2019届高职高考英语总复习：第一部分第十一章 句子种类 ppt课件

1、第十一章句子种类第十一章句子种类【复习要求】【复习要求】1.1.识记句子识记句子 种类及句子的类型。种类及句子的类型。2.2.了解陈说句、疑问句包括疑问句了解陈说句、疑问句包括疑问句的种类、祈使句和感慨句的构造。的种类、祈使句和感慨句的构造。【知识要点】【知识要点】 英语句子按其运用目的和用途可分为四类：陈说句、疑问英语句子按其运用目的和用途可分为四类：陈说句、疑问句、祈使句和感慨句。句、祈使句和感慨句。一、陈说句一、陈说句 陈说句是用来描画、阐明现实或表述说话人的看法的句子。陈说句是用来描画、阐明现实或表述说话人的看法的句子。陈说句有一定式和否认式两种。其构造方式为陈说句有一定式和否认式两种

2、。其构造方式为“主语主语+谓语谓语+，否认方式是在助动词、系动词或情态动词后加，否认方式是在助动词、系动词或情态动词后加not。如：。如： Tom is an 8-year-old boy.一定式一定式 We don t have any classes on weekends.否认式否认式二、疑问句二、疑问句 疑问句即用以提出问题的句子。英语中有四种疑问句：普疑问句即用以提出问题的句子。英语中有四种疑问句：普通疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。通疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 1.普通疑问句普通疑问句 能用能用yes或或no回答的疑问句称为普通疑问句。普通疑问句回答的

3、疑问句称为普通疑问句。普通疑问句以系动词、助动词或情态动词提早为标志。如：以系动词、助动词或情态动词提早为标志。如： Are you a doctor? Yes，I am.No，I am not. Do you usually get up at seven? Yes，I do. 2.2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由疑问代词特殊疑问句由疑问代词whatwhat，whowhom m，whosewhose，whichwhich或或疑问副词疑问副词whenwhen，wherewhere，howhow，whywhy引导，同时与普通疑问引导，同时与普通疑问句一样需求把系动词、助动词或情态动词放在主

4、语前进展句一样需求把系动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语前进展提问，需求详细的回答。但当疑问句在句子中作主语或修提问，需求详细的回答。但当疑问句在句子中作主语或修饰主语时，句子需求用陈说语序。如：饰主语时，句子需求用陈说语序。如： Who is singing in the next room? Who is singing in the next room? Jim.Jim. 谁在隔壁唱歌？谁在隔壁唱歌？ 吉姆。吉姆。 When are you leaving for Shanghai?When are you leaving for Shanghai? I m leaving next wee

5、k.I m leaving next week. 他什么时候去上海？他什么时候去上海？ 我下星期去。我下星期去。 3.3.选择疑问句选择疑问句 选择疑问句提出两种答案供对方选择。选择疑问句以选择疑问句提出两种答案供对方选择。选择疑问句以oror为为标志，并需直接回答以下问题。如：标志，并需直接回答以下问题。如： Are you from the south or the north? Are you from the south or the north? 他来自南方还是北方？他来自南方还是北方？ I m from the south.I m from the south.我来自南方。我来自南

6、方。 Shall we have the meeting this week or next week? Shall we have the meeting this week or next week? 我们是本周开会还是下周开会？我们是本周开会还是下周开会？ Next weekNext week，I think.I think.我想是在下周。我想是在下周。4.4.反意疑问句反意疑问句反意疑问句放在陈说句之后，对陈说句所述现实提出相反的疑反意疑问句放在陈说句之后，对陈说句所述现实提出相反的疑问。反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈说，后问。反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈

7、说，后一部分是简短的提问。陈说部分是一定式，反意疑问句用否认一部分是简短的提问。陈说部分是一定式，反意疑问句用否认式；反之陈说句部分能否认式，反意疑问句用一定式。用式；反之陈说句部分能否认式，反意疑问句用一定式。用“Yes“Yes或或“No“No回答。如：回答。如：He smokes a lotHe smokes a lot，doesn t he? doesn t he? 他吸烟很厉害，是吗？他吸烟很厉害，是吗？Linda isn t a college studentLinda isn t a college student，is she? is she? 琳达不是大学琳达不是大学生，对吗？

8、生，对吗？留意：回答这类问题时，假设答语是一定的，前面要用留意：回答这类问题时，假设答语是一定的，前面要用yesyes，否那么用否那么用nono。假设陈说句部分为否认式时，这时英语回答和汉。假设陈说句部分为否认式时，这时英语回答和汉语翻译是不一致的。如：语翻译是不一致的。如：They are not going outThey are not going out，are they? are they? YesYes，they are.they are.NoNo，they aren t.they aren t. 他们不计划出去，是不是？他们不计划出去，是不是？ 不，他们计划出去。是的，他们不计划

