第12 单元 被动语态的翻译

1、被动语态的翻译Todays Items Passive Voice in EnglishPassiveness in ChineseE-C Translation of Passive Voice2英语中被动语态使用范围很广。凡是在不必英语中被动语态使用范围很广。凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了上下文连贯等等场合，往往动者或者是为了上下文连贯等等场合，往往都用被动语态。这一特点在英语科技语体中都用被动语态。这一特点在英语科技语体中反映得更为突出。然而汉语中的被动语态的反映得更为突出。然而汉语中的被动语态的使用范围却狭窄得多。在

2、翻译英语被动语态使用范围却狭窄得多。在翻译英语被动语态的句子时，很多情况下，都可译成汉语的主的句子时，很多情况下，都可译成汉语的主动句。动句。一、被动语态在英语中的运用一、被动语态在英语中的运用 被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的一大特点。 这一特点在科技英语语体中反映得尤为突出。 原因： 被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩，结构更简单； 同时，在有些情况下，不必、不愿或无从说出施动者。41.没有必要说明施动者例如：Such books are written for children. The English evening has been put off till Saturday.52.

3、出于礼貌措辞,不愿说出施动者。例如：You are requested to give a performance.It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.63.无从说出施动者例如：Youre wanted on the phone.The problem is being studied.74. 为了便于上下文衔接例如：He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. John actually loved her and was lo

4、ved in return. 约翰真的爱她，而她也爱约翰。约翰真的爱她，而她也爱约翰。 85. 为了突出谈话的中心例如：The song was composed by a French musician.The program was designed by ourselves.910I. I. 用词汇的手段来表现被动意义用词汇的手段来表现被动意义“为”字结构“茅屋为秋风所破”“被”字式 “被捕”， “被剥削”，“被压迫”，“被杀”“让”、”给”、”叫”、“挨”、“受”、“遭”、“蒙”114、“是的”表示静态的句子 这些产品是我国制造的。5、“的是” 推荐我的是一位教授。6、“加以/予以”组

5、成倒置的宾语结构 这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。12II II 用词序手段来表现被动意义用词序手段来表现被动意义1 1、受事者、受事者动词动词困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。2 2、受事着、受事着施事者施事者动词动词我们在这里所讲的我们在这里所讲的话话，人们人们不会长久地不会长久地记住记住。13I. 翻译成汉语的主动句II. 译成汉语的被动句III. 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句IV. 转换法 14I 翻译成汉语的主动句1、“加以”,“经过”,“用来” 2、增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语3、主语译成宾语4、翻译成汉语的无主句5、翻译成带“是的

6、”的主动句15II 译成汉语的被动句1、汉语句中有“被”、“受”、“挨”、“遭受”等词2、译成“为所”的结构16III 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句 17IV. 转换法18I I 翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句191.“加以”,“经过”,“用来” ，“可以用来”Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils.有些花儿产生的油可以用来制造香水。植物油和动物油还可以用来制作肥皂。20Nuclear powers danger to hea

7、lth, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. 核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词辐射来概括。212.增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. 人们普遍认为，孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品

8、。22 It is believed that worry can make a persons hair turn gray overnight. 有人相信有人相信忧愁能使一个人的头发一夜之间变白。忧愁能使一个人的头发一夜之间变白。23Itisassertedthat有人主张 Itisbelievedthat有人认为 Itisgenerallyconsideredthat大家(一般人)认为 Itiswellknownthat大家知道(众所周知) Itwillbesaid有人会说 Itwastoldthat有人曾经说 243.3.主语译成宾语主语译成宾语By the end of the wa

9、r, 800 people had been saved by the organization.大战结束时，这个组织拯救了八百人。 254.翻译成汉语的无主句 Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking. 应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上瘾后的可怕后果。26 Itishopedthat希望Itisreportedthat据报道Itissaidthat据说Itissupposed

