新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第一册Unit 5 Section AThe Battle Against AIDS

1、11Text StudyText StudyIdea SharingIdea SharingNotes to the TextNotes to the TextWords and ExpressionsWords and ExpressionsWritingWriting15 Summary Summary UnderstandingUnderstanding ReproductionReproduction Structure AnalysisStructure Analysis15 a. 185,000 b. nearly 500,000 c. one million d. 102,000

2、 e. 204,000_ killed since 1970s_ killed in the past few years_ expected to die_ infected with HIV virus_ black & Latinos diagnosed with HIVedacb1. Match the Numbers (1. Match the Numbers (Paras.1-2Paras.1-2) )I. UnderstandingI. UnderstandingText StudyUnderstanding15 What are correct about the So

3、uth Carolina AIDS Education Network ?a. It is a government organization.b. It combats the spread of AIDS.c. It gets a lot of money. 2. Tick the Right (Paras.3-6)2. Tick the Right (Paras.3-6)d. It operates programs out of a beauty shop.e. It uses videos and publications. f. Hairdressers are not in th

4、e network.Text StudyUnderstanding15Method 1 speak to your communityProblem a low literacy rate Solution draw pictures, familiar faces and languageEvaluation more effect 3. Explain the Methods (Paras.7-13)3. Explain the Methods (Paras.7-13)Work in pairs and explain methods 1-3 with the help of the ke

5、y words in the following charts:Text StudyUnderstanding15Method 2 train teenagersProblem spread fastestSolution establish, programEvaluation simple, better, adult, helpMethod 3 redefineProblem misinformationSolution emphasize, regardlessText StudyUnderstanding15II. Structure AnalysisII. Structure An

6、alysisProblem + Solution + Evaluation + SummaryA. The Writing Model of the Passage:A. The Writing Model of the Passage:The basic structure of this pattern is problem-solution-evaluation. There are some possible differences in the pattern but the basic parts are problems and solutions.Can you list so

7、me typical expressions for this pattern?Text StudyStructure Analysis15The typical expressions for this pattern:The typical expressions for this pattern:expressionsexpressionsfunctionfunction the problem, the question introduce a problem to solve , the solution introduce the solution the result, as a

8、 result introduce result, effect or evaluationNow, find the problem, solution and evaluation of this passage. TipsText StudyStructure Analysis151. AIDS has killed many Americans, and still many with the HIV virus are expected to die. (Para. 1) 2. Women and youth in some communities are making up the

9、 fastest segment of people with AIDS. (Para. 2) 3. American governments have been slow in stopping the spread of the disease.(Para. 3) The Problem:The Problem: Text StudyStructure Analysis15A number of local organizations have emerged.The South Carolina AIDS Education Network isone of them. 1. The o

10、rganization operates its educational programs out of a beauty shop. (Paras.4-5)2. The network began helping the hair stylists set up similar programs in their shops. (Para.6)The Solution:The Solution:(Paras.3-4)Text StudyStructure Analysis153. It has developed several techniques useful to other grou

11、ps doing similar work. (Para.7) Speak to your community in a way they can hear. (Paras.8-9) Train teenagers to educate their peers. Redefine “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status.(Para.10)(Paras.11-12)Text StudyStructure Analysis15These programs are not the only s

12、olutions to the crisis but, until there is a cure for AIDS, they are only safe measures against the virus. (Para.13)The EvaluationThe Evaluation : :We must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done. Nor can we let political inefficiency stop us from our

13、task. Everyone must become an educator and learn to live. (Para.14)The SummaryThe Summary : :Text StudyStructure Analysis15B. The way to develop paragraphs:B. The way to develop paragraphs: A General Statement + Problem-solution-evaluation The writer lists some ways of winning the war against AIDS.

14、Each method is presented in a general statement. He tries to argue for the idea in a problem-solution-evaluation way.Text StudyStructure Analysis15Train teenagers to educate their peers.Method 2Method 2 : :The problemThe solutionThe evaluationText StudyStructure Analysis15 The solution Establish an

15、“AIDS Busters” program. The program trains youth (from 8 to 26) to go into the community and teach AIDS lessons to their peers. The problem AIDS is spreading fastest among teenagers in the rural South.Text StudyStructure Analysis15Method 1 & 3 are developed in the same way. Work with your partne

16、r and find the details.The evaluation Young people make the lessons simple. They explain the risk of catching AIDS to their friends much better than an adult can. They help parents understand the peer pressure their children experience.Text StudyStructure Analysis15III. SummaryIII. Summary Since it