9、出去。不，他们计划出去。是的，他们不计划出去。三、祈使句三、祈使句 祈使句是用来表示恳求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子。在祈使句是用来表示恳求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子。在祈使句中通常省略作为主语的第二人称，谓语动词用动词祈使句中通常省略作为主语的第二人称，谓语动词用动词原形。有些祈使句以原形。有些祈使句以let s或或let us开头，用于第一人称和开头，用于第一人称和第三人称的建议或恳求。否认句的开头用第三人称的建议或恳求。否认句的开头用Don t构成。如：构成。如： Copy this exercise in your notebook. 把这个习题抄在他们的笔记本上。把这个习题抄在他们的笔

10、记本上。 Don t be afraid of making mistakes.不要怕犯错误。不要怕犯错误。 Let s take the child to the park! 让我们带孩子去公园吧！让我们带孩子去公园吧！四、感慨句四、感慨句 感慨句用以表示喜怒哀乐等剧烈感情。句末用感慨句用以表示喜怒哀乐等剧烈感情。句末用“！号。！号。其构造方式为其构造方式为“感慨词感慨词what或或how+被强调部分被强调部分+其其他部分与陈说句构造一样他部分与陈说句构造一样+！。！。what多么作定语，多么作定语，修饰名词。单数可数名词之前用修饰名词。单数可数名词之前用what aan，复数名，复数名词和

11、不可数名词之前用词和不可数名词之前用what，what和和what aan与所与所修饰的名词之间可以有描画词。修饰的名词之间可以有描画词。how多么作状语，修多么作状语，修饰描画词、副词或动词。如：饰描画词、副词或动词。如： What a place it is！ 多好糟的地方啊！多好糟的地方啊！ How foolish they are！ 他们是多么傻啊！他们是多么傻啊！ *含有含有there be构造的句子：构造的句子：there be构造的句子表示构造的句子表示“某某地、某时有或存在这一概念。其否认句是在地、某时有或存在这一概念。其否认句是在be后面加后面加not；普通疑问式是把；普通疑

12、问式是把be提早；特殊疑问句的语序是：疑提早；特殊疑问句的语序是：疑问词问词+名词名词+be+there？如：？如： How many boys are there in your class? There are not many.There re only eight.【例题解析】【例题解析】 1. Now you ve already finished the work1. Now you ve already finished the work，you?you? A.aren tA.aren tB.don tB.don tC.didn tC.didn tD.haven tD.haven

13、 t【答案】【答案】D【解析】这是对反意疑问句的调查。【解析】这是对反意疑问句的调查。You ve是是you have的缩的缩写，是一定方式，所以后面用其否认方式写，是一定方式，所以后面用其否认方式haven t，即选，即选D。 2.What is your father?2.What is your father? He isHe is. . A.wellA.wellB.fineB.fineC.a teacherC.a teacherD.workingD.working【答案】【答案】C【解析】特殊疑问句【解析】特殊疑问句what is sb.? 表示的是表示的是“某人的职业是什某人的职业是

14、什么，所以答案该是么，所以答案该是C。 3. 3. we are working to make our country more we are working to make our country more beautiful! beautiful! A.How hardA.How hardB.HowB.How C.What hardC.What hardD.WhatD.What【答案】【答案】A【解析】该题调查的是感慨句。熟习和掌握感慨句的构造和用【解析】该题调查的是感慨句。熟习和掌握感慨句的构造和用法是答题的关键，此题空格处的词修饰谓语动词法是答题的关键，此题空格处的词修饰谓语动词ar

15、e working，运用运用how+描画词描画词/副词副词+其它部分的句型构造。答案是其它部分的句型构造。答案是A。 4.Do you like tea or coffee?4.Do you like tea or coffee? . . A.Tea or coffeeA.Tea or coffeeB.Yes.Thank youB.Yes.Thank youC.No.ThanksC.No.ThanksD.CoffeeD.Coffee【答案】【答案】D【解析】本句所调查的是选择疑问句，留意该类标题在回答时【解析】本句所调查的是选择疑问句，留意该类标题在回答时不能用不能用Yes或或No来回答，应详

