41、yfacestaringbackandthatitwouldalwaysbethisordinaryfaceIbegantocry.Suchasad,uglygirl!Imadehighpitchednoiseslikeacrazedanimal,tryingtoscratchoutthefaceinthemirror.AndthenIsawwhatseemedtobetheprodigysideofmebecauseIhadneverseenthatfacebefore.Ilookedatmyreflection,blinkingsoIcouldseemoreclearly.Thegirls

42、taringbackatmewasangry,powerful.ThisgirlandIwerethesame.Ihadnewthoughts,willfulthoughts,orratherthoughtsfilledwithlotsofwon'ts.Iwon'tletherchangeme,Ipromisedmyself.Iwon'tbewhatI'mnot.语篇解读作者的母亲一心想把作者培养成中国的秀兰邓波儿。但是一次次的测试使得作者信心全无。作者开始思考，并有了新的想法，作者要做自己，而不是再让妈妈改变自己。11. Theunderlinedword“p

43、rodigy"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.A.talentB.professorC.leaderD.superstar答案A解析词义猜测题。根据下文的"Youcanbebestatanything/,可知，妈妈认为女儿也能成为一个有才能的人，也能在任何事情上做到最好。故选Ao12. WhydidthemotherandthegirlwatchShirley'soldmoviesonTV?A.BecausethemotherwasafanofShirleyTemple.B.BecauseShirleyTemple'shai

44、rstylewasverypopularamongchildren.C. BecausethegirlresembledShirleyTempleinappearance.D. BecausethemotherwantedherdaughtertobeaChineseShirleyTemple.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的"AtfirstmymotherthoughtIcouldbeaChineseShirleyTemple.We'dwatchShirley'soldmoviesonTVasthoughtheyweretrainingfilms.Mymothe

45、rwouldpokemyarmandsay,'Nikan'Youwatch.”可知，作者和妈妈一起看秀兰邓波儿的老电影，是因为妈妈想让作者成为中国的秀兰邓波儿。故选D。13. Howdidthegirlfeelaboutthetestsshedideverynight?A.Shefeltconfidentandfinisheditsmoothly.B.Shegotthroughthetestspainfully.C. Shefailedthetestsandbegantoloseconfidence.D. Sheeventuallysadlyfoundherselfordina

46、ryandugly.答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的描述“Andafterseeingmymother;sdisappointedfaceonceagain,somethinginsideofmebegantodie.Ihatedthetests,theraisedhopesandfailedexpectations/,可知，作者测试失败，开始对自己失去信心了。故选C。14. WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph11mean?A.Themotherwasnotsureabouttheanswerandwantedtoconfirmit.B.Th

47、emotherexpectedherdaughtertoknowtherightanswer.C. Theanswersweremorethanoneandthemothercheckedthem.D. Themotherwasdisappointedandgaveupherdaughter.答案B解析句意猜测题。根据下文的"beforeshowingmetheanswer”并结合常识可知，妈妈在出示答案之前肯定是期待女儿能知道正确答案。故选Bo15. Whatmighthappenafterthelastparagraph?A.Thegirlmighttryherbesttobec

48、omefamousandsuccessful.B.Thegirlmightdowhatshereallylikes.C. Thegirlmightdowhateverhermotherasksandbecomesadifferentimage.D. Themothermightchangeherattitudeandlistentoherdaughter'swords.答案B解析篇章结构题。根据最后一段的"Ihadnewthoughts,willfulthoughts,orratherthoughtsfilledwithlotsofwon'ts.Iwon'tl

49、etherchangeme,Ipromisedmyself.Iwon'tbewhatI'mnot.”可知，经过了这些事情后，作者可能想做回自己了。故选Bo16. Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.BeingMyselforNotB.EducationalFailureC. DifficultAmericanChildhoodD. Mother'sExperience答案A解析标题归纳题。根据全文的描述可知，作者的妈妈望女成凤，想把作者培养成自己希望的样子，可是事与愿违，作者的表现让妈妈很失望，也让作者自己失去