17、was _ in 1970s, AIDS has killed _ of Americans. Women and youth in rural Southern communities are most _ to be _ with AIDS. In _ of the spread of AIDS and lack of government activity to stop it, some local organizations _. The South Carolina AIDS Education Network formed to help _ the number of AIDS

18、 _. In some communities, handing _ AIDS literature and _ people to read it is not very _ diagnosedthousandslikelyinfectedemergedreducecasesexpectingoutplaceeffectiveText StudySummary15because many people cannot read. Besides, AIDS is _ fastest among teenagers in the _ South. So these groups have _ s

19、ome _ methods of _ the spread of AIDS, _ include: speak to your community in a way they can hear; train teenagers to educate their _; and _ “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage _. In other _, everyone should _ the war_ AIDS.ruraldevelopedbestcombatingwhichpeersredefines

20、tatuswordssign up forspreadingagainstText StudySummary15IV. Reproduction. ReproductionA sample beginningText StudyReproduction Group work. Suppose you are committee members of the South Carolina AIDS Education Network. Now a meeting is being held to find solutions to the spread of AIDS. After the me

21、eting, send your representative to report your solutions, which are expected to be reasonable, convincing and effective. Makegood use of the information in Section A.15After discussion, weve worked out somesolutions to the problems we are faced with. To begin with, immediate actions should be taken

22、to collect money to keepour organization going A sample beginningA sample beginningText StudyReproduction Focus StudyFocus Study Active ExpressionsActive Expressions15 In English, you may find some expressions formed by very common words, but they are active and powerful. Whats on at the cinema toni

23、ght? 今晚电影院上演上演什么？ Whats he up to? 他忙忙什么呢?I. Active ExpressionsI. Active ExpressionsNotes to the TextActive Expressions 151. Another 185,000with the HIV virus are expected to die within the next year. 2. and state governments have been slow in implementing programs3. To reach more people in the commu

24、nity, programs operate out of a beauty shop. 4. The owner hands out AIDS information to all her clients 5. the AIDS epidemic threatens to wipe out an entire generation and Find the active expressions:Find the active expressions:Notes to the TextActive Expressions 15 expect sb. to do think that sth.

25、will happen be slow in hesitate to act; not quick to learn hand out v. Handout n. distribute sth.; a piece of paper with information distribute by a teacher reach communicate with; speak to wipe out destroy, remove, or get rid of sth. completelyNotes to the TextActive Expressions Practice 151.今天是星期天

26、，我没有想到这么多人来听讲座。2.据报道，这个城市在交通管理方面非常滞后。3.救济人员在向生还者分发紧急配给品。4.这是我的电话，以防你要联系我。5.由于操作不当，所有储存于电脑的信息消失殆尽。Notes to the TextActive Expressions keys 151.Today is Sunday. I didnt expect so many people to attend this lecture.2.It has been reported that this city is very slow in traffic management.3.Relief worker

27、s were handing out emergency rations to the survivors.4.Heres my telephone number, in case you need to reach me.5.Due to his improper operation, all the information stored has been wiped out.More Practice Notes to the TextActive Expressions 151.下周二你们要做一个有关爱滋病主题的课堂发言。2.他数学学得很好，但学语言却很迟钝。3.你可以在讲义的最后一页看

28、到完整参考书目。4.经过两年的谈判，双方终于达成了协议。5.据说这个村有一半人口患艾滋病死了。Notes to the TextActive Expressions keys 151. Next Tuesday, you are expected to give a presentation on AIDS.2. He is smart at mathematics, but very slow in learning languages.3. I am so tired today that I dont feel like going to work.4. After two years

29、of negotiation, the two parties have finally reached a settlement.5. It is said the half the population in this village was wiped out by AIDS.Notes to the TextActive Expressions 151. To solve this problem, ask people in the community who can draw well to create low- literacy AIDS education publicati

30、ons. sb/sth + attributive clause I dont like the way he talks to others.More Practice II. Focus StudyII. Focus StudyNotes to the TextFocus Study 15 Ill never forget the city _ _ (我和玛丽在那里度过童年时光). He won a gold medal, _ _ (全家人认为这是个了 不起的荣誉).where I spent my child-hood with Mary which the whole familyco