16、细地回答，所以答案是来回答，应详细地回答，所以答案是D。 【同步精练】【同步精练】 1.What s your father?1.What s your father? . . A.He is OK.A.He is OK. B.He is fine. B.He is fine. C.He is a doctor.C.He is a doctor. D.He is at work. D.He is at work.【答案】【答案】 C 该问句是讯问职业，所以要选该问句是讯问职业，所以要选“他是医生。他是医生。 2.You don t know French2.You don t know Fre

17、nch，do you?do you? No No，I don t.I don t.A.A.不，我不懂。不，我不懂。B.B.是的，我懂。是的，我懂。C.C.是的，我不懂。是的，我不懂。D.D.不，我懂。不，我懂。【答案】【答案】 C 对反义疑问句的否认回答。对反义疑问句的否认回答。 3.Haven t you written to Mike this week?3.Haven t you written to Mike this week? . . A.YesA.Yes，I m going to write.I m going to write. B.Not yetB.Not yet，but I

18、 m going to tomorrow.but I m going to tomorrow. C.I m sorryC.I m sorry，but they know I didn t have but they know I didn t have enough time.enough time. D.YesD.Yes，I want to but didn t have time.I want to but didn t have time.【答案】【答案】B 对如今完成时态的普通疑问句的否认回答。对如今完成时态的普通疑问句的否认回答。4.You have never seen an Am

19、erican film4.You have never seen an American film，have you?have you? .How I wish I had had such a chance!.How I wish I had had such a chance!A.YesA.Yes，I haveI have B.YesB.Yes，I haven tI haven tC.NoC.No，I haveI haveD.NoD.No，I haven tI haven t【答案】【答案】 D 对如今完成时态的反义疑问句的否认回答。对如今完成时态的反义疑问句的否认回答。5.The stu

20、dents went to the Children s Palace 5.The students went to the Children s Palace last Sundaylast Sunday，they?they?A.don tA.don tB.weren tB.weren tC.doC.doD.didn tD.didn t【答案】【答案】 D 普经过去时态的反义疑问句。陈说部分用一定，反意疑问普经过去时态的反义疑问句。陈说部分用一定，反意疑问句用否认式。句用否认式。6.Linda can6.Linda canspeak Frenchspeak French，can she?ca

21、n she?A.nearlyA.nearlyB.almostB.almostC.hardlyC.hardlyD.hardD.hard【答案】【答案】 6.C 情态动词的反义疑问句，反意疑问句用一定式，陈说部情态动词的反义疑问句，反意疑问句用一定式，陈说部分用否认式。分用否认式。7.Will you have some more milk?7.Will you have some more milk? ，I have had plenty.I have had plenty.A.NoA.No，thanks.thanks. B.YesB.Yes，thanks.thanks.C.NoC.No，I d

22、ont.I dont.D.YesD.Yes，I do.I do.【答案】【答案】 7.A 在表示恳求、建议、约请等的问句中，一定回答就用在表示恳求、建议、约请等的问句中，一定回答就用Yes, please. 否认回答就用否认回答就用No, thank you. 8.Do you like tea or coffee?8.Do you like tea or coffee? . .A.Thank youA.Thank youB.That s fineB.That s fineC.YesC.Yes，I doI doD.Either will doD.Either will do【答案】【答案】 8

23、.D 对选择疑问句的回答，要么二者选其一，用么用对选择疑问句的回答，要么二者选其一，用么用either来回答，表示来回答，表示“任一都可，或者用任一都可，或者用neither, 表示表示“两个都不要两个都不要，假设用，假设用both,就表示就表示“两个都要。两个都要。 9.Don t lose heart and try it again9.Don t lose heart and try it again，? ?A.will youA.will you B.shall we B.shall weC.isn t sheC.isn t she D.aren t you D.aren t you【

24、答案】【答案】 A 祈使句的反义疑问句，不论陈说部分是一定还能否认，反义祈使句的反义疑问句，不论陈说部分是一定还能否认，反义疑问句部分都用疑问句部分都用will you。 10.Mike10.Mike，clean the windows of the classroom this clean the windows of the classroom this afternoonafternoon，? ? A.do youA.do you B.will youB.will you C.didn t youC.didn t youD.don t youD.don t you11.They made

25、 Smith President of the university11.They made Smith President of the university，they?they?A.wasn tA.wasn t B.hadn tB.hadn tC.weren tC.weren t D.didn tD.didn t【答案】【答案】D 普经过去时态的反义疑问句。普经过去时态的反义疑问句。【答案】【答案】B 祈使句的反义疑问句，不论陈说部分是一定还能否认，反义祈使句的反义疑问句，不论陈说部分是一定还能否认，反义疑问句部分都用疑问句部分都用will you。 12.Let s go to the