10、that据推测Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat可以毫不夸张地说Itmustbeadmittedthat必须承认Itmustbepointedoutthat必须指出Itwillbeseenfromthisthat由此可见275. 翻译成带“是的”的主动句 China-ink stains cannot be washed out. 墨汁斑渍是洗不掉的。 Intheoldsociety，womenwerelookeddownupon. 在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。28II 译成汉语的被动结构 “被”,“给”,“遭”,“挨”,“为所”,“使”,“由”,

11、“受到”等表示。Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.我们的对外政策受到了世界人民的支持。Thewindowpanewasbrokenbythechild.窗玻璃被这小孩打碎了 29 The laws of motion will be discussed in the next article. 运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。 Our roof was damaged in last nights storm. 在昨夜的暴风雨中，我家的屋顶遭到了破坏。30 In the countryside, bir

12、th control has been accepted by more and more families. 在农村，计划生育已在农村，计划生育已为为越来越多的家庭越来越多的家庭所接受所接受。31III 译成译成“把把”、“使使”和和“由由”字句字句 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火把这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。 The plan is going to be examined first by the research group。 计划将先由研究小组加以研究。 32 The design

13、 will be examined by a special committee. 这项设计这项设计将由将由一个专门委员会一个专门委员会予以审查予以审查。 The export of this article is exclusively handled by us. 这项商品的出口这项商品的出口由由我公司我公司专营专营。33IV. 转换法1. 把 by 后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry. 现代工业现代工业耗用大量燃料。耗用大量燃料。 A book was given to me by him.

14、他给了我一本书。他给了我一本书。342. 把状语译为主语把状语译为主语 Many outstanding officials have been trained in West Point. 西点军校西点军校培养出了许多优秀的军官。培养出了许多优秀的军官。 Some pictures were hung on the wall. 墙上墙上挂着照片。挂着照片。 35小结：被动语态的翻译翻译成汉语的主动句 译成汉语的被动句译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句进行转换 3637 English is spoken in England, America, Canada and some other cou

15、ntries. 英国、美国、加拿大以及其他一些国家讲英语。英国、美国、加拿大以及其他一些国家讲英语。 Smoking is not permitted here/in the office. 这里这里/办公室不许抽烟。办公室不许抽烟。 Many a factory has been set up in my hometown. 我的家乡建起了许多工厂。我的家乡建起了许多工厂。 A class meeting will be held tomorrow. 明天明天开个班会。开个班会。 He is seen to be working in the workshop. 有人有人看见看见他他在车间劳

16、动。在车间劳动。 Mr Lin is considered to be a good teacher. 大家大家认为认为林老师林老师是一位好老师。是一位好老师。 He is expected to pass the examination. 大家大家希望他考试能及格。希望他考试能及格。 He is believed to be honest. 大家大家相信相信他他是诚实的。是诚实的。 The book was written by a black. 这本书这本书是是一个黑人一个黑人写的写的。 History is made by the people. 历史历史是是人民创造人民创造的的。 My

17、 holiday was spent in the country. 我的假期我的假期是是在乡下度过在乡下度过的的。 The fish was found in a pond. 鱼鱼是是在一个池塘里发现在一个池塘里发现的的。 It is considered of no use learning a theory without practice. 人们认为人们认为脱离实践学理论毫无用处。脱离实践学理论毫无用处。 Thousands of cars are produced by FIAT every year. 菲亚特汽车公司菲亚特汽车公司每年生产成千上万辆小汽车。每年生产成千上万辆小汽车。

18、 He was asked ten questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly. 口试时，口试时， 问了十个问题，他全都答对了。问了十个问题，他全都答对了。 It is considered that women tell lies more often than men. 有人认为有人认为女人将谎话要比男人多。女人将谎话要比男人多。 Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity (严重性严重性) of corruption among so

19、me high officials in China. 必须特别强调必须特别强调我国某些高级政府官员贪污腐败的严我国某些高级政府官员贪污腐败的严重性。重性。43When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest pe

20、trol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.When the crude oil is obtained fr

21、om the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.44E-C TRANSLATION C-E TRANSLATION庄稼让大水冲跑了。