50、了信心，所以作者决定做回自己。故选AoD（2017姜堰、如东、沐阳、前黄四校联考）WritteninthefirstchapterofthebookPrideandPrejudiceisanextraordinarysentenceofwhichevenapersonwhohashadonlyabrieflookuponthebookwillnotfailtoreceiveadeepimpressionItisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.Inte

51、rmsofSherlockHolmes,we'dbetteralterthesentenceinto“ItisafactuniversallyacceptedbyreadersthroughouttheworldthatanexcellentbookinpossessionofourfamousdetectiveSherlockHolmesisundoubtedlyamasterpieceofalltimes”.Perhapsthisisoneofthemostobviousexplanationsfortheincomparablepopularityof“Holmesseries&

52、quot;inthefieldofdetectivestories.Overwhelmedbytherecommendationsprovidedbymyfriends,IdecidedtotakealookonthisSherlockHolmesandtheDuke'sSonoriginallypublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress.Asawhole,thisbookisaboutacaseconcerningtheDuke'smissingson.Arthur,theDuke'sson,wasfoundoutinacertainmornin

53、gtohavedisappeared,accompaniedwithwhichwasalsothedisappearanceoftheGermanteacher.TheschoolmasterDrHuxtablethenturnedtothefamousdetectiveofthetimeSherlockHolmesforhelp.Realizinghowtoughandimportantthecaseis，HolmesimmediatelymadeuphismindtoacceptthecaseandfollowedDrHuxtablebacktoMackletonbytrain.Havin

54、gformedaroughideaaboutthewholematter,Holmeslookedintothecaseimmediatelyandhadacarefulinvestigationoftheentireareashortlyafterthearrival,duringtheprocessofwhichhediscoveredthebodyoftheGermanteacherHeidegger.Finally,primarilyduetohisoutstandingabilityasadetectivehemanagedtorevealthemystery.Havingonces

55、tartedreadingthisfiction,Iwascompletelyabsorbedinthemysteriousstory.Atthebeginning,unlikeotherdetectivestories,thisstoryfirstdescribestheclient'sstrangebehavioratlengthtoindicatetheseverityoftheincidentinordertoattractthereaderstocontinuereadingit.Asisknowntoall,vividdescriptionisessentialtodete

56、ctivestoriesasitmakesthestorymoreauthenticandattractive.Therefore,tryingtopresenta“realworld"tohisreadership,SirArthurConanDoyle,authoroftheoriginal“Holmesseries”,hasskillfullyarrangedtheplotsofthewholestoryfromtheperspectiveofDrWatson,afriendofHolmes'.Inthisway,heelaborately（精心'地）descr

57、ibedeverysceneandcharacterinthebook.Apartfromthespecialstart,theendingofthewholestory,beingdramaticbutreasonable,iscertainlyanoutstandingone.Afterall,excepttheauthorhimself,whoknowsthattheDuke'sseeminglyordinarysecretaryisinfacttheDuke'sbastard（私生子）?Inaddition,whoknowsthattheDukeactuallyhasa

58、lreadybeenacquaintedwiththewholethingbeforeHolmessolvesthiscomplicatedproblem?Yet,surprisingasitis,thisendingseemssonaturalthatitfitsalltheplotsofthestoryperfectlywell.Closingmyeyes,Icaneven"see"thestoryhappeningjustlikewatchingafilm.AsfarasIamconcerned,nothingismoreadmirableandsurprisingi

59、ntheheroSherlockHolmesthanhisprofoundknowledgewhichhascertainlyassistedhimalotwhenhewasstudyingthecase.Takethebicycletyresforinstance,Holmesiscapableofrecognizing42differentvarietiesofbicycletyres.Exceptforhisillimitableknowledge,Holmesalsospecializesinarrangingthefactsinorderandthenfindingthefactleadinghimtoagreatdiscoveryoreventhetruthitself.Inthiscase,aftergettingridofunrelatedfacts,SherlockHolmeseventuallygraspedtheclueanddiscoveredtheamazingfact.Needlesstosay,asaworld-renownedmasterpiece,SherlockHolmesandtheDuke'sSonhasattractedandisstillcharmingnumerousreadersfromallcornersoft