31、nsidered a great honorNotes to the TextFocus Study 152. They also show people who look like those we need to educate, since What do “they” and “people” refer to?They = These books, people = the pictures 这些书籍这些书籍也展示一些看上去和那些需要接受教育的人很相似的图片图片，Contextual clues can help one better understand sentences.Not

32、es to the TextFocus Study 153. Despite such alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have always been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of AIDS. Despite. , 尽管，还是PracticeNotes to the TextFocus Study 15 Despite a lot of difficulties, he managed to finish the work within three

33、 weeks. He failed in the exam a third time despite his continuous hard working. 尽管有许多困难，他还是设法在三周内完成了工作。 他第三次考试未通过，尽管他一直都很努力。Notes to the TextFocus Study 154. Like no other plague before, the AIDS epidemic threatens to wipe out an entire generation and leave another without parents. leave sth./sb. .

34、让某人/物处于某状态Practice The trial left a lot of questions unanswered.Notes to the TextFocus Study 15 别让她在外边雨中等着。 外面那么冷，我希望你不要再让门开着。 Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. I wish youd stop leaving the door open. Its cold outside. Notes to the TextFocus Study 155. This is an undeclared war that everyo

35、ne must sign up for in order for us to win. (L65)Sth./Sb. is , 是 ，Practice Notes to the TextFocus Study 15 电脑是一种电子装置，这种装置能够储存信息并能根据一套被称为程序的指令做事情。 好老师是那些能够引起学习者学习兴趣的老师。 A computer is an electric machine that can store information and do things with it according to a set of instructions called a progr

36、am. The greatest teachers are the ones who can arouse students interests to learn.Notes to the TextFocus Study Old to NewChinese to EnglishWord Using15form, make upcarry outfear, worrygroupinstead of fight, battle constitute implement alarm organization in place of combatI. I. Old to NewOld to NewWo

37、rds and ExpressionsOld to New15 client educate educator relate risk customerteachteachertelldangerI. I. Old to NewOld to NewWords and ExpressionsOld to New1520世纪70年代末期20世纪70年代初期20世纪70年代中期资源出版物文学受教育比例低 in the late 1970s in the early 1970s in the middle 1970s resources publication literature a low lit

38、eracy rate II. II. Chinese to EnglishChinese to EnglishWords and ExpressionsC to E15 高死亡率 婚姻状况 经济状况 就业情况 法律地位 效率 效率低下 a high death rate marriage status economic status job status legal status efficiency inefficiencyWords and ExpressionsC to E151. acquire vt. get by skill or ability, by ones own effo

39、rts or behavior （由技术、能力、努力或行为而）获得；学到III. III. Word UsingWord Using acquire a good knowledge of English 熟谙英文 acquire a reputation for dishonesty 蒙上不诚实恶名 acquire a taste for brandy 养成喝白兰地的嗜好Words and ExpressionsWord Using151. acquire vt. get by skill or ability, by ones own efforts or behavior （由技术、能力

40、、努力或行为而）获得；学到The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Shanghai. 这家公司最近在上海市中心买了一栋新的办公楼。 Words and ExpressionsWord Using152. diagnose 诊断 vt. diagnose sb. with diagnose + illness/sb.s condition as The woman is diagnosed with diabetes (糖尿病). The doctor diagnosed the illness as

41、cancer.Words and ExpressionsWord Using153. constitute vt. form sth. from partsHow many students constitute your study group?Twelve months constitute a year. Words and ExpressionsWord Using154. alarm vt. cause sudden fear or worry; give a warning or feeling of danger to 使恐慌，使担忧；警告Everybody was alarme

42、d at the news that war might break out. 人人听到战事可能爆发的消息都感到恐慌。Words and ExpressionsWord Using154. alarm vt. cause sudden fear or worry; give a warning or feeling of danger to 使恐慌，使担忧；警告The noise of the shot alarmed hundreds of birds.Words and ExpressionsWord Using154. alarm n. U sudden fear and worry 恐

43、慌，担忧； C a piece of equipment that warns people about danger, the time, etc. 报警器；闹钟 a fire alarm 火警 set the alarm(-clock) for 6 oclock 把闹钟拨到6点e.g. He jumped up in alarm. 他惊慌地跳了起来。Words and ExpressionsWord Using155. organization n. a group of people with a special purpose WHO OPEC WorldHealth Organiza

44、tionWhat do these organizations mean?Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesNorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationMore NATOWords and ExpressionsWord Using155. organizationFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUNESCO联合

45、国教科文组织FAO联合国粮农组织WMO WIPO ILOWords and ExpressionsWord Using15 6. emerge vi. come to appear The sun emerged from behind a cloud. What does the photo show us? It shows a beautiful scene when the morning sun emerges from the sea surface.Words and ExpressionsWord Using15 6. emerge vi. become known Diffe

46、rent ideas emerged in the heated discussion. Later, it emerged that the judge had been employing an illegal immigrant.Words and ExpressionsWord Using157. illustrate vt. make clear by giving pictures or examplesThese graphs illustrate the results of the experiment.Words and ExpressionsWord Using157.