26、concert12.Let s go to the concert，? ?A.will youA.will youB.shall weB.shall weC.isn t sheC.isn t she D.aren t youD.aren t you【答案】【答案】B Let s.反义疑问句为反义疑问句为 shall we?13.The city has a population of 120,000 people13.The city has a population of 120,000 people，most of them speak English.most of them speak

27、 English.A.butA.butB.soB.soC.andC.andD.althoughD.although【答案】【答案】 C and衔接两个并列句。衔接两个并列句。 14.There are two roads14.There are two roadsthe townthe town，which one which one shall we take?shall we take? A.led byA.led byB.leading toB.leading toC.leadC.leadD.to D.to lead tolead to15.15.make any noise when

28、your grandma is make any noise when your grandma is sleeping.sleeping.A.NotA.NotB.Can tB.Can tC.Don tC.Don tD.Isn D.Isn t t【答案】【答案】 C 祈使句，祈使句，“当奶奶在睡觉时，他不要发出噪音。当奶奶在睡觉时，他不要发出噪音。【答案】【答案】 B 如今分词短语做定语，修饰如今分词短语做定语，修饰roads。 16.I m sorry for16.I m sorry forhaving telephoned you having telephoned you before.

29、before. A.notA.notB.can tB.can tC.don tC.don tD.isn D.isn t t17.17.quickly bad news travels!quickly bad news travels!A.WhatA.WhatB.What aB.What aC.What anC.What anD.HowD.How【答案】【答案】 D 该题调查的是感慨句。感慨词修饰的是副词该题调查的是感慨句。感慨词修饰的是副词quickly, 所以所以选选How。【答案】【答案】 A 对动名词表否认，是在动名词前加对动名词表否认，是在动名词前加not。18.18.deliciou

30、s soup it tasted!delicious soup it tasted!A.WhatA.WhatB.What aB.What aC.What anC.What anD.HowD.How【答案】【答案】A 该题感慨词修饰的是名词该题感慨词修饰的是名词soup,所以选所以选what。19.19.lovely Christmas presentslovely Christmas presents！A.WhatA.WhatB.What aB.What aC.What anC.What anD.HowD.How【答案】【答案】 A 该题感慨词修饰的是名词该题感慨词修饰的是名词presents

31、, 所以选所以选what。 20.I have read one of his novels20.I have read one of his novelsa few of his a few of his plays.plays. A.orA.orB.as well asB.as well asC.butC.butD.whileD.while【答案】【答案】 B as well as 除了有除了有 “和和一样好的意思外，还有一样好的意思外，还有“也、也、“又、又、“除除之外之外(也也)的意思。该句意思为：我读过她的的意思。该句意思为：我读过她的一本小说，还有几个剧本。一本小说，还有几个剧本。

32、21.Some are singing21.Some are singingothers are dancing.others are dancing.A.orA.orB.forB.forC.soC.soD.whileD.while【答案】【答案】 D while 用来表对比，用来表对比，“而。而。 22.There22.Therea booka book，a ruler and two pencils on a ruler and two pencils on the desk.the desk. A.isA.isB.areB.areC.haveC.haveD.wereD.were【答案】【

33、答案】 A There be 句型中句型中be 动词用单数还是复数要根据紧跟在动词用单数还是复数要根据紧跟在be 动词后的第一个主语来确定。动词后的第一个主语来确定。23.We shall23.We shallforget the advice of our teacher.forget the advice of our teacher.A.always notA.always not B.not alwaysB.not alwaysC.neverC.neverD.forever notD.forever not【答案】【答案】 C never 表示全部否认，表示全部否认，“我们将永远不会忘

34、记我们将永远不会忘记。24.Are the bicycles in the garage? 24.Are the bicycles in the garage? No No，theretherein the garage.in the garage.A.is nothingA.is nothingB.isn t nothingB.isn t nothingC.aren t nothingC.aren t nothingD.is anythingD.is anything【答案】【答案】 A 该句中对该句中对there be 句型的否认回答用句型的否认回答用There isnt anything

35、. There is nothing。25.When25.Whenher homework?her homework?A.does Wendy usually doA.does Wendy usually doB.does Wendy usuallyB.does Wendy usuallyC.Wendy usually doesC.Wendy usually doesD.usually does WendyD.usually does Wendy【答案】【答案】 A when 提问的特殊疑问句中要加助动词提问的特殊疑问句中要加助动词does,且后要接动词原且后要接动词原形。形。 26.Where26.Wherestanding?standing? A.is theyA.