47、illustrate vt. make clear by giving pictures or examplesHe illustrated his point with statistics.Words and ExpressionsWord Using158. risk vt. place in danger The soldier risked his life to save the drowning girl. 士兵冒着生命危险去救落水的女孩。Words and ExpressionsWord Using158. risk n. dangerThe disease is spread

48、ing, and all children under 5 are at risk. 疾病在蔓延，5岁以下的儿童都有被传染的危险。at risk: in danger 处境危险More phrasesWords and ExpressionsWord Using15take/run the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着的危险 at any risk at all risks不管冒什么风险at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着的危险take/run the risk to do sth.冒险Words and ExpressionsWord UsingPr

49、actice15Words and ExpressionsWord Using3. I am at the risk of losing my job. 2. I am taking the risk of losing my job. 159. distract sb. from sth. = take sb.s attention from sth. 使分心 Most Chinese parents think puppy love will distract their children from their school work.多数中国父母认为早恋会让孩子学习分心。Words an

50、d ExpressionsWord Using159. distract sb. from sth. = take sb.s attention from sth. 使分心 The noise in the street distracted me from my reading. 街上的嘈杂声使我不能专心读书。Words and ExpressionsWord Using15She signed up for the Young Volunteer team last semester. 上个学期她报名参加了青年志愿者组织。10. sign up for = put ones name on

51、 a list to take part in sth. 报名参加 Words and ExpressionsWord Using15 151. the first case; the infected population2. high-infection areas3. high-risk group4. government work5. unofficial program6. education work7. peoples attitude Compare the Situation of AIDS Compare the Situation of AIDS in China wi

52、th that in America.in China with that in America.TipsTipsSearch for related information :Search for related information :Idea Sharing151. The first case of AIDS was diagnosed/ reported ., . years later than . ; by the year ., there will be . infected with HIV .2. The AIDS high-infection areas includ

53、e .3. . constitute the fastest growing segment/group of people with AIDS .4. The governments have been slow/quick/ active/efficient in .; political inefficiencyIdea Sharing155. help . through an organization; community; emerge; establish; hand out .; 6. educate; operate educational program; . attach

54、 importance to .; lay stress on .; videos; publications7. get worried; dont like talking about .; be scared by .;refuse to .; concern about Lead-in video clipLead-in video clipIdea Sharing15AIDS SpreadIdea Sharing15 The Problem-Solution- The Problem-Solution- Evaluation Pattern Evaluation PatternPra

55、ctical WritingPractical Writing15The basic structure of this pattern is problem-solution-evaluation. There are some possible differences in the pattern but the basic parts are problems and solutions. I. The Problem-Solution- Evaluation The Problem-Solution- Evaluation Pattern PatternDevelopmentDevel

56、opment a general statementproblemsolutionevaluation WritingStructure Writing15Parents should be the main solution to childrens lack of physical exercise. Clearly children are spending too many hours watching TV. Their lack of exercise could lead to health problems. If parents set a good example and

57、take exercise with their children, it would seem a natural part of life. Parents can motivate their children to be active from an early age. a general statementproblemsolutionevaluation Useful ExpressionsWritingStructure Writing15A general statement:A problem:A solution:An evaluation:Useful Expressi

58、ons for Problem-Solution- Useful Expressions for Problem-Solution- Evaluation Pattern Evaluation Pattern. may help you . is really a problem; one of the difficulties is .; the question is to solve . /the solution to . by doing . you will .; play a vital role in .; it is effective to .; as a resultWr

59、itingStructure Writing15 Write a paragraph, following the problem-solution-evaluation pattern. Topics: Job Problems for GraduatesWriting Task How to Keep HealthyWritingStructure WritingFor your reference15College graduates find it increasingly difficult to get a rewarding job. One reason perhaps is that many colleges and universities fail to adapt their courses to the development of economy. Second, there is an oversupply of graduates in certain specialties. What should be done to solve this problem? To begin with, the colleges should get student